Answer Key

Sail into Summer with Math!

For Students Entering

Investigations into Mathematics

This summer math booklet was developed to provide

students in kindergarten through the eighth grade an
opportunity to review grade level math objectives
and to improve math performance.

THIS IS NOT A REQUIRED ASSIGNMENT

 IM Summer Mathematics Packet
Table of Contents

Page Objective Suggested Completion Date

1 Rename Fractions, Decimals, and Percents. . . . . . . . . . . . . June 22nd
2 Fraction Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . June 25th
3 Multiply Fractions and Solve Proportions . . . . . . . . . . . . . June 29th
4 Add Mixed Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . July 6th
5 Subtract Mixed Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . July 9th
6 Multiply Mixed Numbers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . July 13th
7 Divide Mixed Numbers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . July 16th
8 Decimal Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . July 20th
9 Find Percent of a Number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . July 23rd
10 Solve Problems using Percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . August 3rd
11 Mean, Median, and Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . August 6th
12 Integers I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . August 13th
13 Integers II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . August 17th
14 Solving Equations I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . August 20th
15 Solving Equations II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .August 24th
 Summer Mathematics Packet

Rename Fractions, Percents, and Decimals

Hints/Guide:
3
To convert fractions into decimals, we start with a fraction, such as, and divide the numerator
5
(the top number of a fraction) by the denominator (the bottom number of a fraction). So:
6
5 | 3.0 3
- 30 and the fraction is equivalent to the decimal 0.6
5
0

To convert a decimal to a percent, we multiply the decimal by 100 (percent means a ratio of a
number compared to 100). A short-cut is sometimes used of moving the decimal point two
places to the right (which is equivalent to multiplying a decimal by 100, so 0.6 x 100 = 60 and
3
= 0.6 = 60%
5
To convert a percent to a decimal, we divide the percent by 100, 60% ÷ 100 = 0.6 so 60% = 0.6
To convert a fraction into a percent, we can use a proportion to solve,
3 x
= , so 5x = 300 which means that x = 60 = 60%
5 100

Exercises: No Calculators!

Rename each fraction as a decimal:

1.
1
5
= 0.2 2.
3
4
= 0.75 3.
1
2
= 0.5
1 8 2
4.
3
=
0.3333... 5.
10
= 0.8 6.
3
=
0.6666....
Rename each fraction as a percent:

1 3 1
7. 8. 9.
5
=
20% 4
=
75% 2
=
50%
1 8 2
10. = 11. = 12. =
3
33.33...% 10
80% 3 66.66....%
Rename each percent as a decimal:

13. 8% = 0.08 14. 60% = 0.6 15. 11% = 0.11

16. 12% = 0.12 17. 40% = 0.4 18. 95% =
0.95
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 Summer Mathematics Packet

Fraction Operations
Hints/Guide:

When adding and subtracting fractions, we need to be sure that each fraction has the same
denominator, then add or subtract the numerators together. For example:
1 3 1 6 1+ 6 7
+ = + = =
8 4 8 8 8 8

That was easy because it was easy to see what the new denominator should be, but what about if
7 8
it is not so apparent? For example: +
12 15

For this example we must find the Lowest Common Denominator (LCM) for the two
denominators. 12 and 15
12 = 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, ....
15 = 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105, .....
LCM (12, 15) = 60
7 8 35 32 35 + 32 67 7
So, + = + = = =1 Note: Be sure answers are in lowest terms
12 15 60 60 60 60 60

To multiply fractions, we multiply the numerators together and the denominators together, and
then simplify the product. To divide fractions, we find the reciprocal of the second fraction (flip
the numerator and the denominator) and then multiply the two together. For example:
2 1 2 1 2 3 2 4 8
• = = and ÷ = • =
3 4 12 6 3 4 3 3 9

Exercises: Perform the indicated operation: No calculators!

SHOW ALL WORK. Use a separate sheet of paper (if necessary) and staple to this page.

1 3 6 2 2 8
1. + = 2. + = 3. + =
4 5 7 3 5 9

3 2 2 2 9 2
4. ! = 5. ! = 6. ! =
4 3 5 9 11 5

1 2 3 3 7 2
7. • = 8. • = 9. • =
3 3 4 5 8 5

3 3 1 1 7 3
10. ÷ = 11. ÷ = 12. ÷ =
8 4 4 4 11 5

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 Summer Mathematics Packet

Multiply Fractions and Solve Proportions

Hints/Guide:

To solve problems involving multiplying fractions and whole numbers, we must first place a one
under the whole number, then multiply the numerators together and the denominators together.
Then we simplify the answer:
6 6 4 24 3
•4 = • = =3
7 7 1 7 7

To solve proportions, one method is to determine the multiplying factor of the two equal ratios.
For example:
4 24 4 24
= since 4 is multiplied by 6 to get 24, we multiply 9 by 6, so = .
9 x 9 54

Since the numerator of the fraction on the right must be multiplied by 6 to get the numerator on
the left, then we must multiply the denominator of 9 by 6 to get the missing denominator, which
must be 54.

Exercises: Solve (For problems 8 - 15, solve for N): No Calculators!

SHOW ALL WORK. Use a separate sheet of paper (if necessary) and staple to this page.

3 1 1
1. 4 • = 2. •7 = 3. 8 • =
4 5 5

3 4 2
4. 6 • = 5. •4 = 6. •6 =
7 5 3

1 1 n 3 12
7. 7 • = 8. = 9. =
4 5 20 n 28

1 5 n 3 3 12
10. = 11. = 12. =
n 25 4 12 7 n

n 12 2 18 2 n
13. = 14. = 15. =
9 27 3 n 7 21

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 Summer Mathematics Packet

Add Mixed Numbers

Hints/Guide:

When adding mixed numbers, we add the whole numbers and the fractions separately, then
simplify the answer. For example:
1 8
4 =4
3 24 First, we convert the fractions to have the
6 18 same denominator, then add the fractions
+2 =2
8 24 and add the whole numbers. If needed, we
26 2 2 1 then simplify the answer.
6 =6+1 =7 =7
24 24 24 12

Exercises: Solve in lowest terms: No Calculators!

SHOW ALL WORK. Use a separate sheet of paper (if necessary) and staple to this page.

1 8 3
2 3 3
4 15 5
1. 2. 3.
1 1 1
+8 +7 +5
2 3 2

3 3 5
5 7 5
8 7 9
4. 5. 6.
1 1 1
+4 +6 +1
4 2 3

1 2 2
4 1 1
3 3 9
7. 8. 9.
1 1 2
+6 +6 +5
4 4 3

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 Summer Mathematics Packet

Subtract Mixed Numbers

Hints/Guide:

When subtracting mixed numbers, we subtract the whole numbers and the fractions separately,
then simplify the answer. For example:

3 18
7 = 7 First, we convert the fractions to have the same
4 24
15 15 denominator, then subtract the fractions and
-2 =2 subtract the whole numbers. If needed, we then
24 24
simplify the answer.
3 1
5 =5
24 8

Exercises: Solve in lowest terms: No Calculators!

SHOW ALL WORK. Use a separate sheet of paper (if necessary) and staple to this page.

1 3 2
4 6 9
3 4 3
1. 2. 3.
1 2 1
!2 ! !6
4 3 4

3 1 1
6 7 3
4 2 2
4. 5. 6.
1 1 3
!5 !3 !2
5 4 10

1 1 5
8 8 8
2 3 8
7. 8. 9.
7 5 3
!4 !5 !6
10 6 4

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 Summer Mathematics Packet

Multiply Mixed Numbers

Hints/Guide:

To multiply mixed numbers, we first convert the mixed numbers into improper fractions. This is
done by multiplying the denominator by the whole number part of the mixed number and then
adding the numerator to this product, and this is the numerator of the improper fraction. The
denominator of the improper fraction is the same as the denominator of the mixed number. For
example:
2 2 17
3 leads to 3 • 5 + 2 = 17 so 3 =
5 5 5
Once the mixed numbers are converted into improper fractions, we multiply and simplify just as
with regular fractions. For example:
1 1 26 7 182 2 1
5 •3 = • = = 18 = 18
5 2 5 2 10 10 5

Exercises: Solve and place your answer in lowest terms: No Calculators!

SHOW ALL WORK. Use a separate sheet of paper (if necessary) and staple to this page.

1 1 2 1 1 3
1. 3 • 4 = 2. 2 • 1 = 3. 1 • 4 =
3 2 3 4 9 5

3 1 1 4 2 3
4. 4 • 1 = 5. 3 • 6 = 6. 6 • 7 =
4 5 3 5 3 7

4 2 2 2 1 1
7. 1 • 1 = 8. 2 • 4 = 9. 4 • 1 =
5 3 5 7 3 8

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 Summer Mathematics Packet

Divide Mixed Numbers

Hints/Guide:

To divide mixed numbers, we must first convert to improper fractions using the technique shown
in multiplying mixed numbers. Once we have converted to improper fractions, the process is the
same as dividing regular fractions. For example:
1 1 5 10 5 3 15 3 1 2 7 26 7 3 21
2 ÷3 = ÷ = • = = 3 ÷8 = ÷ = • =
2 3 2 3 2 10 20 4 2 3 2 3 2 26 52

Exercises: Solve and place your answer in lowest terms: No Calculators!

SHOW ALL WORK. Use a separate sheet of paper (if necessary) and staple to this page.

1 2 1 2 1 2
1. 1 ÷ 4 = 2. 6 ÷ 4 = 3. 5 ÷ 6 =
5 5 2 3 2 3

8 3 2 3 4 4
4. ÷2 = 5. 3 ÷ 4 = 6. 4 ÷ =
9 5 3 7 7 9

1 2 1 5 4 3
7. 6 ÷ 8 = 8. 4 ÷ = 9. 6 ÷ 3 =
5 5 4 7 7 5

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 Summer Mathematics Packet

Decimal Operations
Hints/Guide:

When adding and subtracting decimals, the key is to line up the decimals above each other, add
zeros so all of the numbers have the same place value length, then use the same rules as adding
and subtracting whole numbers, with the answer having a decimal point in line with the problem.
For example:
34.5 34.500
34.5 + 6.72 + 9.045 = 6.72 = 6.720 AND 5 - 3.25 = 5.00
+ 9.045 + 9.045 - 3.25
50.265 1.75

To multiply decimals, the rules are the same as with multiplying whole numbers, until the
product is determined and the decimal point must be located. The decimal point is placed the
same number of digits in from the right of the product as the number of decimal place values in
the numbers being multiplied. For example:
8.54 x 17.2, since 854 x 172 = 146888, then we count the number of decimal places in
the numbers being multiplied, which is three, so the final product is 146.888 (the decimal
point comes three places in from the right).

To divide decimals by a whole number, the process of division is the same, but the decimal point
is brought straight up from the dividend into the quotient. For example:
17.02
3 | 51.06 The decimal point moves straight up from the dividend to the quotient.

Exercises: Solve: No Calculators!

SHOW ALL WORK. Use a separate sheet of paper (if necessary) and staple to this page.

1. 15.7 + 2.34 + 5.06 = 23.1 2. 64.038 + 164.8 + 15.7 = 244.538

3. 87.4 - 56.09 = 31.31 4. 5.908 - 4.72 = 1.188
5. 68.9 - 24.74 = 44.16 6. 955.3 - 242.7 = 712.6

7. 63 8. .87 9. 8.94 10. 4.2

x .14 x 2.3 x 2.1 x .62
252 261 894 84
63
___ 174
_____ 1788
______ 252
_____
8.82 2.001 18.774 2.604

2.01 3.69 3.256

11. 35 70.35 12. 7 25.83 13. 14 45.584
70
____ 21 42
035 48 35
42 28
__
35
63 78
0 63 70
0 84
84
0
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 Summer Mathematics Packet

Find Percent of a Number

Hints/Guide:

To determine the percent of a number, we must first convert the percent into a decimal by
dividing by 100 (which can be short-cut as moving the decimal point in the percentage two
places to the left), then multiplying the decimal by the number. For example:
45% of 240 = 45% x 240 = 0.45 x 240 = 108

Exercises: Solve for n: No Calculators!

SHOW ALL WORK. Use a separate sheet of paper (if necessary) and staple to this page.

1. 30% of 450 = n 2. 7% of 42 = n

.3 x 450 = 135 .07 x 42 = 2.94

3. 10% of 321 = n 4. 15% of 54 = n

.1 x 321 = 32.1 .15 x 54 = 8.1

5. 65% of 320 = n 6. 80% of 64 = n

.65 x 320 = 208 .8 x 64 = 51.2

7. 9% of 568 = n 8. 15% of 38 = n

.09 x 568 = 51.12 .15 x 38 = 5.7

9. 25% of 348 = n 10. 85% of 488 = n

.25 x 348 = 87 .85 x 488 = 414.8

11. 90% of 750 = n 12. 6% of 42 = n

.9 x 750 = 675 .06 x 42 = 2.52

13. 60% of 78 = n 14. 4% of 480 = n

.6 x 78 = 46.8 .04 x 480 = 19.2

15. 10% of 435 = n 16. 24% of 54 = n

.1 x 435 = 43.5 .24 x 54 = 12.96

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 Summer Mathematics Packet

Solve Problems using Percent

Hints/Guide:

When solving percent problems, we apply the rules for finding percent of a number in realistic
situations. For example, to find the amount of sales tax on a $450.00 item if the tax rate is 5%,
we find 5% of 450 (.05 x 450 = 22.5), and then label our answer in dollars, getting $22.50.

Exercises: No Calculators!
SHOW ALL WORK. Use a separate sheet of paper (if necessary) and staple to this page.

1. Susie has just bought a pair of jeans for $45.00, a sweater for $24.00, and a jacket for
$85.00. The sales tax is 5%. What is her total bill?
45+24+85=$154 before tax 154 + 7.70 = $161.70 total bill
.05 x 154 = $7.70 tax
2. Jack bought a set of golf clubs for $250.00 and received a rebate of 20%. How much
was the rebate?
250 x .20 = $50 rebate

3. A construction manager calculates it will cost $2,890 for materials for her next
project. She must add in 10% for scrap and extras. What will be the total cost?
2890 x .10 = $289 added 2890 +289 = $3,179 total cost

4. The regular price for a video game system is $164.50 but is on sale for 30% off.
What is the amount of the discount?
164.5 x .3 = $49.35 discount
What is the sale price?
164.50 - 49.35 = $115.15 sale price
5. Cindy earns a 15% commission on all sales. On Saturday, she sold $980 worth of
merchandise. What was the amount of commission she earned on Saturday?

980 x .15 = $147 commission

6. The band had a fundraiser and sold $25,000 worth of candy. They received 40% of
this amount for themselves. How much did they receive?

25000 x .4 = $10,000 received

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 Summer Mathematics Packet

Mean, Median, and Mode

Hints/Guide:

We need to define some terms to solve problems involving mean, median, and mode. Mean is
the sum of the numbers being considered divided by the total number of numbers being
considered (also called "average"). Median is the number in the middle of the data set after the
numbers have been placed in order from least to greatest. If there is an even number of elements,
the median is the mean of the two numbers in the middle of the data set. The mode is the
number or numbers that occur most frequently in a data set. For example, with the data set of 56,
62, 67, 45, 81, 76:
Mean is 56 + 62 + 67 + 45 + 81 + 76 = 387 and 387 ÷ 6 = 64.5, so the mean is 64.5
Median is (in order the data is 45, 56, 62, 67, 76, 81) the mean of 62 and 67, which is (62
+ 67 = 129 and 129 ÷ 2 = 64.5) also 64.5.
There is no mode, because no number occurs more than once.

Exercises:
SHOW ALL WORK. Use a separate sheet of paper (if necessary) and staple to this page.

Find the mean, median, and mode of each of the following data sets:

1. 54, 65, 74, 35, 87 2. 54.6, 45.98, 67.4, 55.6, 45.7, 58.9
35 54 65 74 87 45.7, 45.98, 54.6, 55.6, 58.9, 67.4
mean=63 median=65 no mode
mean=54.7 median=(54.6+55.6)/2=55.1 no mode
3. 122, 145, 156, 176, 198, 202 4. 11, 14, 16, 15, 32, 23, 27, 27, 23, 43
11, 14, 15, 16, 23, 23, 27, 27, 32, 43
mean=166.5 median=(156+176)/2=166 no mode
mean=23.1 median=23 mode=23 and 27
5. 6, 7, 8, 4, 6, 5, 8, 3, 6, 8, 5, 4 6. -4, 7, -3, 4, 8, 12, -5, -3, 8, 16, 9
3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 7, 8, 8, 8 -5, -4, -3, -3, 4, 7, 8, 8, 9, 12, 16
mean=5.83 median=6 mode=6 and 8 mean=4.45 median=7 mode=-3 and 8
7. 43, 56, 98, 67, 87 8. 12, 15, 14, 18, 33, 32, 24, 26, 27
43, 56, 67, 87, 98 12, 14, 15, 18, 24, 26, 27, 32, 33
mean=70.2 median=67 no mode mean=22.3 median=24 no mode
9. 13.2, 17.6, 18.34, 12.54, 17.4, 15.8, 13.7, 17.6
12.54, 13.2, 13.7, 15.8, 17.4, 17.6, 17.6, 18.34
mean=15.8 median=(15.8+17.4)/2=16.6 mode=17.6
10. Write a data set that has 5 numbers with a mean of 84 and a median of 86.
84x5=420 so the 5 numbers must add to 420
a+b+c+d=334 a and b <86 c and d>86
a, b, 86, c, d

answers will vary

50, 60, 86, 100, 124

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 Summer Mathematics Packet

Integers I
Hints/Guide:

To add integers with the same sign (both positive or both negative), add their absolute values and
use the same sign. To add integers of opposite signs, find the difference of their absolute values
and then take the sign of the larger absolute value.

To subtract integers, add its additive inverse.

For example 6 - 11 = a becomes 6 + -11 = a and solves as -5 = a.

Exercises: Solve the following problems: No Calculators!

1. 6 + (-7) = -1 2. (-4) + (-5) = -9 3. 6 + (-9) = -3

4. (-6) - 7 = -13 5. 6 - (-6) = 12 6. 7 - (-9) = 16

7. 5 + (-8) = -3 8. -15 + 8 = -7 9. 14 + (-4) = 10

10. -9 - (-2) = -7 11. -7 - 6 = -13 12. -8 - (-19) = 11

13. 29 - 16 + (-5) = 8 14. -15 + 8 - (-19) = 12

15. 45 - (-13) + (-14) = 16. -15 - 6 - 9 = -30

44

17. -7 + (-6) - 7 = -20 18. 29 - 56 - 78 = -105

19. 17 + (-7) - (-5) = 15 20. 45 - (-9) + 5 = 59

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 Summer Mathematics Packet

Integers II
Hints/Guide:

The rules for multiplying integers are:

Positive x Positive = Positive Negative x Negative = Positive
Positive x Negative = Negative Negative x Positive = Negative
The rules for dividing integers are the same as multiplying integers.

Exercises: Solve the following problems: No Calculators!

1. 4 • (-3) = -12 2. (-12) • (-4) = 3. (-8)(-3) =

48 24

! 14 28 ! 36
4. 5. 6.
! 4 -7
= = = 6
2 -7 !6

7. 6 (-5) = -30 8. 8 (-4 - 6) = -80 9. -6 (9 - 11) = 12

(!5)(!6) 6(!4) -3 ! 56
10. = -15 11. = 12. = -7
!2 8 23

! 6 ! (!8) -1 4 + (!6)
13. = 14. ! 7 + = -6
!2 !2

15. 45 - 4 (5 - (-3)) = 13 16. (-4 + 7) (-5 + 3) = -6

4 + ( ! 6) ! 5 ! 3
17. 16 - (-3) (-7 + 5) = 10 18. = 5
!6+4

19. (!2)3 (!5 ! (!6)) = -8 20. 13 (-9 + 7) + 4 = -22

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 Summer Mathematics Packet

Solving Equations I
Hints/Guide:

The key in equation solving is to isolate the variable, to get the letter by itself. In one-step
equations, we merely undo the operation - addition is the opposite of subtraction and
multiplication is the opposite of division. Remember the golden rule of equation solving: If we
do something to one side of the equation, we must do the exact same thing to the other side.
Examples:
1. x + 5 = 6 2. t - 6 = 7
-5 -5 +6 +6
x=1 t = 13
Check: 1 + 5 = 6 Check: 13 - 6 = 7
6=6 7=7
r
3. 4x = 16 4. 6 • 6 = 12 • 6
4 4
x=4 r = 72
Check: 4 (4) = 16 Check: 72 ÷ 6 = 12
16 = 16 12 = 12

Exercises: Solve the following problems: No Calculators!

SHOW ALL WORK. Use a separate sheet of paper (if necessary) and staple to this page.

1. x + 8 = 13 2. t - 9 = 4 3. __ __
4t = -12
-8 -8
+9 +9 4 4
x=5
t = 13 t = -3

r
4. = 24 5. y - 4 = 3 6. h + 8 = 5
4
x4 x4 -8 -8
+4 +4
h = -3
r = 96
y=7

p
7. = !16 8. -5k
__ = 20
__ 9. 9 - p = 17
8
x8 x8 -5 -5 -9 -9

k = -4 -p = 8
p = -128
p = -8

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 Summer Mathematics Packet

Solving Equations II
Hints/Guide:

The key in equation solving is to isolate the variable, to get the letter by itself. In two-step
equations, we must undo addition and subtraction first, then multiplication and division.
Remember the golden rule of equation solving: If we do something to one side of the equation,
we must do the exact same thing to the other side. Examples:
x
1. 4x - 6 = -14 2. ! 4 = !8
!6
+6 +6 +4 +4
4x = -8
x
4 4 -6 • = !4 • -6
!6
x = -2
Solve: 4 (-2) - 6 = -14 x = 24
-8 - 6 = -14 Solve: (24/-6) - 4 = -8
-14 = -14 -4 - 4 = -8
-8 = -8

Exercises: Solve the following problems: No Calculators!

SHOW ALL WORK. Use a separate sheet of paper (if necessary) and staple to this page.

m
1. 4t - 6 = 22 2. + 6 = !4 3. -4r + 5 = 25
!5
+6 +6 -6 -6 -5 -5
4t = 28
__ __
m = -10 -4r
__ = 20
__
4 4 -5
x -5 x -5 -4 -4
t=7
m = 50
r = -5

x y
4. !7 = 6 5. 5g + 3 = -12 6. + (!4) = 8
3 !2
+7 +7 -3 -3
+4 +4
x = 13
3 __ __
5g = -15 y
__
5 5 = 12
x3 x3 -2
x -2 x -2
x = 39 g = -3
y = -24

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