Course Name: CFD IN AEROSPACE ENGINEERING

Course Code: 18AE72

Module 1:

Basic Thoughts and Equations

Lesson Plan

MODULE 1: Basic Suggested Reading materials/links:

Thoughts and
Equations Textbooks: https://nptel.ac.in/courses/112105045

Target Lecture Online Materials:

Hours: 7 1. Anderson J.D. Jr, “Computational Fluid Dynamics– The basics and
applications”,Mcgraw-Hill, New York, 1995.
Target Tutorial
2. Chung. TJ, “Computational Fluid Dynamics”, Cambridge University
Hours: 1 Press, 2010.

Sl. Tentative Topics to be covered

3. Hirsch,AA, “Introduction toNo. of
Computational COs
Fluid Dynamics”, Blooms
No Date McGraw-Hill, 1989.Saravanamuttoo,
hours H.I.H 1999 level
18AE72.1
. required

1 21-08-2023 Basic philosophy of CFD, 1 1 L2

2 The Governing equations of fluid dynamics and its 1 1 L2

22-08-2023 significance- Continuity Equation

3 The Governing equations of fluid dynamics and its 1 1 L2

23-08-2023 significance-Momentum Equation

4 The Governing equations of fluid dynamics and its 1 1 L2

24-08-2023 significance- Energy Equation

5 Flux vector representation of the governing 1 1 L2

25-08-2023 equations,

6 28-08-2023 Classification of PDEs and its nature 1 1 L2

7 Discussion about Elliptic, Parabolic and 1 1 L2

29-08-2023 Hyperbolic PDEs..

Department of Aeronautical Engineering SONALI GUPTA 1

 Course Name: CFD IN AEROSPACE ENGINEERING

Course Code: 18AE72

Basic philosophy of CFD

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is a branch of fluid mechanics that uses numerical methods and algorithms to
solve and analyze problems related to the behavior of fluids (liquids and gases). The basic philosophy of CFD
involves several key principles:

Mathematical Modeling: CFD starts with the formulation of mathematical equations that describe the behavior of
fluid flow. The fundamental equations governing fluid flow are the Navier-Stokes equations, which describe the
conservation of mass, momentum, and energy for a fluid. These equations are partial differential equations (PDEs)
and form the basis for CFD simulations.

Discretization: CFD divides the physical domain (e.g., a fluid-filled space) into a grid or mesh of discrete cells or
elements. This process is called discretization. The governing equations are then discretized, typically using finite
difference, finite volume, or finite element methods, to approximate the behavior of the fluid within each cell.

Numerical Solution: CFD solves the discretized equations numerically to calculate the fluid properties (velocity,
pressure, temperature, etc.) at each cell in the domain. This involves iterative methods to approximate the solution
until it converges to a satisfactory level of accuracy.

Boundary Conditions: Proper boundary conditions must be specified to represent the physical constraints and
interactions of the fluid with solid surfaces or other fluids. Boundary conditions are essential for accurately
modeling real-world scenarios.

Time Stepping: For time-dependent problems (e.g., transient flows), CFD uses time-stepping techniques to update
the fluid properties at discrete time intervals. Implicit or explicit time integration methods are commonly employed.

Iterative Convergence: CFD simulations often require multiple iterations to achieve convergence, where the
solution no longer changes significantly between iterations. Convergence is critical for obtaining accurate results.

Validation and Verification: CFD results must be validated and verified against experimental data or analytical
solutions whenever possible to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the simulations. This helps in assessing the
model's predictive capabilities.

Post-processing: After obtaining the numerical solution, CFD post-processing techniques are used to analyze and
visualize the results. This may include generating velocity contours, pressure distributions, and other relevant data to
gain insights into fluid behavior.

Application Areas: CFD is applied to a wide range of engineering and scientific problems, including aerodynamics,
heat transfer, combustion, fluid-structure interactions, and environmental fluid dynamics. It is used in industries
such as aerospace, automotive, energy, and environmental engineering.

Computational Resources: CFD simulations can be computationally intensive and may require high-performance
computing resources. Advances in hardware and software have enabled the simulation of complex fluid dynamics
problems.

Department of Aeronautical Engineering SONALI GUPTA 2

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