Using
Conventions in
Citing Sources
In doing your research paper, you
have to make sure that you use
information taken from reliable
sources.
A. common C. trustworthy
B. intelligent D. understandable
Scholarly published articles are
good sources of reliable
information.
A. academically C. timely
B. professionally D. wisely
If you have taken an information
from a certain website, do not
forget to cite it in your paper as
your source.
A. acknowledge C. discuss
B. appreciate D. underline
One way of citing your sources is to
include a bibliography of these sources
in a separate page of your research
paper.
A. copy of other studies
B. list of scientific research
C. worksheet of different sources
D. list of related sources of information
Here are some important reasons why you need to cite
or list the sources:
• It gives credit to the authors.
• It provides you and the reader with more information
about the sources.
• It shows the writer’s credibility, referring to whether
his/her sources are reliable.
• It prevents plagiarism, an act of stealing someone
else’s ideas and presenting them as your own.
What is a Bibliography?
A bibliography is taken from the Greek word
‘biblion’, which means ‘book’ and ‘graphia’,
which means ‘to write.’ A bibliography
contains an alphabetical list of sources like
books, periodicals, and websites used by the
writer or researcher.
The three main citation styles are
the following:
1. The American Psychological
Association (APA) Style which is
used in social and behavioral
sciences.
2. The Modern Language
Association (MLA) Style which is
used for writing papers on
literature and related subjects
like theater or film.
3. The Chicago Manual of Style
(CMOS) which is often used in
many academic fields, especially
in the humanities and social
sciences.
These are the print and
online types or formats of
sources of information:
A. Print Sources. These are
sources that have been
published in printed
format, such as books and
periodicals.
1. Book
These are the most common and
reliable sources of information.
This is the sample format of
writing a book bibliography.
Author’s last name and first name. Title
of Book: Subtitle. Place of
publication: Name of Publisher. Year of
publication.
Books with One Author
Cruz, Lourdes. Language and Literature:
Grade 8 Learners’ Textbook. Quezon
City: Cruz Publishing House, Inc., 2015.
Books with Two to Ten Authors
Cruz, Lourdes, Dy, Armando, Perez, Jose
and Rubio, Nancy. Language and
Literature: Grade 8 Learners’ Textbook.
Quezon City: Cruz Publishing House, Inc.,
2015.
2. Periodicals
These are magazines, scholarly journals,
newspapers, and newsletters
published at regular intervals. Publication
dates are essential when citing periodical
sources.
2.1 Journal
It is a scholarly published periodical
containing articles written by
researchers, professors, and other
experts.
Author’s last name and first name. “Title of
Article”. Journal Title, Issue information.
Martinez, Juana. “Distance Learning Amidst
COVID-19.” Journal of Studies in Philippine
Education 10, no. 2 (2019): 23.
2.2. Magazine
It is a periodical publication that
contains stories, essays, pictures, and
the like, usually published every week or
month.
Author’s last name and first name. “Title
of Article”. Magazine Title, Issue Date.
Alisbo, Thea. “Finding New Hobbies in
Time of Quarantine.” Young Mind
Creatives, June 2020.
2.3. Newspaper
It is a periodical that is printed and
distributed usually daily or weekly
containing news, opinions, features, and
advertisements.
Author’s last name and first name. “Title
of Article”. Newspaper name. Month,
Day, and Year.
Paran, Leo. “Filipino student bags trophy
in International Quiz Bee.” Caraga Sinag
Press, July 17, 2018.
B. Online Sources. These refer to
any materials or information taken
from the internet. Other
terms for online sources are
‘electronic sources’, ‘web sources’
and ‘internet sources.’
1. Website
This refers to the collection of files
and related resources accessible
through the World Wide Web and
organized under a domain name.
Author’s last name and first name. “Page
Title.” Website Title, Published Date/Access
Date. URL.
Orcullo, Ramon Jr. “Solid Faith.” Department
of Education Caraga Region, June 2, 2020.
http://caraga.deped.gov.ph/solid-faith/
2. E-Books
These are books that are read on a computer
or electronic devices. They are cited exactly as
a printed book with the addition of a format
at the end of the citation: Kindle, PDF, EPUB,
etc. If books are referred online, include the
URL at the end of the citation.
Author’s last name and first name. Title of
Book. Place of publication: Name of
Publisher. Year of publication. Format OR
URL
Solis, Anna May, Dela Cruz, Christopher, and
Dizon, Jane. How to Improve Your Reading
Skills. Manila: TIM’s Publishing Company,
2018. epub.
3. Online Journals
These are journals read from digital
libraries or online databases.
Author’s Surname, First Name. "Article Title." Journal Title Volume,
no. Issue (Year): Page range of article. URL of journal article
webpage OR Name of database.
Soriano, Pamela, Villame, Rovi Gem, Calumba, Kriza Faye, Alviola,
Juma Novie , Delima, Aileen Grace, Alviola,Pedro IV, and Bayoga,
Emma Ruth. "Utilization Of ‘Alugbati’ (Basella Alba L.) Leaves Powder
to Increase Vitamin A Content of Fresh Egg Noodles." Philippine
Journal of Science 149, no. 2 (2020): 273-281.
http://philjournalsci.dost.gov.ph/97-vol-149-no-2-june2020/1185-
utilization-of-alugbati-basella-alba-l-leaves-powder-to-
increasevitamin-a-content-of-fresh-egg-noodles
4. Online Magazine and Online
Newspaper.
These are the online versions of
magazines and newspaper. Both
sources have the same format in
writing a bibliography entry.
Author’s last name, first name.
"Article Title." Newspaper/Magazine
Title, Month Day, Year. URL
Online Magazine:
Bautista, John Michael. “Homeschooling: How
to be the best tutor to your kids.” Filipino
Magazine, May 19, 2020.
https://www.filipinomag.com/
parenting/homeschooling-how-to-be-the-
best-tutor-to-your-kids/
Online Newspaper:
Orcullo, Ramon. "MisOr remains COVID-
19 free, DOH." Sinag Press, June 14,
2020. https://sinagpress/ news
/2020/6/14/misor-remains-covid-19-
free-doh.html
