Sensors & Instrumentation
(EEAC008IU)
Dr. Huynh Tan Quoc
Sensors and Instrumentation
Course Instructors: Dr. Huynh Tan Quoc
Class hours: Monday 10:35-13:05
Pre-requisite: EE055IU-Principles of EE2
Grading Policy
Homework Problems, Projects, Pop-Quiz (30%)
Mid-term exam (30%)
Final Exam (40%)
Office hours: Tuesday 810:35-13:05, Room L206
Contact information:
[email protected] ,
(08) 372-44270 Ext.3231
Lecture Notes and HW:
BLACKBOARD
Handouts
Sensors and Instrumentation
Class Room Policy
No Talking
No Cell Phone during class
At 10:50, classroom will be closed
Quizzes will be given without notice
Attendance is required
Students missing 3 classes will not be allowed to take the
final exam
Sensors& Instrumentation
Textbooks and Other Required Materials:
- Textbook: Measurement, Instrumentation, and Sensors Handbook, Second Edition
(Two Volume Set): Spatial, Time, and Mechanical Measurement, John G. Webster,
CRC Press, 2013
Course Objective: This course introduces students to the state-of-the-art
practice in electronic instrumentation systems, including
Basic understanding of sensor/transducer elements
Understanding the precision measurement techniques.
Students will be familiarized with techniques used in acquisition,
processing, and presentation of sensor signals: transducers, Fourier
analysis, flow measurement, amplifiers, and bridge circuits
TOPICS
Introduction Sensors
Sensors Characteristics.
Statistic and Hypothesis testing
Review of circuit theory, Operational amplifiers
Signal Processing
Data Acquisition and control
Labs
Button
Try switch, reed switch
ADC
Build simple Voltage + resistance meter
Thermal Sensor
Read data from analog & digital sensor;
Passive infrared sensor (PIR sensor) +Buzzer active and passive
Build Theft alarm system.
IR transmitter and IR receiver.
Build Remote control + count rotation of wheel
Proximity sensor (Ultrasound + laser) & servo
Build simple radar
Heartbeat sensor(PPG)
Digital + Analog sensor.
Accelerometer sensor
Step counter+ tilt angle measurement
Sound Sensor
Alarm system
Required Devices
Arduino board
LCD 16x2 (+ Module I2C Arduino)
Bread board + Wires
Kit 37 sensors ~210 k VND
Ultrasound HC-SR04 24k VND
PIR HC-SR501 25k VND
PPG&SPO2 sensor MAX30102 65K
Accelerometer IMU MPU6050 (MMA84252Q) 24k
Servo
ARDUINO BOARD
USB
PWR IN
RESET
SCL\SDA
(I2C Bus)
SPI
POWER
5V / 3.3V / GND Digital I\O
PWM(3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11)
Analog
INPUTS Transmitter/Receiver
Serial Connection
Blackboard
• We will use Blackboard and email to communicate
• Course information and materials will be posted on Blackboard
• http://bb.hcmiu.edu.vn/
Account: Your ID
Password: ?
Sensors & Instrumentation
(EEAC008IU)
Introduction
Lecture 1
Dr. Huynh Tan Quoc
Content
Instruments
What are Transducer, Actuator, Sensor
Sensor Classification
Characteristics of Sensors
Example of sensors
Temperature Sensor
Motion Sensor
CO2 Gas Sensor
Proximity Sensor
Accelerometer Sensor
Instruments
Definition: An instrument is a device that transforms a physical variable
of interest (the measurand ) into a form that is suitable for recording
(the Measurement ).[1]
Fundamental SI units
Simple instrument model.
1. John G. Wbster, “The Measurement Instrumentation and Sensors”, Boca Raton, Fla, CRC Press published
in cooperation with IEEE Press.
Need of Sensors in Daily Life
Sensors are omnipresent. They embedded in our
bodies, automobiles, airplanes, cellular
telephones, radios, chemical plants, industrial
plants and countless other applications.
Temperature sensor in AC, cooker, microwave
Smoke detector with Fire alarm
Tire pressure Sensors
Accelerometer in auto airbag system, wearable device
What are Transducers, Sensors? Or Actuator?
Transducer
A device which converts a signal from one physical form to another
physical form
Physical form : Thermal, electric, mechanical, magnetic, chemical,
and optical,…
Actuator
Which converts an electric signal to physical output
Sensor
Which converts a physical parameter to an electric output
What are Sensors Transducers, Sensors? Or
Actuator?
Example :
Microphone: converts sound to electrical signal.
What are Sensors Transducers, Sensors? Or
Actuator?
Example :
Microphone: converts sound to electrical signal.
Speaker: converts electrical signal to sound
What are Sensors Transducers, Sensors? Or
Actuator?
Example :
Microphone: converts sound to electrical signal
Speaker: converts electrical signal to sound
Strain gauge: converts strain to electrical
What are Sensors Transducers, Sensors? Or
Actuator?
Example :
Microphone: converts sound to electrical signal
Speaker: converts electrical signal to sound
Strain gauge: converts strain to electrical
Antenna: converts electromagnetic energy into electricity
and vice versa
Sensor Classification
Active
Require external power called excitation signal
Sensor modify excitation signal to provide output
E.g laser, radar, accelerometer,
Passive
Doesn’t need any additional energy source
Directly generate an electric signal in response to an external stimuli
E.g. Thermocouple, photodiode, Piezoelectric sensor
Characteristics of Sensors
Interface:
Analog (voltage or resistance) & Digital (I2C, SPI, UART)
Accuracy:
Thecapacity of a measuring instrument to give RESULTS close to the
TRUE VALUE of the measured quantity
Range:
Givethe highest and the lowest value of of the physical quantity that
sensor can measure.
Beyond of this range, there is no sensing or no correct response.
Resolution:
Provides the smallest change in the input that a sensor is capable of
sensing
Resolution is an importance specification towards selection of sensors
Higher the resolution better precision.
Response:
Should be capable of responding to the changes in minimum time
Temperature Sensor
The Bi-metallic Thermostat
Makes or breaks electrical connection with deflection
Temperature Sensor
Thermistor (Thermal + Resistor)
Example:
Thermistor has material constant =4500K
at
Calculate at T=
Temperature Sensor
Thermistor (Thermal + Resistor)
AC Thermometers Digital Thermistor Baby Thermometers
Oven Automobile Smartphone
Motion Sensor
Passive Infrared (PIR) sensor:
Using Pyroelectric Sensor measures infrared (IR) light
from heat body.
Use to detect motion
Commonly used in security alarms and automatic
lighting applications
PIR Sensor Circuit
Motion Sensor
Automatic Light Sensor Alarm system
CO2 Gas Sensor
CO2 Gas Sensor
CO2 monitoring for Greenhouses Vehicle exhaust emissions
Air Quality Monitors in Home
Proximity Sensors
Measure time-of flight
Ultrasonic sensor:
Ultrasonic sensors are used for
position measurements
15° - 20°
Two ultrasonic transducer
(Transmitter + Receiver)
Measure range using time-of flight
of sound (~340 m/sec)
Resolution: 5 mm
Range: up to 450cm
Distance = Speed x Time
Example:
Speed of sound : 0.034 cm/µs
Received Time : 500 µs
Distance = (0.034 cm/µs x 500 µs) /2
Distance = 8.5 cm
Proximity Sensors
Measure time-of flight
Laser Range finder:
Laser range finders measure time-of-
flight of light (300,000,000 m/sec )
Resolution: High accuracy (1mm)
Laser Range finder
Beam: 1 degree angular
Range: Up to 200m-10km
(depend on power)
360-degree Laser Range Scanner (LIDAR) 3D LIDAR Map
Proximity Sensors
Car Parking Sensors
Detect Liquid Level
Self Driving Car
Accelerometer Sensor
Accelerometer Sensor
1g AccY=-1g
AccX=0g
AccY=0g
AccX=1g
Accelerometer Sensor
Summary
What are Transducer, Actuator, Sensor?
Classification of Sensors: Active or Passive
Characteristics of Sensors: Interface, accuracy,
range, resolution, response, …
Example: temperature, motion, CO2 Gas Sensor,
proximity, accelerometer.
What’s next?
Signal processing: Amplifier, filterer signal, data
acquisition.
Practice: Using Arduino read data from analog sensor
(LM35) and digital sensor (ADXL345)
