1

By

Lecturer, Computer Science Department,

Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence,
Benha University

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Digital Iamge Processing Course

Dr Mai Kamal 2022 3

Digital Iamge Processing

Course

Teams Link
https://teams.microsoft.com/l/team/19%3aV89kJ8amsbE3ssF9V0x
mGOukoYKvZIwPVey1-
EUiL4Y1%40thread.tacv2/conversations?groupId=47e1fe88-6e6b-
433e-b771-94c21eeb96c6&tenantId=ff4a48d6-4b5e-4fd3-8266-
7eafc3e6e23e

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Grading Formula

Weights of the Assessments

Final Term Examination 50
Midterm Exam 15
Practical Exam 15
Quiz 1 5
Quiz 2 5
Semester Work 10

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Text Book

R. Gonzalez, R. Woods.
Digital Ιmage Processing,
Prentice Hall, 2008.
Third Edition .

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 Introduction and Overview
Digital Image Fundamentals

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Course Content
1. Introduction & Digital Image Fundamentals.
2. Image Sampling and Quantization.
3. Digital Image Representation.
4. Image Enhancement in the Spatial Domain.
5. Image Enhancement in the Frequency Domain.
6. Image Restoration.
7. Image Compression.
8. Image Segmentation.
9. Object Recognition.
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 COMPARISON BETWEEN
IMAGE PROCESSING
COMPUTER VISION

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COMPUTER IMAGING

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Computer Imaging

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Computer Vision and Image

Processing

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 Computer Vision
 Computer Vision is computer imaging, where the
application does not involve a human being in the
visual loop. The images are examined and acted
upon by a computer.
 Computer vision is focused on extracting
information from the input images or videos to
have a proper understanding of them to predict the
visual input like human brain.

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Computer Vision and Image

Processing
 Image processing is a subset of computer
vision.

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 Computer Vision and Image
Processing

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Digital Image Processing to

Computer Vision
1. Low-level processes: primitive operations
ex: reduce noise, enhance contrast
enhancement and sharpening.
2. Mid--level processes: segmentation
(partitioning image as regions and objects).
3. High –level processes: recognizing
objects.

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Digital Image Processing to
Computer Vision

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Image Processing Main

Concepts

Image Input Output

Image Processing Image Image
Image Analysis Image Measurements
Image Understanding Image High-level description

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 Digital Image Processing
 Digital Image Processing deals with capturing and
translating a visual signal into a digital image.
 It involves the conception, design, development, and
enhancement of digital imaging algorithms and
programs.
 In image processing the input is an image (probably
noisy) and output is also an image (Enhanced).
 Examples: Denoise, Deblur, Paint Removal, shadow removal.

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What is Image Analysis?

 Image analysis involves manipulating the image data to
determine exactly the information necessary to help solve
a computer imaging problems.
 Image analysis is the ability of computers to recognize
attributes within an image.
 The image analysis process can be broken down into
three primary stages:
1. Preprocessing (remove noise).
2. Data Reduction (transforming between different
domains).
3. Feature Extracted (Feature Analysis).

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 Digital Image Analysis
 Digital image analysis the process of extracting
meaningful information from an image.
 such as:
– color/brightness histograms.
– (mean, variance), and integral images, to the
identification of more complex structures in the
image.
– image sharpening, thresholding, smoothing and
edge/contour enhancement.
– image segmentation (divide an image into different
regions, which can be simple image binarization (a
division of the image into two regions, such as
background and foreground) or multiple regions, such
as different objects present in an image).

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What is Image Understanding?

 Computer vision and image understanding is the
problem of interpreting images by locating,
recognizing objects, attributes and other higher level
features in an image.

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 Image Processing Main
Concepts

Image Input Output

Image Processing Image Image
Image Analysis Image Measurements
Image Understanding Image High-level description

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Image Processing Main

Concepts
 What is the difference between pattern
recognition and image processing?
– In simple terms, image processing involves
methods by which we can simplify the contents of
image by enhancing it, find similar points from it,
etc..
– Whereas, pattern recognition is image processing
plus machine learning. So, using image processing,
you can extract features and then give it to machine
learning algorithm for classification.

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APPLICATIONS OF DIGITAL
IMAGE PROCESSING

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 Applications of Image Processing
 Automatic Visual Inspection System

 Remotely Sensed Scene Interpretation

 Biomedical Imaging Techniques

 Defense Surveillance

 Content-Based Image Retrieval

 Moving-Object Tracking

 Image and Video Compression

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Automatic Visual Inspection

(AVI) System
 Is the combination of Machine Vision technology with
Computer Vision science applied to the industrial sector.

 AVI identifies the possible presence of FPM using an

image detection system (camera, optics, and lighting) and
software algorithms to interpret data and identify
conditions of non-compliance.

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 Automatic Visual Inspection
(AVI) System
 With reference to the pharmaceutical industry, the visual
inspection technology is based on automated cameras and
on complex vision algorithms that determine if the
container is fit to comply with given standards by
detecting:
◾ Presence of Foreign Particulate Matters (FPM)
◾ Cosmetic Defects
◾ False Fill Level and Product Color

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Remotely Sensed Scene

Interpretation
 REMOTE sensing images, a valuable data source for
earth observation, can help us to measure and observe
detailed structures on the Earth’s surface.
 Remote sensing
image scene
classification aims
at labeling remote
sensing images
with a set of
semantic
categories based on
their contents, has
broad applications
in a range of fields.
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 Remotely Sensed Scene
Interpretation

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Biomedical Imaging
Techniques
 Many of the techniques developed for medical
imaging also have scientific and industrial
applications.
o Magnetic resonance imaging.
o Nuclear medicine.
o Ultrasound.
o Tomography.
o Echocardiography.
o X-Ray

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 Defense Surveillance
 Application of image processing
techniques in defense surveillance
is an important area of study.
 There is a continuous need for
monitoring the land and oceans
using aerial surveillance
Techniques.
 Example :
◾ Military Imaging and Surveillance Technology (MIST)
 That seeks to develop a fundamentally new optical Intelligence,
Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR) capability able to provide
high-resolution 3-D images to locate and identify a target at much
longer ranges than is possible with existing optical systems.

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Content-Based Image
Retrieval
 Is an important application in image processing.
 The advent of large multimedia collection and digital
libraries has led to an important requirement for
development of search tools for indexing and retrieving
information from them.

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 Content-Based Image
Retrieval
 Example: Google search engine by images

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Moving-Object Tracking

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 Image and Video Compression
 Image compression: is the process of reducing
the amount of data
 required to represent an image.
 Some image compression standard:
1. JPEG
2. GIF-Graphics

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Image and Video Compression(cont.)

 Video compression technology is about reducing and
removing redundant video data so that a digital video file
can be effectively sent over a network and stored on
computer disks.
 With efficient compression techniques a significant
reduction in file size can be achieved with little or no
adverse effect on the visual quality or in some case effected.
 Examples
◾ Mpeg
◾ Mpeg2
◾ Mpeg4
◾ Mpeg7

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 Image Processing Applications
 Medical Imaging.
 Forensic Studies.
 Military.
 Document processing.
 Surveillance Applications.
 Film industry.
 Graphic arts.
 Printing Industry.
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What is Digital Image

Processing? (DIP)
 The continuum from image processing to computer
vision can be broken up into low-, mid- and high-
level processes.

Low Level Process Mid Level Process High Level Process

Input: Image Input: Image Input: Attributes
Output: Image Output: Attributes Output: Understanding
Examples: Noise Examples: Object Examples: Scene
removal, image recognition, understanding,
sharpening segmentation autonomous navigation

In this course we will

stop here

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 What is Digital Image
Processing? (DIP)
 Digital image processing focuses on two major
tasks:
– Improvement of pictorial information for human
interpretation.
– Render it more suitable for autonomous machine
perception.
– Processing of image data for storage, transmission and
representation for autonomous machine perception.

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Next Lecture

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 Next Lecture
LEC.2:
DIGITAL IMAGE FUNDAMENTALS

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