Digestive system(6-8)
1.Hormones of git( Gastrin ,secretin, cck pZ)
Causes of secretion, site of action and function
2.Factors affecting saliva secretion
3. Regulation of hcl secretion
4.Amount, ph ,composition and regulation of digestive juice (GASTRIC juice)
5.Cho, protein, fat digestion absorption and malabsorption
6.Bile, micelli and emulcification
7.Compositon of bile
8. liver function
9.fx of large gut
10. gastric emptying
11. Factors affecting fe absorption
12. Absorption of water and electrolytes
13.absorption of ca, bile, b12 in different part of intestine
Ghrelin
LOCAL HORMONES OF GIT
Polypeptide in nature (amino acid less than 100)
Secreted by nerve cells and gland cells in mucosa
Act in paracrine fashion
A. Gastrin family : gastrin ,cholecystokinin(CCK-PZ)
B. Secretin family: secretin glucagon glicentin vip gip
SBA: Gastrin: Stimulates pepsin secretion.
Ach and cCk contracts- gall bladder.
Ghrelin
hormone Origin Stimulus Action
Gastrin Antram G cell. Products of protein digestion Stimulates gastric acid
Suppressed by acid and secretion
somatostatin Stimulates growth of
gastrointestinal mucosa
insulin release
somatostatin Throughout Gl tract & Fat ingestion Inhibits gastrin and insulin
secretion
Decreases acid secretion
Inhibits pancreatic secretion
Fat ingestion
Cholecystokinin Duodenum and Products of protein simulates pancreatic enzyme
Jejunum( S cell) digestion secretion
Fat and fatty acids Suppressed Gallbladder contraction
by trypsin Sphincter of Oddi relaxation
Decreases gastric acid
secretion
Reduces gastric emptying
Regulates pancreatic growth
secretion Duodenum and Duodenal acid simulates pancreatic fluid and
Jejunum( S cell) Fatty acids bicarbonate secretion - Ductal
Decrease acid secretion
Reduce gastric emptying
Motilin Duodenum, small Fasting Regulates peristaltic activity,
intestine and colon Dietary fat including,
(Mo cells) migrating motor complexes
(MMC)
GIP Duodenum( K cells) and Glucose and fat Stimulates insulin release (also
jejunum known as
Glucose and fat
glucose-dependent insulin-
trophic
polypeptide)
Inhibits acid secretion
VIP Nerve fibers Unknown Vasodilator
throughout GI tract Smooth muscle relaxation
Water and electrolyte
secretion
Ghrelin Stomach Fasting. Stimulates appetite, acid
Inhibited by eating secretion and gastric emptying
Ghrelin
Peptide YY Ileum and colon feeding. Modulates satiety - decrease
appetite.
Amylin Pancreatic islet B-cells feeding. Glycemic control
Stimuli that increase gastrin secretion:
Luminal: Peptides ad amino acids, Distention
Neural: Increased vagal discharge Vid GRP
Blood borne: Calcium, Epinephrine
Stimuli that inhibit Gastrin secretion:
Luminal: Acid, Somatostatin
Blood borne:
Secretin, GIP, VIP, Glucagon, Calcitonin
SBA - Ghelin the onty hormone which increase apelte.
Leptin- Ioss appetite.
In Acetle cholecystitis pain due to -CCK. - SBA.
Ghrelin
