DAY 1
(October MAPEH
30, 2023)
TOPIC: POPULAR MUSIC
DISCUSSION:
POPULAR MUSIC
Background of Popular Music
The term popular music belongs to any of a number of musical "having wide appeal" and typically distributed
to large audiences through the music industry. It stands in contrast to both art music and traditional music,
which are typically disseminated academically or orally to smaller local audiences. The original application of
the term is to music of the 1880 Tin Pan Alley period in the United States. Although popular music sometimes
is known as "pop music," the two terms are not interchangeable. Popular musk is a generic term for music of all
ages that appeals to popular tastes, whereas pop music usually refers to a specific musical genre.
Popular music, unlike art music, is-
1. conceived for mass distribution to large and often socioculturally heterogeneous groups of listeners,
2. stored and distributed in nonwritten form,
3. only possible in an industrial monetary economy where it becomes a commodity, and
4. in capitalist societies, subject to the laws of "free" enterprise, according to which it should ideally sell as
much as possible of as little as possible to as many as possible.
For Richard Middleton and Peter Manuel, "a common approach to defining popular music is to link popularity
with scale of activity" such as "sales of sheet music or recordings." This approach has a problem, in that "repeat
hearings are not counted, depth of response does not feature, socially diverse audiences are treated as one
aggregated market and there is no differentiation between musical styles."
Form in popular music is most often sectional, the most common sections being verse, chorus or refrain, and
bridge. Other common forms include thirty-two-bar form, twelve bar blues, and the verse-chorus form. Popular
music songs are rarely composed using different music for each stanza of the lyrics, and songs composed in this
fashion are said to be "through- composed."
The verse and refrain are considered the primary elements. Each verse usually has the same melody with maybe
some slight modifications, but the lyrics change for some verses. The refrain usually has a melodic phrase and a
key lyrical line which is repeated. Pop songs may have an introduction and coda or tag, but these elements do
not give identity to most songs. Pop songs that use verses and choruses or refrains often have a bridge, which is
a section connecting the verse and refrain at certain points in the song.
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The verse and refrain are usually repeated throughout a song, while the bridge, intro, and coda which is also
called an "outro," tend to be used only once. Some pop songs may have a solo section, particularly in rock or
blues- influenced pop. During the solo section, one or more instruments play a melodic line which may be the
melody used by the singer, or, in blues- or jazz- influenced pop, the solo may be improvised based on the chord
progression. A solo usually features a single instrumental performer such as a guitarist or a harmonica player, or
less commonly, more than one instrumentalist like a trumpeter or a sax player.
One factor responsible for the spread of popular music was the availability of inexpensive, widely available
sheet music versions of popular songs and instrumental music pieces. These made it possible for music to reach
out to a wide audience of amateur music-makers, who could play and sing popular music at home.
Another factor was the increasing availability of public popular music performances in pleasure gardens and
dance halls, famous theaters, and concert rooms during the late 18th and early 19th century. The early popular
music performers worked together with the sheet music industry to promote popular sheet music. The center of
the music publishing industry in the US during the late 19th century was in New York's "Tin Pan Alley" district.
The Tin Pan Alley music publishers developed a new method for promoting sheet music, resulting to promotion
of new songs. One of the technological innovations that helped to spread popular music around the turn of the
century was player pianos, these allowed people to hear the new popular piano tunes. By the early 1900s, the
big trends in popular music were the increasing popularity of vaudeville theaters, dance halls, and the invention
of the gramophone player. The record industry grew very rapidly.
A third factor helped to spread popular music. This was the introduction of "talking pictures," the sound films in
the late 1920s. In the late 1920s and throughout the 1930s, there was a move towards consolidation in the
recording industry which caused several major companies to dominate the record industry.
In the 1950s and 1960s, television began to play an increasingly important role in disseminating new popular
music. Variety shows regularly showcased popular singers and bands. In the 1960s, the development of new
technologies in recording such as multitrack recorders gave sound engineers an increasingly important role in
popular music. By using recording techniques, sound engineers could create new sounds and sound effects that
were not possible using traditional "live" recording techniques.
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In the 1970s, the trend towards consolidation in the recording Indust continued. Five huge transnational
organizations; three American-owned WEA, RCA, CBS; and two European-owned companies-the EMI and
Polygra dominated the industry. In the 1990s, the consolidation trend turned multi-media consolidation. This
trend saw music recording companies bein consolidated with film, television, magazines, and other media
companie This is an approach which facilitated cross-marketing promotion betwee subsidiaries. For example, a
singing star of a record company could be cross promoted by the magazine and television connections of the
firm.
Digital equipment such as mixing desks, samplers, sequencers, and synthesizers were introduced in the 1990s
that resulted in what Grove Dictionary of Music referred to as the creation of "new sound worlds."; well as
facilitating DIY music production by amateur musicians and small independent record labels.
Popular "pop" music means it is appreciated by many, recognized by the majority. It is the music produced for a
broad audience making it the "in" music of the generation.
Latin or romantic ballad is a Latin musical genre which originated in the 1960s. This ballad is very popular in
Latin America and Spain, and is characterized by a sensitive rhythm. A descendant of the bolero, it has several
variants such as salsa and cumbia. Since the mid-20th century a number of artists have popularized the genre,
such as Julio Iglesias, Enrique Iglesias, and Cristian Castro.
The most popular and lasting songs from popular music are known as pop standards or American standards.
More generally, the term "standard" can be applied to any popular song that has become very widely known
within mainstream culture.
The works of these songwriters and composers are usually considered part of the canon known as the "Great
American Songbook."
Standard pop music big stars whose songs still live today are Frank Sinatra, Doris Day, Ella Fitzgerald, Nat
King Cole, and Dinah Shore.
Some of these vocalists faded with traditional pop music, while many vocalists became involved in vocal jazz
and the rebirth of "swing music." The swing music of the 1960s is sometimes referred to as easy listening and
was. a renewal of the swing music that had been popular during the swing era, with more emphasis on the
vocalist. Like the Swing era, it too featured many songs made popular by Nelson Riddle, and television friendly
singers like Rosemary Clooney, Dean Martin, and the cast of Your Hit Parade. Many artists made their mark
with pop standards, particularly vocal jazz and pop singers
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like Ella Fitzgerald, Frank Sinatra, Doris Day, Frankie Lane, Nat King Cole who was originally known for his
jazz piano virtuosity, Tony Benett, Vic Damone, Johnny Mathis, Bobby Daren, Barbra Streisand, Peggy Lee,
Sammy Davis, Jr., Sarah Vaughn, Andy Williams, Jack Jones, and Steve Lawrence.
ACTIVITY #1
Direction: Fill in the boxes with what you know about Popular music.
HISTORICAL FACTS MUSIC FORMS PERFORMANCE STYLES
1. 1. 1.
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3. 3. 3.
DAY 2
(October MAPEH
31, 2023)
TOPIC: EXPRESSIONISM, CUBISM,DADAISM, SURREALISM, AND SOCIAL REALISM
ACTIVITY #2
REMEMBERING WHAT YOU LEARNED
Give an example of artwork done by the following artists and write the detail of it.
a. Pablo Picasso
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b. Edvard Munch
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c. Francis Picabia
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d. Miro Joan
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e. Andrew Wyeth
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f. Jose Clemente Orozco
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