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CH 12

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Bhavna Beniwal
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52 views4 pages

CH 12

Uploaded by

Bhavna Beniwal
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‘Asha Shani (PGT Bio) Chapter=12 Bio-technology and its applications ‘Question 1: What are the three ertieal researches ofbio-technology?(P98® 79-207) Answer: a. Providing best catalyst. b. Creating optimal conditions through engineering fora catalyst to act c._ Downstream processing technologies to purify the protein/orgenic compound: Question 2: What is gene therapy and its steps? ‘or congenital diseases. Its correction of @ Answer: Gene therapy is an attempt to deal with gen genetic defect by eplacing non funcional gene by normal gene into an individual ‘The first Gene Therapy was given toa 4 year old gir child in 1980, suffering ADA(Adenosine Deaminase) Deficiency. This disorder is caused due to non functional gene for adenosine deaminase enzyme, This enzyme (adenosine deaminase) is important for immune system to function 25 help in formation of T lymphocytes . This disease can be cured by ~ 1. By enzyme replacement therapy ~In this functional ADA is give to patient by injection 2. By bone marrow transplantation. Fa functional ADA cDNA are introduced with the help of retrovirus into the lymphocytes «hich where isolated from patient and grown in culture. This ymphocytes then returned to the patient. As these calls are not immortal, patient require periodic infusion of such genetically engineered lymphocytes. 4. A permanent cure can be done'f gene producing ADA s introduced into cells at early ‘embryonic stage. nat are Trangenic Animals and its importance? Question “answer: Animals whose genes are maripulated to express foreign DNA are calle Trangenic Animal cg: rabit, pi, sheep, rats, cow. Its Importance — «._ Nonmal physiology and development - Transgenic animals are used to study how genes are regulated and how they affect normal functions ofthe body andits development. Eg- Insulin — growth factor. 2. study of disease — Transgenic animals are used to study how gene contribute Eg- cancer, cystic fibrosis and Alzheimer's. s : “ontribute to a disease. 4. plologieal products Transgenic animals are used to get new biological products and medicine. Ee- ee amnesia Asha Shani (PGT Bio) a. Human protein (a1 anti-trypsin) used to treat patient suffering from emphysema b. 1997, first transgenic cow ~ Rosie, produced human protein enriched milk(2.4 g/!). It contains human alpha lactalbumin which Is @ balanced product for human body. 4. Vaccine safety ~ Transgenic animals are used in testing safety of vaccines before they are used on humans. Eg~ polio vaccine. 5, Chemical safety testing ~ Transgenic animals are made PY manipulating their genes which make them more sensitive to toxic substances. So, they can ‘easily used for testing chemicals. Question 4: Explain Bt-cotton an application. Answer: Bt-Bacillus thuringiensis 1. InBt cotton genes from Bacillus thrungiensis is introduced using r DNA technology, these genes produce a crystal form protein called insecticidal protein which kill lepidoptorens, coleopterans and dipterans. 2. Itpresent in the form of protoxin. 3. The protoxin converted into an active toxin in alkaline pH of gut of insects - A The toxin form pores in the gut of insect and lysis the Bvt cells during swallowing and at last the insect die. Activated toxin binds to the surface of midgut epithelial cells and create pores. 5, The genes included in this process are cry ac and ery tuab which kill the cotton boll worms. 6. cry-genes introduced with the help of small rDNA technology. sucitus thuringiensis alo used in corn(malze), cy IAb gene corn Borer. question 5: What is RNA interference? answer: This technique is used to make a plant disease resistant 4. To protect tobacco plant roots from the nematode Meloidegyne incognita this technique is used. 2, RNA exists naturally as cellular defence in eukaryotes. x Inthism RNA ssilenced by double stranded RNA, as result the m RNA of nematode do rot translate the protein .so nematode cannot affect the plant. ‘4. Using Agrobacterium vector, nematode specifi genes introduced into host plant to produce both sense and antisense RNA, so that double stranded RNA silence the m RNA of nematode. ‘question . 6. Write notes on insulin and humilin ? anewer insulins produced by fel of pancreas Insulin hel Insulin helped to convert glucose to elycogen. deficiency cause diabetes. Insulin is given to diabetic patients in treatment of diabet oe ‘time insulin from pig , cow etc. was used to treat diabe Se SHUMILIN" was made. patients but it causes “allergy” , so INSULIN : (1) Insulin is polypeptide chain of A and B peptide chai the form of prohormone that contain chains A, 8 and C. , but in mammals it produced in

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