Module-II
Word Analogy
Objectives: Students would develop ability to
1. Use same words in different contexts.
2. Identify the type of word analogy in a given set of words.
VOCABULARY: Vocabulary, also known as a word stock, is a set of words in a language.
Vocabulary, usually acquired with age, serves as a useful and fundamental tool
for communication. The penchant for extensive vocabulary is one of the biggest challenges.
The challenges are:
1. Lack of reading habit.
2. Learners’ attitude
3. Limited opportunities
4. Cultural influence
In English language same words are used with different context and different words are used
with the same meaning. These words enrich vocabulary and are different from Homophones,
Homonyms and Homographs.
Same words with different meanings:
There are many words that spell the same but differ in meaning according to usage. Based on the
usage and functions, these words convey different meaning.
Examples:
Squash: (Verb) to crush or squeeze something, to suppress
(Noun) concentrated juice of fruits, a game
Novel: (Noun) a fiction (book).
(Adjective) something new or original.
Refuse: (Noun) garbage, rubbish, trash
(Verb) to decline, reject
Contract: (Noun) a written or verbal agreement
(Verb) shrink, enter into a formal settlement
Activity: Write ten words with different meaning and use them in sentences.
Different words with same meaning.
Examples
advance, approach, arrive, near, reach: Come
depart, disappear, move, proceed, recede, travel: Go
escape, flee, hasten, rush, outflow, seepage, leak, spurt, emit: Run
dash, urgent, accelerate, bustle, commotion, flurry: Hurry
conceal, cover, mask, cloak, camouflage, shroud, secret, shield: Hide
execute, enact, carry out, ensure, organize, undertake, accomplish: Do
possess, own, contain, acquire, hold: Have
utilize, exhaust, spend, consume, operate, employ: Use
acquire, obtain, procure, gain, earn, beget, capture, develop: Get
hold, retain, withhold, preserve, maintain, control: Keep
Activity:
Write twenty different words with the same meaning.
WORD ANALOGY:
Analogy is a similarity between person and profession, worker and tools, worker and article,
time and sequence, cause and effect, class and species etc. Verbal analogy draws a similarity or
differences between one pair of words and another pair of words.
Different types of Relationships
1. Worker and Tool
Ex: Woodcutter: Axe :: Soldier: Gun
Author: Pen :: Astronomer: _____________
Doctor : Stethoscope :: Farmer : _____________
Barber: Scissors :: Butcher: ________________
Tailor : Tape:: Surgeon:__________________
Painter : Brush :: Sculptor: __________________
2. Species and Type
Butterfly : Monarch ::cobra: _______________________
shallot : onion :: legume : _______________________
Eider : duck :: cedar : _______________________
Moccasin : snake :: dog : _____________________
Sugarcane : molasses :: grapes : _______________________
3 Sequence
Arrange the words given below in a meaningful sequence.
1. a. Word b.Paragraph c.Sentence d.Letters e.Phrase
i) dabce ii) daebc iii) dacbe iv) daecb
2. a.Tree b.Seed c.Flower d.Fruit e.Plant
i) bedac ii) beacd iii) edbca iv) becda
3. a.Yarn b.Plant c.Saree d.Cotton e.Cloth
i) bdeac ii) bdcea iii) bdaec iv) bacde
4. a.Wall b.Clay c.House d.Room e.Bricks
i) bedca ii) becad iii) bdaec iv) beadc
5. a. Interview b. Appointment c. Selection d. Application e. Advertisement
i) edcab ii) edacb iii) edbac iv) edabc
4 Cause and Effect
1. Earthquake is to Tsunami as heavy rain is to ________________
a) Flood b) Hurricane c) Miserable d) River
2. Sunrise is to dawn as sunset is to ____________________
a) Beautiful b) Orange c) Night d) Dusk
3. Heat is to melt as cold is to ________________
a) Chilly b) Ice cream c) Skating d) Freeze
4. Virus is to cold as bacteria is to ______________
a) influenza b) fever c) infections d) diarrhea
5. Careless is to accident as careful is to ____________________
a) Mistake b) Safety c) Luck d) Satisfaction
5. Synonyms and Antonyms
1. Abash
a) acquit b) confuse c) blush d) condemn
2. Prudent
a) skilled b) experienced c) cautious d) criminal
3. Slander
a) secular b) spherical c) fragile d) damage
4. Extravagant
a) expensive b) thrifty c) unlimited d) proud
5. Gruesome
a) pleasant b) rude c) fresh d) clear
6. Admonition
a) warning b) threat c) fear d) request
Person and Things/Abodes
1. lapidary : gems :: dramaturge : _________________
a. plays b. novels c. songs d. poems
2. Horse : stable :: monk: _______________
a. Hermitage b. pond c. kennel d. coop
3. Army : logistics :: business : _________
a. Logic b. economy c. profits d. strategy
4. Banker : interest :: salary : ___________
a. Landlord b. laborer c. employee d. prisoner
5. Rocket : space port :: aero plane : _____________
a. Harbor b. Hanger c. dock d. bay
8 Degree of intensity
1. Ecstasy : happy :: agony:______________________
2. severe : serious :: stable : _________________
3. superfluous :___________:: finite : infinite
4. boisterous : active :: anger : ____________________
5. dirty : marshy :: flurry : ______________________
9 Parts of Speech
1. Study: Studiously :: Play:____________________
2. Datum: Data:: Syllabus:_____________________
3. Ragtime : USA :: Raga : _______________________
4. Food: Feed :: Life:________________________
5. Action : Active :: benefit :___________________
10. Object and group
1. Whale : pod :: wolf : _______________.
2. Buffalo : herd :: ____________: pride
3. birds :__________:: fish : school
4. soldiers :______________:: gypsies : caravan
5. dragonflies : cluster ::__________ : angels
Exercise
1. Give 5 examples each for the following to show analogy.
a. Country and capital
b. Language and region
c. Animal and offspring
d. Object and group
e. Part and whole
2. Fill the blanks.
a. An inductee is a person in military service and a juror is a member of a_______________.
b. Toratchet means to increase by stages, and to grow is to increase by _______________.
c. Athrone is the seat of a king, and ___________________ is the seat of a judge.
d. Stratus is a type of low cloud formation, and ______________ is a low sound.
e. A speech rendered is alectern, and a race takes place at a ____________.
Outcomes: The students would be able to
1. Use words appropriately in communication.
2. Understand the relationships between ideas and words.
References
1. Fernald James Champlin, Synonyms and Antonyms, Project Gutenberg, www.gutenberg.net
2. 501 Word Analogy Questions, Learning Express, New York, 2002.
3. https://images-na.ssl-images-
amazon.com/images/G/31/img15/books/tiles/9351765105_Reasoning_Verbal.pdf
