Individual and

Dual Sports

A Learning Module For PE 103

Marcelino M. Ona Jr.,MAED

Asst. Prof. II, College of Accountancy Business Economics,
and International Hospitality Management
Batangas State University - The National
Engineering University - Pablo Borbon Campus
Batangas, Philippines
 Table of Contents
Chapter I: Badminton
What is Badminton.............................................................................................Page 1
History of Badminton.........................................................................................Page 2
Facilities and Equipment....................................................................................Page 3
Badminton Terminologies..................................................................................Page 6
Skill in Badminton..............................................................................................Page 7
Simplified Rules……………………………………………...………………..Page 11
Laws of Badminton............................................................................................Page 12
Rubrics…………………………………………………………………………Page19
References……………………………………………………………..………Page 20
Chapter II: Table Tennis
History and Evolution of Table Tennis..............................................................Page 21
Equipment for Table Tennis..............................................................................Page 22
Basic Techniques in Table Tennis.....................................................................Page 24
Common Terms Used in Table Tennis………………………………………..Page 27
Laws of Table Tennis........................................................................................Page 27
References…………………………………………………………………….Page 34
 Chapter I
Badminton
Introduction:
Welcome to the captivating world of badminton! This module aims to provide you with a
comprehensive understanding of badminton's history, the facilities and equipment required, key
terminologies, essential skills, and the fundamental rules of the game. Whether you're new to the
sport or looking to enhance your knowledge, this module will guide you through the exciting
aspects of badminton.
Content Sections:
1. History of Badminton
Origins: Discover the origins and evolution of badminton from its ancient roots to its current
status as a popular international sport.
Development: Explore how badminton transformed over time, from a casual backyard game to a
competitive sport played at various levels.
What is Badminton?
Badminton is a racquet sport played using racquets to hit a shuttlecock across a net. Although it
may be played with larger teams, the most common forms of the game are "singles" (with one
player per side) and "doubles" (with two players per side). Badminton is often played as a casual
outdoor activity in a yard or on a beach; formal games are played on a rectangular indoor court.
Points are scored by striking the shuttlecock with the racquet and landing it within the opposing
side's half of the court.
Each side may only strike the shuttlecock once before it passes over the net. Play ends once the
shuttlecock has struck the floor or if a fault has been called by the umpire, service judge, or (in
their absence) the opposing side.[1]
The shuttlecock is a feathered or (in informal matches) plastic projectile which flies differently
from the balls used in many other sports. In particular, the feathers create much higher drag,
causing the shuttlecock to decelerate more rapidly. Shuttlecocks also have a high top speed
compared to the balls in other racquet sports. The flight of the shuttlecock gives the sport its
distinctive nature.
The game developed in British India from the earlier game of battledore and shuttlecock.
European play came to be dominated by Denmark but the game has become very popular in
Asia, with recent competitions dominated by China. In 1992, badminton debuted as a Summer
Olympic sport with four events: men's singles, women's singles, men's doubles, and women's
doubles;[2] mixed doubles was added four years later. At high levels of play, the sport demands
excellent fitness: players require aerobic stamina, agility, strength, speed, and precision. It is also
a technical sport, requiring good motor coordination and the development of sophisticated
racquet movements.[3]
History

Games employing shuttlecocks have been played for centuries across Eurasia, but the modern
game of badminton developed in the mid-19th century among the expatriate officers of British
India as a variant of the earlier game of battledore and shuttlecock. ("Battledore" was an older
term for "racquet".)[4] Its exact origin remains obscure. The name derives from the Duke of
Beaufort's Badminton House in Gloucestershire,[5] but why or when remains unclear. As early
as 1860, a London toy dealer named Isaac Spratt published a booklet entitled Badminton
Battledore – A New Game, but no copy is known to have survived.[6] An 1863 article in The
Cornhill Magazine describes badminton as "battledore and shuttlecock played with sides, across
a string suspended some five feet from the ground".[7]
The game originally developed in India among the British expatriates,[8] where it was very
popular by the 1870s.[6] Ball badminton, a form of the game played with a wool ball instead of a
shuttlecock, was being played in Thanjavur as early as the 1850s[9] and was at first played
interchangeably with badminton by the British, the woolen ball being preferred in windy or wet
weather.
A similar game in Japan which is called Hanetsuki, it’s a very popular new year’s game
involving a wooden paddle called hagoita and a shuttle called hane.

Early on, the game was also known as Poona or Poonah after the garrison town of Poona,[8][10]
where it was particularly popular and where the first rules for the game were drawn up in
1873.[6][7][b] By 1875, officers returning home had started a badminton club in Folkestone.
Initially, the sport was played with sides ranging from 1 to 4 players, but it was quickly
established that games between two or four competitors worked the best.[4] The shuttlecocks
were coated with India rubber and, in outdoor play, sometimes weighted with lead.[4] Although
the depth of the net was of no consequence, it was preferred that it should reach the ground.[4]
The sport was played under the Pune rules until 1887, when J. H. E. Hart of the Bath Badminton
Club drew up revised regulations.[5] In 1890, Hart and Bagnel Wild again revised the rules.[6]
The Badminton Association of England (BAE) published these rules in 1893 and officially
launched the sport at a house called "Dunbar"[c] in Portsmouth on 13 September.[12] The BAE
started the first badminton competition, the All England Open Badminton Championships for
gentlemen's doubles, ladies' doubles, and mixed doubles, in 1899.[5] Singles competitions were
added in 1900 and an England–Ireland championship match appeared in 1904.[5]
England, Scotland, Wales, Canada, Denmark, France, Ireland, the Netherlands, and New Zealand
were the founding members of the International Badminton Federation in 1934, now known as
the Badminton World Federation. India joined as an affiliate in 1936. The BWF now governs
international badminton. Although initiated in England, competitive men's badminton has
traditionally been dominated in Europe by Denmark. Worldwide, Asian nations have become
dominant in international competition. China, Denmark, Indonesia, Malaysia, India, South
Korea, Taiwan (playing as 'Chinese Taipei') and Japan are the nations which have consistently
produced world-class players in the past few decades, with China being the greatest force in
men's and women's competition recently.
The game has also become a popular backyard sport in the United States.
2. Facilities and Equipment
Court Layout: Understand the layout and dimensions of a badminton court, including the net
height and court markings.
Equipment: Learn about the essential equipment, including rackets, shuttlecocks, and appropriate
footwear, required to play badminton effectively.
Badminton Racket

Badminton is popular among youngsters in Asia and parts of Europe. A pacy encounter is
simply great fun. But one must be prepared for it. The badminton racket is central to all the
thrill.
The badminton racquet or racket, which is the official term adopted by the Badminton World
Federation (BWF), is a simple to handle, light piece of equipment which forms the basis of the
sport.
While there are multiple lengths and sizes of the badminton racket for kids, adults, and casual
use, professional badminton players have to use rackets of a certain specified length and width.
Let’s take a look at the specifications set by the BWF.
The badminton racket has five major parts to it – the stringed area, the head, the throat, the shaft,
and the handle. The racket in its entirety is called a frame.
The frame can have a maximum length of 680mm while the overall width is restricted to
230mm.
Stringed area
This is quite self-explanatory – the stringed area is the netted part of the badminton racket with
which the player intends to hit the shuttlecock.
The BWF rules stipulate that the stringed area should be flat, and the pattern of cross strings
should be alternatively interlaced where they cross with each other.
The string pattern is advised to be uniform in nature and not dense – more amount of string
means lesser string tension - at any part of the stringed area.
The overall length of the string should not exceed 280mm while the overall width needs to be
maintained within 220mm.
The head
The area which bounds the stringed area is called ‘the head’ of the badminton racket.
Now, the shape of the head is generally oval – which is used by professional players who usually
prefer more power on their shots.
However, there is also another shape called the ‘isometric head’ – which means that the racket is
broader at the top.
The wider nature means that there is a bigger ‘sweet spot’ – the part of the racket which meets
the shuttle best - allowing players more chances of hitting the shuttle better. However, this is
generally used by amateur badminton players and not by pros.
The throat
This is the part of the racket which supports the head by providing a steady base and connects the
head to the shaft.
This is an optional part, as some badminton rackets directly connect the head to the shaft.
In rackets that have no throat, the stringed area can be extended. However, the extended limit can
have a maximum width of 35mm while it should simultaneously ensure that the overall length of
the stringed area does not exceed 330mm.
Shuttlecock

A shuttlecock (often abbreviated to shuttle; also called a birdie) is a high-drag projectile, with an
open conical shape: the cone is formed from sixteen overlapping feathers embedded into a
rounded cork base. The cork is covered with thin leather or synthetic material. Synthetic shuttles
are often used by recreational players to reduce their costs as feathered shuttles break easily.
These nylon shuttles may be constructed with either natural cork or synthetic foam base and a
plastic skirt.
Badminton Net
The Badminton Net is the central gameplay element in a game of Badminton, requiring players
to return the shuttlecock from one side of the court to the other during the match. Made taut by
the use of weighted tension poles on the outside edges of the badminton court, the badminton net
is allowed to sag slightly in the center of the span. Unlike other sport nets that require the poles
to be installed permanently, badminton nets are often mobile and can be moved and setup
quickly when ready for play. Variations of badminton nets come in polyethylene, nylon, and
vinyl.
Badminton Nets span the entire 20’ (6.1 m) width of the court and are placed over the doubles
sidelines, even when singles games are played. The net has a height of 5’1” (1.55 m) at the edges
and sags slightly at the center resulting in a height of 5’ (1.52 m). Badminton nets are split into a
1:1 ratio with a 30’ (76 cm) opening below the mesh and an equal surface above.
3. Terminologies and Scoring
Terminologies: Familiarize yourself with the key terminologies used in badminton, such as
"rally," "shuttlecock," "smash," "drop shot," and more.
Badminton Terminologies
Side Alley - side-extension of the court by 1½ feet on both sides that is used for doubles play.
Back Alley - Area between the back boundary line and the long service line for doubles.
Backcourt - the back third of the court, in the area of the back boundary lines.
Baseline - Back boundary line at each end of the court, that runs parallel to the net.
Bird/Birdie - Another name for the shuttlecock.
Carry - An illegal stroke occurring when the shuttle comes to a stop on the racquet and is
"carried," leading to a sling-like sequence.
Center position - Also known as the base position, the central area of the court where ideally a
singles player wants to return after each shot.
Clear - A shot hit deep in the back of the opponent's court.
Cross-court - A shot hit diagonally over the net, from one side to the other.
Double hit - Hitting the shuttle twice (a fault).
Drop shot - A soft shot played with touch, so the shuttle falls close to the net on the opponent's
side.
Drive - A powerful shot placed just over the top of the net.
Fault - A violation or infraction of the rules.
Flick - A quick movement of the wrist and forearm that changes a soft shot into a harder one;
mostly used when serving or close to the net.
Forecourt - The front third of the court, between the net and the short-service line.
Hairpin Net Shot - Shot made from below and very close to the net with the shuttle rising, just
clearing the net, and then dropping sharply down the other side. The shuttle’s flight approximates
the shape of a hairpin. Half-court Shot - A shot hit low and to midcourt, used effectively in
doubles against the up-and-back formation.
Kill - A hard, downward shot that is not returnable by the opponent.
Let - A call by the umpire to restart a point. This occurs when the server serves before the
receiver is ready, the shuttle disintegrates during play, an accidental distraction occurs, etc.
Long Service Line - In singles, the back boundary line. In doubles a line 2 1/2 feet inside the
back boundary line. The serve may not go pass this line.
Match – a unit of play usually consisting of the best two out of three games.
Match point – the potential winning point of the match.
Mid-court – the area of the court from the short service line to the double long service line.
Push shot - A soft shot executed by "pushing" the shuttle with small wrist movement.
Rally – this occurs when the players hit the bird back and forth several times before one side
scores a point. An exchange of shots following the serve.
Shuttlecock - The object used in badminton, also called a birdie or shuttle. It is made of a cork
with sixteen goose feathers glued to its rounded base.
Smash - A hard, powerful overhead shot sending the shuttlecock downward to the opponent's
side.
Scoring System: Understand the scoring system used in badminton matches, including how
points are earned and the concept of serving rotation.

4. Basic Skill
The Ready Stance
If every time you will have the right stance while playing Badminton then you can easily
minimize the movements required to hit the shuttle. To be in the ready stance you need to move
your non-racket leg forward while having a shoulder-width gap in between racket and non-racket
leg. Also, bend your knees a little bit and put your body balance on both legs equally. Besides,
to improve the balance while playing keep both your racket and non-racket hand slightly
upwards and don’t forget to keep your back straight. Doing this you would easily hit more
amazing shots with fewer moments.
Backhand and Forehand Grip
Apart from stance, maintaining the grip on the racket is also essential. With an accurate grip, any
player can hit the shuttle more effectively as well as protect themselves from any wrist injuries
because of the wrong grip. Simplest and easiest way to hold the racket is by pretending a
handshake. That means you should press your thumb on the handle and wrap the racket with the
rest of your fingers and hand. Keep in mind, that the handshake that would be pretending to do
should be a friendly one and should not be a tight grip type. Also, make sure that you have a
comfortable grip on the racket so there is less to no chance of racket’s slipping.

Forehand Grip Backhand Grip

Strokes
To develop a good Badminton Stroke habit is important to learn the basic 4 strokes that can be
slightly moderated and used for drives, smashes or drops at the time they become an advanced
level player. These four strokes are Overhead Forehand, Overhead Backhand, Underhand
Backhand & Underarm Forehand. Among which some are easy to understand and practice while
others would take more time to be an expert in.
Footwork
One of the most vital yet neglected parts of the Badminton Training is Footwork. The reason that
it’s that essential to learn is the right footwork can give you an upper hand on the opponent as it
will make the game easier so that you can cover more areas of the court, change directions
swiftly and reduce the chances of knee injuries or sprains. With the right footwork, you will get
efficient in recovering from the hit of the shuttle from anywhere around the court and move
towards the other side. With the help of our experts, you will learn how to improve your
footwork and moment in order to be the best.
Link for badminton footwork training for beginner
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_2piF9P-ULI

Underhand Backhand Serve

The most basic service that you need to learn while playing badminton is the Underhand
Backhand Serve. With this serve, you will have enhanced support and control in deciding the
power that is required while serving the shuttle, the direction it should move towards and it’s
height as well. If you will learn this serving, then you can easily decide from which direction you
should hit the shuttle based upon your opponent. You can practice using the Underhand
Backhand Serve to check the speed of your hit and at what direction it goes from which
direction.
Shots: Explore essential shot techniques like the clear, smash, drop shot, and net shot.
Understand when to use each shot and how to execute them effectively.
Clear - A shot hit deep to the opponent’s back court.

Drive - A fast and low shot that makes a horizontal flight over the net.
Drop - A soft, finesse stroke hit with very little speed which passes over the net close to the net
cord and falls into the opponent forecourt.

Net Shot - Shot hit from the forecourt that just clears the net and drops.

Smash – a powerful overhand shot straight to the floor of the opposing court.
Tactics: Learn basic tactical strategies for singles and doubles play, including positioning, shot
selection, and court coverage.
Simplified Rules of Badminton

Scoring System

A match consists of the best of 3 games of 21 points.

Every time there is a serve – there is a point scored.
The side winning a rally adds a point to its score.
At 20 all, the side which gains a 2-point lead first, wins that game.
At 29 all, the side scoring the 30th point, wins that game.
The side winning a game serves first in the next game.

Interval and Change of Ends

When the leading score reaches 11 points, players have a 60 second interval.
A 2 minute interval between each game is allowed.
In the third game, players change ends when the leading score reaches 11 points.

Singles

At the beginning of the game (0-0) and when the server’s score is even, the server serves from
the right service court. When the server’s score is odd, the server serves from the left service
court.
If the server wins a rally, the server scores a point and then serves again from the alternate
service court.
If the receiver wins a rally, the receiver scores a point and becomes the new server. They serve
from the appropriate service court – left if their score is odd, and right if it is even.

Doubles

A side has only one ‘service’.

The service passes consecutively to the players as shown in the diagram.
At the beginning of the game and when the score is even, the server serves from the right service
court. When it is odd, the server serves from the left court.
If the serving side wins a rally, the serving side scores a point and the same server serves again
from the alternate service court.
If the receiving side wins a rally, the receiving side scores a point. The receiving side becomes
the new serving side.
The players do not change their respective service courts until they win a point when their side is
serving. If players commit an error in the service court, the error is corrected when the mistake is
discovered.
In a doubles match between A & B against C & D. A & B won the toss and decided to serve. A
to serve to C. A shall be the initial server while C shall be the initial receiver.

Scenario Score Service From Server Winner

LAWS OF BADMINTON

DEFINITIONS
Player Any person playing Badminton.
Match The basic contest in Badminton between opposing sides each of one or two players.
Singles A match where there is one player on each of the opposing sides.
Doubles A match where there are two players on each of the opposing sides.
Serving side The side having the right to serve.
Receiving side The side opposing the serving side.
Rally A sequence of one or more strokes starting with the service, until the shuttle ceases to be in
play.
Stroke A movement of the player’s racket with an intention to hit the shuttle.

COURT AND COURT EQUIPMENT

1.1 The court shall be a rectangle marked out with lines 40 mm wide as shown in Diagram A.
1.1.1 The court for Wheelchair Badminton shall be as shown in Diagrams D and E, respectively.
1.1.2 For Standing Badminton classes playing half-court the court for singles shall be as shown
in Diagram F.
1.2 The lines marking out the court shall be easily distinguishable and preferably be coloured
white or
yellow.
1.3 All the lines shall form part of the area which they define.
1.4 The posts shall be 1.55 metres in height from the surface of the court and shall remain
vertical when
the net is strained as provided in Law 1.10.
1.5 The posts shall be placed on the doubles side lines as in Diagram A irrespective of whether
singles
or doubles is being played. The posts or its supports shall not extend into the court beyond the
side
lines.
1.6 The net shall be made of fine cord of dark colour and even thickness with a mesh of not less
than l5
mm and not more than 20 mm.
1.7 The net shall be 760 mm in depth and at least 6.1 metres wide.
1.8 The top of the net shall be edged with a 75 mm white tape doubled over a cord or cable
running
through the tape. This tape shall rest upon the cord or cable.
1.9 The cord or cable shall be stretched firmly, flush with the top of the posts.
1.10 The top of the net from the surface of the court shall be 1.524 metres at the centre of the
court and 1.55 metres over the side lines for doubles.
1.11 There shall be no gaps between the ends of the net and the posts. If necessary, the full depth
of the
net at the ends shall be tied to the posts.

2. SHUTTLE
2.1 The shuttle shall be made of natural and / or synthetic materials. From whatever material the
shuttle
is made, the flight characteristics generally shall be similar to those produced by a natural
feathered
shuttle with a cork base covered by a thin layer of leather.
2.2 Feathered Shuttle
2.2.1 The shuttle shall have 16 feathers fixed in the base.
2.2.2 The feathers shall have a uniform length between 62 mm to 70 mm when measured from
the tip to the top of the base.
2.2.3 The tips of the feathers shall lie on a circle with a diameter from 58 mm to 68 mm.
2.2.4 The feathers shall be fastened firmly with thread or other suitable material.
2.2.5 The base shall be 25 mm to 28 mm in diameter and rounded on the bottom.
2.2.6 The shuttle shall weigh from 4.74 to 5.50 grams.
2.3 Non-Feathered Shuttle
2.3.1 The skirt, or simulation of feathers in synthetic materials, shall replace natural feathers.
2.3.2 The base shall be as described in Law 2.2.5.
2.3.3 Measurements and weight shall be as in Laws 2.2.2, 2.2.3 and 2.2.6. However, because of
the difference in the specific gravity and other properties of synthetic materials in comparison
with feathers, a variation of up to 10 per cent shall be acceptable.
2.4 Subject to there being no variation in the general design, speed and flight of the shuttle,
modifications in the above specifications may be made with the approval of the Member
Association

3. TESTING A SHUTTLE FOR SPEED

3.1 To test a shuttle, a player shall use a full underhand stroke which makes contact with the
shuttle
over the back boundary line. The shuttle shall be hit at an upward angle and in a direction
parallel to
the side lines.
3.2 A shuttle of correct speed will land not less than 530 mm and not more than 990 mm short of
the
other back boundary line as in Diagram B.

4. RACKET
4.1 The racket shall be a frame not exceeding 680 mm in overall length and 230 mm in overall
width
consisting of the main parts described in Laws 4.1.1 to 4.1.5 as illustrated in Diagram C.
4.1.1 The handle is the part of the racket intended to be gripped by a player.
4.1.2 The stringed area is the part of the racket with which it is intended that a player hits the
shuttle.
4.1.3 The head bounds the stringed area.
4.1.4 The shaft connects the handle to the head (subject to Law 4.1.5).
4.1.5 The throat (if present) connects the shaft to the head.

5. EQUIPMENT AND COMPLIANCE

5.1 Compliance
The Badminton World Federation shall rule on any question of whether any racket, shuttle or
equipment or any prototype used in the playing of Badminton complies with the specifications.
Such ruling may be undertaken on the Federation’s initiative or on application by any party with
a bona fide interest, including any player, technical official, equipment manufacturer or Member
Association or member thereof.

6. TOSS
6.1 Before play commences, a toss shall be conducted and the side winning the toss shall
exercise the
choice in either Law 6.1.1 or 6.1.2:
6.1.1 to serve or receive first;
6.1.2 to start play at one end of the court or the other.
6.2 The side losing the toss shall then exercise the remaining choice.

7. SCORING SYSTEM
7.1 A match shall consist of the best of three games, unless otherwise arranged (Part II Section
1B
Appendix 2 and 3).
7.2 A game shall be won by the side which first scores 21 points, except as provided in Law 7.4
and 7.5.
7.3 The side winning a rally shall add a point to its score. A side shall win a rally, if the opposing
side
commits a ‘fault’ or the shuttle ceases to be in play because it touches the surface of the court
inside
the opponent’s court.
7.4 If the score becomes 20-all, the side which gains a two point lead first, shall win that game.
7.5 If the score becomes 29-all, the side scoring the 30th point shall win that game.
7.6 The side winning a game shall serve first in the next game.

8. CHANGE OF ENDS
8.1 Players shall change ends:
8.1.1 at the end of the first game;
8.1.2 at the end of the second game, if there is to be a third game; and
8.1.3 in the third game when a side first scores 11 points.
8.2 If the ends are not changed as indicated in Law 8.1, it shall be done so as soon as the mistake
is
discovered and when the shuttle is not in play. The existing score shall stand.

9. SERVICE
9.1 In a correct service,
9.1.1 neither side shall cause undue delay to the delivery of the service once the server and the
receiver are ready for the service. On completion of the backward movement of server’s
racket head, any delay in the start of the service (Law 9.2), shall be considered to be an
undue delay;
9.1.2 the server and the receiver shall stand within diagonally opposite service courts (Diagram
A) without touching the boundary lines of these service courts;
9.1.3 some part of both feet of the server and the receiver shall remain in contact with the surface
of the court in a stationary position from the start of the service (Law 9.2) until the service
is delivered (Law 9.3);
9.1.4 the server’s racket shall initially hit the base of the shuttle;
9.1.5 the whole shuttle shall be below the server’s waist at the instant of being hit by the server’s
racket. The waist shall be considered to be an imaginary line round the body, level with the
lowest part of the server’s bottom rib;
9.1.6 the shaft of the server’s racket at the instant of hitting the shuttle shall be pointing in a
downward direction;
9.1.7 the movement of the server’s racket shall continue forwards from the start of the service
(Law 9.2) until the service is delivered (Law 9.3);
9.1.8 the flight of the shuttle shall be upwards from the server’s racket to pass over the net so
that, if not intercepted, it shall land in the receiver’s service court (i. e. on or within the
boundary lines); and
9.1.9 in attempting to serve, the server shall not miss the shuttle.
9.2 Once the players are ready for the service, the first forward movement of the server’s racket
head
shall be the start of the service.
9.3 Once started (Law 9.2), the service is delivered when the shuttle is hit by the server’s racket
or, in
attempting to serve, the server misses the shuttle.
9.4 The server shall not serve before the receiver is ready. However, the receiver shall be
considered to
have been ready if a return of the service is attempted.
9.5 In doubles, during the delivery of service (Law 9.2, 9.3), the partners may take up any
positions
within their respective courts, which do not unsight the opposing server or receiver.

10. SINGLES
10.1 Serving and receiving courts
10.1.1 The players shall serve from, and receive in, their respective right service courts when the
server has not scored or has scored an even number of points in that game.
10.1.2 The players shall serve from, and receive in, their respective left service courts when the
server has scored an odd number of points in that game.
10.1.3 In Para-badminton Classes playing half-court, the server and receiver shall serve from and
receive in their respective service courts.
10.2 Order of play and position on court
In a rally, the shuttle may be hit by the server and the receiver alternately, from any position on
that
player’s side of the net, until the shuttle ceases to be in play (Law 15).
10.3 Scoring and serving
10.3.1 If the server wins a rally (Law 7.3), the server shall score a point. The server shall then
serve again from the alternate service court.
10.3.2 If the receiver wins a rally (Law 7.3), the receiver shall score a point. The receiver shall
then become the new server.

11. DOUBLES
11.1 Serving and receiving courts
11.1.1 A player of the serving side shall serve from the right service court when the serving side
has not scored or has scored an even number of points in that game.
11.1.2 A player of the serving side shall serve from the left service court when the serving side
has scored an odd number of points in that game.
11.1.3 The player of the receiving side who served last shall stay in the same service court from
where he served last. The reverse pattern shall apply to the receiver’s partner.
11.1.4 The player of the receiving side standing in the diagonally opposite service court to the
server shall be the receiver.
11.1.5 The players shall not change their respective service courts until they win a point when
their side is serving.
11.1.6 Service in any turn of serving shall be delivered from the service court corresponding to
the serving side’s score, except as provided in Law 12.
11.2 Order of play and position on court
After the service is returned, in a rally, the shuttle may be hit by either player of the serving side
and player of the receiving side alternately, from any position on that player’s side of the net,
until the shuttle ceases to be in play (Law 15).
11.3 Scoring and serving
11.3.1 If the serving side wins a rally (Law 7.3), the serving side shall score a point. The server
shall then serve again from the alternate service court.
11.3.2 If the receiving side wins a rally (Law 7.3), the receiving side shall score a point. The
receiving side shall then become the new serving side.
11.4 Sequence of serving
In any game, the right to serve shall pass consecutively:
11.4.1 from the initial server who started the game from the right service court
11.4.2 to the partner of the initial receiver.
11.4.3 to the partner of the initial server
11.4.4 to the initial receiver,
11.4.5 to the initial server and so on.
11.5 No player shall serve or receive out of turn, or receive two consecutive services in the same
game,
except as provided in Law 12.
11.6 Either player of the winning side may serve first in the next game, and either player of the
losing side may receive first in the next game.

12. SERVICE COURT ERRORS

12.1 A service court error has been made when a player:
12.1.1 has served or received out of turn; or
12.1.2 has served or received from the wrong service court;
12.2 If a service court error is discovered, the error shall be corrected and the existing score shall
stand.

13. FAULTS
It shall be a ‘fault’:
13.1 if a service is not correct (Law 9.1);
13.2 if, in service, the shuttle:
13.2.1 is caught on the net and remains suspended on its top;
13.2.2 after passing over the net, is caught in the net; or
13.2.3 is hit by the receiver’s partner;
13.3 if in play, the shuttle:
13.3.1 lands outside the boundaries of the court (i. e. not on or within the boundary lines);
13.3.2 passes through or under the net;
13.3.3 fails to pass over the net;
13.3.4 touches the ceiling or side walls;
13.3.5 touches the person or dress of a player;
13.3.5.1 In Para-badminton a Wheelchair or Crutch is considered part of the player’s
person.
13.3.6 touches any other object or person outside the court;
(Where necessary on account of the structure of the building, the local badminton authority
may, subject to the right of veto of its Member Association, make bye-laws dealing with
cases in which a shuttle touches an obstruction).
13.3.7 is caught and held on the racket and then slung during the execution of a stroke;
13.3.8 is hit twice in succession by the same player. However, a shuttle hitting the head and the
stringed area of the racket in one stroke shall not be a ‘fault’;
13.3.9 is hit by a player and the player’s partner successively; or
13.3.10 touches a player’s racket and does not travel towards the opponent’s court;
13.4 if, in play, a player:
13.4.1 touches the net or its supports with racket, person or dress;
13.4.2 invades an opponent’s court over the net with racket or person except that the striker may
follow the shuttle over the net with the racket in the course of a stroke after the initial point
of contact with the shuttle is on the striker’s side of the net;
13.4.3 invades an opponent’s court under the net with racket or person such that an opponent is
obstructed or distracted; or
13.4.4 obstructs an opponent, i.e. prevents an opponent from making a legal stroke where the
shuttle is followed over the net;
13.4.5 deliberately distracts an opponent by any action such as shouting or making gestures;

14 LETS
14.1 ‘Let’ shall be called by the umpire, or by a player (if there is no umpire), to halt play.
14.2It shall be a ‘let”, if:
14.2.1 the server serves before the receiver is ready (Law 9.4);
14.2.2 during service, the receiver and the server are both faulted;
14.2.3 after the service is returned, the shuttle is:
14.2.3.1 caught on the net and remains suspended on its top, or
14.2.3.2 after passing over the net is caught in the net;
14.2.4 during play, the shuttle disintegrates and the base completely separates from the rest of the
shuttle;
14.2.5 in the opinion of the umpire, play is disrupted or a player of the opposing side is distracted
by a coach;
14.2.6 a line judge is unsighted and the umpire is unable to make a decision; or
14.2.7 any unforeseen or accidental situation has occurred.
14.3When a ‘let’ occurs, play since the last service shall not count and the player who served last
shall serve again.

15 SHUTTLE NOT IN PLAY

A shuttle is not in play when:
15.1it strikes the net or post and starts to fall towards the surface of the court on the striker’s side
of the net;
15.2it hits the surface of the court; or
15.3a ‘fault’ or a ‘let’ has occurred.

16 CONTINUOUS PLAY, MISCONDUCT & PENALTIES

16.1Play shall be continuous from the first service until the match is concluded, except as
allowed in Laws
16.2 and 16.3, and, for Wheelchair Badminton, 16.5.3
16.2 Intervals:
16.2.1 not exceeding 60 seconds during each game when the leading score reaches 11 points; and
16.2.2 not exceeding 120 seconds between the first and second game, and between the second
and third game shall be allowed in all matches.
(For a televised match, the Referee may decide before the match that intervals as in Law 16.2 are
mandatory and of fixed duration).

16.3 Suspension of play

16.3.1 When necessitated by circumstances not within the control of the players, the umpire may
suspend play for such a period as the umpire may consider necessary.
16.3.2 Under special circumstances the Referee may instruct the umpire to suspend play.
16.3.3 If play is suspended, the existing score shall stand and play shall be resumed from that
point.

16. 4 Delay in play

16.4.1 Under no circumstances shall play be delayed to enable a player to recover strength or
wind or to receive advice.
16.4.2 The umpire shall be the sole judge of any delay in play.

16. 5 Advice and leaving the court

16.5.1 Only when the shuttle is not in play (Law 15), shall a player be permitted to receive
advice during a match.
16.5.2 No player shall leave the court during a match without the umpire’s permission, except
during the intervals as described in Law 16.2.

16.6 A player shall not:

16.6.1 deliberately cause delay in, or suspension of, play;
16.6.2 deliberately modify or damage the shuttle in order to change its speed or its flight;
16.6.3 behave in an offensive manner; or
16.6.4 be guilty of misconduct not otherwise covered by the Laws of Badminton.

16.7Administration of breach
16.7.1 The umpire shall administer any breach of Law 16.4.1, 16.5.2 or 16.6 by:
16.7.1.1 issuing a warning to the offending side;
16.7.1.2 faulting the offending side, if previously warned. Two such faults by a side
shall be considered to be a persistent offence; or
16.7.2 in cases of flagrant offence, persistent offences or breach of Law 16.2 the umpire shall
fault the offending side and report the offending side immediately to the Referee, who shall
have the power to disqualify the offending side from the match.

17 OFFICIALS AND APPEALS

17.1The Referee shall be in overall charge of the tournament or championship(s) of which a
match forms part.
17.2The umpire, where appointed, shall be in charge of the match, the court and its immediate
surrounds.

The umpire shall report to the Referee.

17.3The service judge shall call service faults made by the server should they occur (Law 9.1.2
to 9.1.8).
17.4A line judge shall indicate whether a shuttle landed ‘in’ or ‘out’ on the line(s) assigned.
17.5An official’s decision shall be final on all points of fact for which that official is responsible
except that if, in the opinion of the umpire, it is beyond reasonable doubt that a line judge has
clearly made a wrong call, the umpire shall overrule the decision of the line judge.
17.6An umpire shall:
17.6.1 uphold and enforce the Laws of Badminton and, especially, call a ‘fault’ or a ‘let’ should
either occur;
17.6.2 give a decision on any appeal regarding a point of dispute, if made before the next
service is delivered;
17.6.3 ensure players and spectators are kept informed of the progress of the match;
17.6.4 appoint or replace line judges or a service judge in consultation with the Referee;
17.6.5 where another technical official is not appointed, arrange for that official’s duties to be
carried out;
17.6.6 where an appointed official is unsighted, carry out that official’s duties or play a ‘let’;
17.6.7 record and report to the Referee all matters relating to Law 16; and
17.6.8 refer to the Referee all unsatisfied appeals on questions of law only. (Such appeals must
be made before the next service is delivered or, if at the end of the match, before the side that
appeals has left the court.)

There should be evaluation after every chapter by means of quizzes and performance test.

Badminton Footwork Rubric

Criteria 5pts. 4pts. 3pts. 2pts. 1pt.

Technique Excellent Good Fair Inconsistent Poor
and Form technique and technique technique and technique technique
form. and form. form. and form. and form.
Consistently Generally Adequate Some Frequent
maintains maintains positioning, attempts at mistakes in
 optimal proper balance, and proper positioning,
positioning, positioning, posture in positioning, balance, and
balance, and balance, and some balance, and posture.
posture, posture, instances, but posture, but
resulting in leading to improvements often
efficient and effective needed for compromised
precise movement consistency. during play.
movement. on the court.
Speed and Excellent Good speed Adequate Slow and Extremely
Agility speed and and agility, speed and unresponsive slow and
agility, moves reacts agility, able movements, sluggish
swiftly and promptly to to cover the occasionally movements
precisely the shuttle, court able to cover on the court,
around the covers the reasonably the court but struggling to
court, court well, but with reach the
anticipates effectively, improvements noticeable shuttle.
shots well, and and needed for delays.
consistently demonstrates quicker
reaches the moderate reactions.
shuttle on quickness.
time.

Footwork Excellent Good Fair Inconsistent Poor

Coordination coordination coordination coordination coordination coordination
between between between between between
footwork and footwork and footwork and footwork and footwork and
shot shot shot shot shot
preparation, preparation, preparation, preparation, preparation,
seamlessly syncing connecting occasionally leading to
transitioning movements some positioning misplacement
between to achieve movements well but and awkward
movements, balanced effectively, often positioning.
resulting in positioning but struggling
optimal shot and proper improvements with timing.
positioning shot needed for
and execution. execution. seamless
integration.
Court Excellent Good court Adequate Limited court Extremely
Coverage court coverage, court coverage, limited court
coverage, effectively coverage, struggles to coverage,
consistently covers a able to cover reach certain unable to
covers all wide range the central areas, leaving reach most
areas of the of areas, areas well, significant areas of the
court adapting to but gaps in court
efficiently, opponents' weaknesses defense and effectively.
limiting shots and evident in the offense.
opponents' maintaining corners and
opportunities control. deep court.
and
maximizing
control.

Recovery Excellent Good Fair recovery Inconsistent Poor

and Balance recovery and recovery and and balance, recovery and recovery and
balance, balance, able to regain balance, balance after
consistently promptly stability after occasionally each
and swiftly regains a most able to regain movement,
 returns to an strong stance movements, a stable often off-
optimal after each but position but balance and
position, movement, improvements frequently struggling to
maintaining ready for the needed for caught off- prepare for
readiness for next shot. quicker guard. the next shot.
any shot. recoveries.

References:

https://badminton-insight.com/the-4-grips-in-badminton/

https://www.topendsports.com/sport/badminton/terms.htm

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_2piF9P-ULI

https://system.bwfbadminton.com/documents/folder_1_81/Regulations/Simplified-
Rules/Simplified%20Rules%20of%20Badminton%20-%20Dec%202015.pdf

https://system.bwfbadminton.com/documents/folder_1_81/Regulations/Laws/Part%20II%20Sect
ion%201A%20-%20Laws%20of%20Badminton%20-%20June%202016%20Revised%202.pdf