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Underground Cable Fault Detection

The document discusses methods for localizing cable faults in underground distribution systems. It describes two common types of faults - ground faults caused by insulation breakdown and short-circuit faults caused by insulation failures between cables. Murray Loop Testing and Varley Loop Testing are then explained as popular methods to localize these fault types in low voltage cables. The Murray Loop Test uses a Wheatstone bridge configuration to calculate the distance to a ground fault based on resistance measurements. The Varley Loop Test similarly determines fault location by varying a resistance and measuring galvanometer deflection at two test positions. Accurately finding fault locations allows for quick service restoration.

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Rachit Jhunjhunwala
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85 views9 pages

Underground Cable Fault Detection

The document discusses methods for localizing cable faults in underground distribution systems. It describes two common types of faults - ground faults caused by insulation breakdown and short-circuit faults caused by insulation failures between cables. Murray Loop Testing and Varley Loop Testing are then explained as popular methods to localize these fault types in low voltage cables. The Murray Loop Test uses a Wheatstone bridge configuration to calculate the distance to a ground fault based on resistance measurements. The Varley Loop Test similarly determines fault location by varying a resistance and measuring galvanometer deflection at two test positions. Accurately finding fault locations allows for quick service restoration.

Uploaded by

Rachit Jhunjhunwala
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Localization of Cable Faults

 Underground cables during their operation can experience various fault


conditions.

 Determination of exact location of fault sections in underground


distribution cables is extremely important from the point of view of
quick restoration of service without loss of time for repair .

 Ground faults where cable insulation may break down causing a current
to flow from the core of the cable to the outer metal sheath or to the earth.

 Short-circuit faults where a insulation failure between two cables, or


between two cores of a multi-core cable results in flow of current
between them.

 Loop tests are popularly used in localization of the aforesaid types of


faults in low voltage cables.
Murray Loop Test for Underground Cable Fault Localization
 Lets, AB is sound cable,
Ground faults localization
 CD is faulty cable,

 The Earth fault occurs a point F.

 The end D point of the faulty cable is


connected to far end sound cable point B
through a low resistance.

 Two variable resistance ( i.e P, Q ) is


connected to the end A point of sound
cable and C point of faulty cable
respectively.
 R = Resistance of the conductor loop upto
fault point F from the test end point A, i.e
resistance of portion AF.
P, Q, R and X are the four arms of the Wheatstone bridge.  X= Resistance in between two points C and
F.
In the balance position of the bridge, we get

If 𝑟 is the resistance of each cable, then 𝑅 + 𝑋 = 2𝑟

𝑄
𝑋= 2𝑟
𝑃+𝑄

Let, total length of the cable is 𝑙 meter, so the resistance per meter will be = 𝑟/𝑙, Therefore , we can easily
measure the fault point from the faulty point is

𝑿 𝑸 𝒍 𝑸
𝒅=𝒓 = × 𝟐𝒓 × = × 𝟐𝒍
ൗ𝒍 𝑷 + 𝑸 𝒓 𝑷+𝑸
Short circuit fault localization

DC Source terminal is connected to the point O and


the other point is connected to another faulty cable.

𝑿 𝑸 𝒍 𝑸
𝒅=𝒓 = × 𝟐𝒓 × = × 𝟐𝒍
ൗ𝒍 𝑷 + 𝑸 𝒓 𝑷+𝑸
Varley Loop Test for Underground Cable Fault Localization
Ground faults localization

1. The key K1 is first connected to position 1, now the


variable resistance S is varied till the galvanometer
shows zero deflection. Let, the resistance of the
variable resistance is S1 when galvanometer shows
zero deflection

(R+X) total loop resistance can be calculated from the


above equ. as all the values are known.

2. Then key K1 is connected to position 2, now the variable resistance S is varied till the galvanometer shows
zero deflection. Let, the resistance of the variable resistance is S2 when galvanometer shows zero deflection
• 𝑋 values can be calculated by substituting (𝑅 + 𝑋) obtained from the previous step

𝒍
𝑹=𝝆
𝑨
Short circuit fault localization

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