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2. Among the following microbial process.

Which would contribute to global warming?
SOIL SCIENCE a. OM Decomposition
FINAL COACHING b. Denitrification
c. Nitrification
d. Both a and b

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RATIONALE
1. When depicted graphically, the Mitscherlich
equation shows that with the addition of a
limiting nutrient
a. Yield increases lineary
b. Yield increases but in decreasing increaments
c. Yield increases exponentially
d. All of the choices

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RATIONALE RATIONALE

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3. Which of the following is immobile in plants?
a. Intensity factor – concentration of ions in the soil
solution
a. Nitrogen b. Capacity factor- ability of the soil to renew the ions
b. Potassium in the soil solution as they are taken up by the plants
c. Calcium c. Buffering capity – ability to resist sudden changes in pH
d. Sulfur d. Availability – relative ability to supply nutrients to plants

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RATIONALE
5. Which of the following has a high CEC?

a. Clayey soils
b. Loam Soils
c. Soil Humus
d. Red Soils

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RATIONALE
4. The ability of the soil to replenish the amount
of nutrients in the soil solution?

a. Intensity factor
b. Capacity factor
c. Buffering capity
d. Availability

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RATIONALE
6. Nitrate is not removed from the soil system
by which of the following?

a. Leaching
b. Plant Uptake
c. Nitrogen Fertilization
d. Erosion

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RATIONALE
8. Microaerophillic soil microorganism require

a. Leaching- remove
b. Plant Uptake – remove a. No oxygen
c. Nitrogen Fertilization- add b. Minimal oxygen levels
d. Erosion- remove c. High oxygen levels
d. Extremely high oxygen levels

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RATIONALE
7. The major gaseous products of OM
decomposition under anaerobic soil
conditions Micro- small/little
a. O2 Aero- air
b. CO2 Philic- loving
c. CH4
d. C2H6

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RATIONALE
9. Which of the following agro-environments would
produce the greatest amount of greenhouse
gases
a. Lowland Rice Field
b. Upland Rice Field
c. Sugarcane Field
d. Pasture Field

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RATIONALE RATIONALE

a. Lowland Rice Field- CO2, CH4, N2O, NO

b. Upland Rice Field- CO2
c. Sugarcane Field- CO2
d. Pasture Field – CO2

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10. Which of the following organic materials will 11. In strongly acid soils, the availability of most
remain in the soil the longest? micronutrients cation

a. Chicken Manure a. Increase

b. Corn Stover b. Decrease
c. Rice Straw c. Not affected
d. Wood Chips d. None of the choices

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RATIONALE
13. In calcerous soils, P become unavailable as

a. Monocalcium Phosphate
b. Dicalcium Phosphate
c. Tricalcium Phosphate
d. Ammonium Phosphate

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RATIONALE
12. Liebig's Law of the Minimum states that plant
growth and yield

a. Is limited by the abundance of a particular nutrient element 3Ca2+ + 2H2PO4- → Ca3(PO4)2 + 4H+
b. Is limited by the lack of a particular nutrient element
c. Is limited by the excess of a particular nutrient element
d. All of the choices

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RATIONALE
14. Trichoderman harzianum is an inoculant for
rapid composting technology. The rapid
composting technology was developed by
a. Dr. Asuncion K. Raymundo
b. Dr. Ida Dalmacio
c. Dr. Virginia Cuevas
d. Dr. Romulo Davide

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RATIONALE
16. Which has the highest analysis or grade
among solid N fertilizer

a. Ammonium nitrate
b. Ammosul
c. Urea
d. Anhydrous ammonia

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15. A process of movement of individual ion due
to difference in concentration
a. Ammonium nitrate – 34
a. Diffusion b. Ammosul- 21
b. Mass flow
c. Urea- 46
c. Absorption
d. Root interception d. Anhydrous ammonia- 82 (liquid)

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RATIONALE
17. The dark color of igneous rock is usually
caused by
a. Diffusion- movement from an area of high concentration to
an area of low concentration
b. Mass flow - as the water moves through the roots, the nutrients a. Quartz
are also carried and hence become positionally available b. Feldspar
c. Absorption- entry of nutrients to the plants c. Calcite
d. Root interception – nutrients come in contact with roots as the d. Ferromagnesian minerals
roots push their way through the soil

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19. Ammonia volatilization is a process that results
in nitrogen loss from the soil, it is more favored
by
a. High pH and low CEC
b. Low pH and low CEC
c. Low pH and high CEC
d. High level of soil fertility

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RATIONALE
18. Describe the relationship of percent base
saturation and soil pH

a. %BS increases as soil pH decreases

b. %BS decreases as soil pH decreases
c. %BS decreases as soil pH increases
d. %BS increase do not affect soil pH

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RATIONALE
20. Phosphorus is less available

a. Only at low pH
b. Only at high pH
c. At very low or very high pH
d. None of the choices

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RATIONALE
22. A term that indicates excessive level of nutrient
in the plant or soil

a. Sufficient
b. Toxicity
c. Deficiency
d. Poverty adjustment

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RATIONALE
21. The soil microbial population is generally
highest in the

a. A horizon
b. B horizon
c. C horizon
d. E horizon

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RATIONALE
23. The Philippine adopts the _______ Soil
Classification System

a. USDA
b. FAO
c. ISSS
d. SSSA

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RATIONALE
25. Type of soil structure that is less erodible due to
its high infiltration rate and strong aggregate
stability
a. Massive
b. Crumb
c. Platy
d. Loam

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RATIONALE
24. Soil fertility is the ability of the soil to supply
nutrients in
a. Massive- poor infiltration, structureless
a. Sufficient and balanced amount b. Crumb- high infiltration rate
b. Amounts above the optimum c. Platy- poor infiltration
c. Readily available forms
d. Loam- not a soil structure
d. All of the choices

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RATIONALE
26. Which of the following manures contain the
highest amount of Nitrogen
Soil Fertility
- ability of the soil to provide all the essential a. Bat
b. Cattle
plant nutrients in available form and in a
c. Goat
sustainable balance d. Sheep

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RATIONALE
28. The process by which available Nitrogen is
reconverted to organic Nitrogen by soil
organisms
a. Ammonium fixation
b. Nitrification
c. Denitrification
d. Immobilization

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27. What do you expect when you increase OM of
the soil

a. Decrease in the amount of N to apply

b. Increase in the amount of N to apply
c. No change in the amount of N to apply
d. None of the choices

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RATIONALE
29. The percent water remaining in soil 2 to 3 days
after its having been saturated and after free
drainage has practically ceased
OM serves as a reservior/source of nutrients a. PWP
b. Hygroscopic Coefficient
c. Plant Available Water
d. FC

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RATIONALE
31. A fertilizer that contains all of the three fertilizer
nutrient, N-P-K is termed _______ fertilizer

a. Simple
b. Complete
c. Straight
d. Compound

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RATIONALE
30. This soil category defines largely on the basis
of physical and mineralogical properties a. Simple- supply only one nutrient element
importance to plant growth b. Complete- contains the three main plant nutrients:
a. Great group nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K),
b. Family c. Straight – same with simple
c. Subgroup d. Compound-result from intentional mixing of two or more
d. Order nutrients in various percentage

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RATIONALE
32. Catabolism of organic S is carried out by

a. Soil Animals
b. Aspergillus spp.
c. Bacillus spp
d. All of the choices

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RATIONALE
34. A group of microorganisms which can fix
Catabolism- breakdown of complex molecules in living organisms to atmospheric N even without a host plant
form simpler ones, together with the release of energy
-destructive metabolism.
a. Associative
a. Soil Animals- heterotroph b. Symbiotic
b. Aspergillus spp. – heterotroph c. Free-living
c. Bacillus spp. – heterotroph d. None of the choices
d. All of the choices

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RATIONALE
33. The biochemical oxidation of ammonium to
nitrate, predominantly by autotrophic bacteria

a. Denitrification
b. Ammonium fixation
c. Nitrification
d. Immobilization

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RATIONALE
35. Bio-N is a biofertilizer which enhances shoot
growth and root development of host crop and
makes the plants resistant to drought and pest
attack. Bio-N was developed by
a. Dr. Mercedes Umali-Garcia
b. Dr. Bayani Espiritu
c. Dr. Reynaldo Ebora
d. Dr. Ida Dalmacio

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RATIONALE
37. When nutrients dissolved in water are
transported to the root surface, the mechanism
is
a. Mass flow
b. Diffusion
c. Contact
d. Root interception

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RATIONALE
36. The predominant available for of N in a corn
field is

a. Ammonium N
b. Nitrate N
c. Nitrite N
d. Fixed N

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RATIONALE
38. Nutrient antagonism means that reduced
availability or absorption of a nutrient, it happen
when
a. When another nutrient is deficient
b. When another nutrient is excessive
c. When another nutrient is in qual amount
d. None of the choices

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RATIONALE
40. Most of the N in the soil solid fraction of the soil
is in the form of

a. Ammonium N
b. Nitrate N
c. Organic N
d. Fixed N

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RATIONALE
39. Soils with high buffering capacity are generally
those which

a. Sandy soil with low OM

b. Sandy soil with high OM
c. Clayey soil with low OM
d. Clayey soil with high OM

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RATIONALE
41. The available form of nitrogen which
predominates under upland condition is

a. Ammonium N
b. Nitrate N
c. Microbial N
d. Fixed N

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RATIONALE
43. Under strongly acid soil conditions,
Phosphorus is usually complexed into
unavailable form as
a. Tricalcium phosphate
b. Al and Fe hydroxyphosphate
c. Zn pohosphate
d. All of the choices

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RATIONALE
42. Plowing a hectare with an animal-drawn
moldboard plow require how many kilometers
of walking?
Al3+ + H2PO4- + 2H2O → AlH2PO4(OH)2 + 2H+
a. 70 km
b. 100 km Fe3+ + H2PO4- + 2H2O → FeH2PO4(OH)2 + 2H+
c. 120 km
d. 130 km

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RATIONALE
44. Gaseous loss of Nitrogen in alkaline soil
TRIVIA
For a 15 cm plough, a person may walk about 67 km to
cover a 1-hectare area. At a walking speed of 1.5 km/h, the a. Volatilization
human energy expenditure amounts to 21 kJ/min (about 5.6 b. Denitrification
× 104 kJ per ha). c. Ammonification
-Encylopedia of Occupational Health and Safety d. Nitrification

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RATIONALE
46. The process of N transformation in anaerobic
paddy soils whereby N is lost as gaseous N2,
NO and N20.
a. Immobilization
b. Nitrification
c. Ammonium Fixation
d. Denitrification

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RATIONALE
45. Basic properties described in a soil profile

a. Texture, Bulk Density, Consistency

b. CEC, OM Content, BS, BD
c. Color, Texture, Stoniness, Structure
d. Plasticity, Structure, Consistency

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RATIONALE
47. The biochemical reduction of nitrate or nitrite to
a. Texture, Bulk Density, Consistency – needs equipment gaseous nitrogen
and specific lab protocol
b. CEC, OM Content, BS, BD - needs equipment and
specific lab protocol a. Immobilization
c. Color, Texture, Stoniness, Structure – can be b. Nitrification
identified in the field using simple procedures/tools c. Ammonium Fixation
d. Plasticity, Structure, Consistency - needs equipment d. Denitrification
and specific lab protocol
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RATIONALE
49. The milliequivalent weight of Ca2+ is

a. 0.02 g
b. 20 mg
c. 2x10^-5 kg
d. All of the choices

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48. The reduced form of Sulfur when Sulfur is
subjected to anaerobic conditions in paddy
soils
a. 0.02 g (40/(2*1000)= 0.02 g
a. Hydrogen sulfide
b. 20 mg (0.02 g * 1000 mg/g)
b. Hydrogen sulfate
c. Hydrogen sulfate c. 2x10^-5 kg (0.02 g / kg/1000g)
d. Hidrogen disulfate d. All of the choices

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RATIONALE
50. Symbiotic association of algae and fungi is
termed as

a. Lichen
b. Humin
c. Nodule
d. Symbiosis

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RATIONALE
52. A soil with a pH 6.0 has H+ ion concentration of
______ moles / liter

a. 0.00001
b. 0.000001
c. 0.0001
d. 0.00000001

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51. When nutrients are mobile, deficiency
symptoms will be observed first in
pH= -log(H+)
= -log(1x10^-6)
a. Young leaves.
=6
b. Old leaves
c. Stem
d. Scenescent leaves

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53. Aside from neutralizing soil acidity, lime like
CaC03 may also

a. Improve soil structure

b. Improve soil texture
c. Decrease soil pH
d. B and C

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a. Improve soil structure- improved aggregation

a. Texture – relatively permanent
because of Ca2+
b. Primary particles- refers to soil separates
b. Improve soil texture – relatively permanent property
c. Soil separates – sand, silt and clay particles
c. Decrease soil pH- application of lime increase pH
d. Structure- OM promotes soil aggregation
(near desired level, overliming should be avoided)
d. B and C

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54. The soil physical property that is enhanced by 55. A soil that is fertile is
addition of OM
a. Necessarily productive
b. Not necessarily productive
a. Texture
c. Always productive
b. Primary particles
d. None of the choices
c. Soil separates
d. Structure

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RATIONALE RATIONALE

All Productive Soils are Fertile, But not all

Fertile Soils are Productive

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RATIONALE
56. Once a soil has been placed under cultivation,
its organic matter content usually
a. Immobilization- conversion from mi8neral to organic form
a. Increases
b. Decomposition – respiration
b. Decreases
c. Volatilization – gaseous escape of NH3 and other gases
c. Relatively unchanged
d. N fixation – conversion of N2 to NH3 thru the aid of Rhyzobia
d. Random change

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RATIONALE RATIONALE

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57. Process taking place in the soil which is source 58. Nitrification carried out by autotrophic bacteria
of energy and carbon for the soil microflora is not affected by which of the following?
a. Immobilization a. pH
b. Decomposition b. Temperature
c. Volatilization c. Oxygen supply
d. N fixation d. Soil OM

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60. Continuous flooding such as waterlogged
a. pH- direct, optimum pH of nitrifying microorganisms lowland rice, soils causes reduction of soils
b. Temperature- direct, optimum temperature for nitrifying which decreases the availability of these
microorganisms essential elements
c. Oxygen supply- direct, the process requires O2 a. S
d. Soil OM- indirect, increase in OM increases soil b. P
respiration rates, thus limiting the O2 available for c. Mn
nitrification d. All of the choices

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RATIONALE
59. Soil microorganism that degrade carbon-
containing pesticides are considered a. S- decreased availability, S undergoes reduction to
H2S
a. Autotrophs
b. P- increased availaility, due to self liming effect,
b. Heterotrophs
increase in water-soluble P
c. Phototrophs
c. Mn- increased availability, reduction of Mn(IV) oxides
d. Photoautotrophs
to Mn(II) ions or carbonates
d. All of the choices

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61. Iron oxide mineral that contribute red color of
a. Autotrophs- capable of forming organic substances using
simple inorganic substances, and using photosynthesis or
many soils
chemosynthesis as the source of energy a. Chlorite
b. Heterotrophs – acquire nutrients by absorbing dissolved
b. Fluoroapatite
molecules from preformed organic materials/substances
c. Goethite
c. Phototrophs – same with autotropgh, but with emphasis on
light as the source of energy d. Hematite
d. Photoautotrophs – conjunction of the words, photroph and
autotroph
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63. Which of the following process is not mediated
a. Chlorite - green by soil microorganisms?
b. Fluoroapatite (Ca5(PO4)3F) - green, brown,
a. N mineralization
colorless
b. P immobilization
c. Goethite (FeO2H) - brown c. K leaching
d. Hematite (Fe2O3) - Red to reddish brown d. S oxidation

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62. A soil with a bulk density of 1.3 g / cm2 and a
particle density of 2.6 g/ cm2 will have this a. N mineralization- decomposition of OM by microorganisms
porosity b. P immobilization- microbial assimilation of available
a. 50% phosphorus in the soil, and incorporation in various cellular
b. 60% structures
c. 70% c. K leaching- removal of K thru percolating water
d. 80% d. S oxidation- oxidation of S by microorganisms to produce
energy

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RATIONALE
64. Which among these processes does not
contribute to the development of soil acidity?
%PS= [1-(BD/PD)*100
=[1-(1.3/2.6]*100 a. Volatilization
=(1-0.50)*100 b. Leaching
c. Nitrification
=50% d. Application of NH4+ fertilizer

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66. Nutrient enrichment of lakes and other bodies
of water that stimulate the growth of aquatic
a. Volatilization – gaseous release of NH3 (no effect in pH) organism which leads to deficiency of oxygen in
b. Leaching- leaching of exchangeable bases, affect pH
the water body.
c. Nitrification- produces H+ in the process, contributes to soil
a. Algal bloom
acidity
b. Red tide
d. Application of NH4+ fertilizer- NH4+ undergo nitrification
c. Eutrophication
d. Salinization

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RATIONALE
65. Soil with > 30%clay to 50 cm, cracks > 1 cm
wide at 50 cm, have gilgai, slikenslides and, a. Algal bloom- algae grow excessively in a body of water
wedge-shaped peds b. Red tide – common name for algal blooms
a. Vertisol c. Eutrophication - excessive richness of nutrients
b. Mollisol bodies of water which causes a dense growth of plant life
c. Incepotisol and death of animal life from lack of oxygen.
d. Alfisol d. Salinization- increase of salt concentration

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RATIONALE
67. Of the essential elements these are not
a. Vertisol- very clayey soils that shrink and crack when dry and absorbed in ionic forms
expand when wet
b. Mollisol- very dark-colored, naturally very fertile soils of
a. N, P, K
grasslands
c. Incepotisol- youthful soils with a weak, but noticeable, degree of
b. Ca, Mg, S
profile development. c. C, H, O
d. Alfisol- naturally fertile soils with high base saturation and a clay- d. All of the choices
enriched subsoil horizon

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RATIONALE RATIONALE

a. Leibig’s – law of minima

b. Stokes’ – law of sedimentation (v=kd^2)
c. USLE – for computation of annual soil loss (S=RKLSCP)
d. Mitscherlich’s

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68. The ______ equation which has the form dy/dx= 69. Sodic soils can be chemically amended by
(A-y)c graphically shows that addition of a treatment with CaS04.2H20 also called
liming nutrient increases yield but in decreasing
increments a. Calcite
a. Leibig’s b. Dolomite
b. Stokes’ c. Quicklime
c. USLE d. Gypsum
d. Mitscherlich’s

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RATIONALE RATIONALE

a. Calcite (CaCO3)
b. Dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2)
c. Quicklime (CaO)
d. Gypsum (CaSO4.2H2O)

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RATIONALE
70. Bio-N is a biofertilizer for Gramineae from this
genus of bacteria

a. Rhizobium ESP= (5/50)*100

b. Azospirillum =10%
c. Frankia
d. Bradyrhyzobium

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RATIONALE
72. If a soil adsorbed and contained 30me/ 100 gm
NH4+ and no other cations it has a CEC of
______me/ 100 gm
a. 27
b. 30
c. 45
d. 64

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RATIONALE
71. A soil with a CEC of 50 me/ 100 gm, 5 me/ 100
gm of which is Na, what is the ESP of the soil?
The soil contains 30me/ 100 gm NH4+ and no other
a. 25%
b. 10% cations
c. 20%
d. 50%

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RATIONALE
73. In nitrification, the first step results in the
conversion of ammonium to nitrite by a specific
group of autotrophic bacteria
a. Nitrosomonas
b. Nitrobacter
c. Azotobacter
d. Azospirillum

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RATIONALE
75. Non-symbiotic N2 fixing organisms in lowland
soil

a. Actinomycetes
b. Bacteria
c. Cyanobacteria
d. Fungi

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RATIONALE
74. Of the following, which is more available in the
soil under basic conditions a. Actinomycetes – associative/free-living,
aerobic/anaerobic
a. Phosphorus b. Bacteria- free living, too generic term
b. Nitrogen c. Cyanobacteria – free living, requires
c. Magnesium flooded/moist evironment
d. Iron d. Fungi – some species can perform n fixation, highly
aerobic

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RATIONALE
76. An element is considered essential if

a. It is taken up by the plant

b. It is involved in the metabolism of plants
c. It makes the plant greener
d. All of the choices

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RATIONALE
78. Major product of the biological transformation
of Nitrosomonas

a. Nitrite, hydrogen, energy

b. Nitrate, hydrogen, energy
c. Nitrite, sulfur, energy
d. Nitrate, sulfur, energy

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RATIONALE
77. Chelation makes elements like Fe,Cu , and Zn

a. Less available
b. More available
c. Unavailable
d. Fixes the element into insoluble compound

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RATIONALE
79. Soils with no diagnostic horizon
a. N fixation- from N2 to NH3, performed by
microorganisms
a. Entisol
b. Mineralization – from organic to inorganic form
b. Inceptisol
c. Immobilization – from inorganic to organic form
c. Alfisol
d. OM Decomposition –CO2 and CH4 and other
d. Vertisol
gases are produced

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RATIONALE
81. A method determining lime requirement of soils
that involves addition of increasing amounts of
a. Entisol- young soils with little or no profile development
b. Inceptisol - youthful soils with a weak, but noticeable, degree of 0.04N Ca(OH)2 solution to the soil samples
profile development. a. Veitch method
c. Alfisol - naturally fertile soils with high base saturation and a clay b. Exchangeable Al index
naturally fertile soils with high base saturation and a clay c. Soil Submergence
d. Vertisol- very clayey soils that shrink and crack when dry and d. CaCO3 incubation method
expand when wet.

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RATIONALE
80. Which of these processes contribute to global
warming? a. Veitch method- uses Ca(OH)2 solution
b. Exchangeable Al index- % CEC occupied by Al,
a. N fixation used as basis for lime recommendation
b. Mineralization c. Soil Submergence- self liming effect (not a
c. Immobilization method to determine lime req.)
d. OM Decomposition d. CaCO3 incubation method – uses CaCO3 (s)

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RATIONALE
82. Which of this C : N ratio of organic materials will
transform organic N to inorganic N, the fastest a. Increase water percolation- decrease or obstruct
percolation
a. 60:1 b. Destroy soil structure
b. 5:1 c. Modify soil structure – structure is destroyed, not
c. 40:1 modified
d. 20:1 d. Promote aeration – soil is saturated so air movement is
restricted

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RATIONALE
84. This is a mechanism of nutrient movement and
uptake due to concentration gradient

a. Mass flow
b. Contact diffusion
c. Root interception
d. Diffusion

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RATIONALE
83. In lowland rice production, land preparation
requires puddling of the soil in order to

a. Increase water percolation

b. Destroy soil structure
c. Modify soil structure
d. Promote aeration

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RATIONALE
85. If a 100 gm soil contains 5 me of K+, what is the
weight of this element in Kg/ ha

a. 790 kg/ha
b. 390 kg/ha
c. 3900 kg/ha
d. 7800 kg/ha

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RATIONALE
87. Soils in this category have the same color, texture,
consistency, thickness and reaction and have the
same number and arrangement of horizons and
Kg/ha= (no. Of me/100 g soil)*(m.e. Wt)* 2,000,000 kg
similar chemical and mineralogical properties
Kg/ha= no of me. * eq. Wt. * 20
= 5 * 39 * 20 a. Order
=3900 kg/ha b. Family
c. Great group
d. Series

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RATIONALE
86. What is the approximate volume composition of
a loam soil in a good tilt

a. 25% solid and 75% pore spaces

b. 30% solid and 70% pore spaces
c. 45% solid and 55% pore spaces
d. 50% solid and 50% pore spaces

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RATIONALE
88. What is the greatest advantage of no-plow
system of reduced tillage?

a. Greater yield
b. Reduced labor and operational cost
c. Less fertilizer required
d. Earlier date of planting

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RATIONALE
90. Organic fertilizers improves

a. Greater yield – technical

b. Reduced labor and operational cost –economic a. Texture
b. Structure
c. Less fertilizer required –technical
c. Both a and b
d. Earlier date of planting –technical d. None of the choices

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RATIONALE
89. Soil materials can not be moved or transported
by water unless they are
a. Texture- relatively permanent
a. Dispersed and detached b. Structure- OF as OM promotes soil aggregation
b. Dispersed and cultivated c. Both a and b
c. Dispersed and covered with mulch d. None of the choices
d. Dispersed and harrowed

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RATIONALE
91. Gravitational water is equal to

a. Field capacity minus permanent wilting point

b. Saturated moisture minus field capacity
c. Available water minus permanent wilting point
d. Permanent wilting point minus Hygroscopic coefficient

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RATIONALE
93. The immediate source of carbon by plants is

a. CO2 from air

b. CO2 from carbon minerals
c. C from OM
d. All of the choices

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92. The two major fertilizer nutrients usually fixed 94. Nitrification causes development of soil acidity
by clays are due to production of _______ ions
a. Nitrogen and Phosphorus a. Active acidity
b. Potassium and Phosphorus b. H+
c. Potassium and Nitrogen c. Reserved acidity
d. All of the choices d. Al3+

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RATIONALE
96. The minimum guarantee of a fertilizer material
in terms of % N, % P2O5 and % K2O is referred
as
a. Fertilizer rate
b. Fertilizer analysis
c. Fertilizer ratio
d. Filler

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RATIONALE
95. Tissue nutrient analysis is used to determine
the nutrient status of the plants. Correct a. Fertilizer rate – amount of nutrient to be applied,
sampling of tissues always give reliable results. reflected in the recommendation
b. Fertilizer analysis – same with fertilizer grade, %N,
The most common tissue used is
% P2O5, %K2O
a. Leaf
c. Fertilizer ratio- ratio of the individual nutrient grade to
b. Petiole
each other
c. Bark
d. Filler – material with no nutrition value, that is used to
d. Roots
achieve a particular nutrient t grade of a mixture
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RATIONALE
97. The advantage of organic fertilizer over
inorganic fertilizer is

a. Higher analysis
b. Immediate effect
c. More availability
d. Long-term effects

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RATIONALE
99. The element that most often limits the rate of
a. Higher analysis- OF, low analysis plant residue decay in soils
b. Immediate effect – OF, nutrients are not immediately used
c. More availability- OF, needs to be mineralized first
a. Oxygen
d. Long-term effects- improves physico-chemical
b. Carbon
properties of the soil and serve as nutrient reservoir, which
c. Nitrogen
has long-term effects
d. Phosphorus

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RATIONALE
98. soil acidity is due to the presence of Al+++ and
H+ ions in the soil. the hydrolysis of 1 mole of
Al+++ gives rise to ____ moles of H+ ions
a. 1
b. 3
c. 5
d. 7

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RATIONALE
100. This formative element indicates extreme
weathering
a. acr
b. luv
c. pell
d. rhod

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RATIONALE

a. acr- (Gr. – Akros, at the end) Extreme weathering

b. luv- (Gr. - louo, to wash) Illuvial
c. pell- (Gr. – pellos) Low chroma
d. Rhod- (Gr. - rhodon, rose) Dark red colors

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