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Business Ethics and

Social Responsibility
Quarter 3 – Module 6: The
Filipino Value System and Their
Influence in Busi
Business
ness Practices

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Business Ethics and Social Responsibility – Grade 12

Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 – Module 6: Filipino Value System and Their Influence in Business Practices
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of
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wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such

agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.
Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their
respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership
over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

SENIOR HS MODULE DEVELOPMENT

D EVELOPMENT TEAM

Author : Gina R. Bagtas

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tor : Melbourne L. Salonga

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OIC- Asst. Schools Division Superintend
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ent : William Roderick R. Fallorin, CESE
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Printed in the Philippines b

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Business Ethics and

Social Responsibility
Quarter 3 – Module 6:
Filipino Value System and
Their Influence in Business
Practices

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Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners,
can continue your studies and learn
learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions,
exercises, and discussions are carefully
c arefully stated for you to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-

step as you discover and understand the les

lesson
son prepared for you.
Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each
SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you
need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of
the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check
your learning. Answer keys are pro
provided
vided for each activity and test. We ttrust
rust that you
will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they c
can
an
best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part
of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering
answering the exercises and tests. And
read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher
teac her or facilitator.

Thank you.

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What I Need to Know

Filipinos are known worldwide for these values: love of God and family, hard
work, perseverance, adaptability, generosity, loyalty to friends, care, and respect for
the elderly, etc. These are all normally observed in the day-to-day living. But then,
there are some values that result to disappointment or frustration.
As you go through this module, you will learn about the various Filipino
values. You are expected to:

1. explain and describe the different Filipino values; and

a nd
2. infer how Filipino values influence business practices.

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What I Know

Directions: Match the terms in Column A to their corresponding

definition/description in Column B. Write the letter of your answers on a separate
sheet of paper.

A B
1. Delicadeza a. One gets support through family affiliation,
friendship, etc.
2. Bayanihan b. Always remember the goods acts that others did.
3. Mañana habit c. Sense of social propriety
4. Frugality d. Shared understanding of the other
person’s personality
5. Niñgas cogon e. Spirit of unity within a group
6. Utang na loob f. Economical management of resources
7. Padrino system g. Sensitivity to personal insult

8. Pakikisama h. Eager at the beginning then losing interest

9. Amor Propio i. Absolute obedience to what is right, legal,
or ethical
10. Hiya j. Putting off something until another time

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Filipino Value System and

Lesson
Their Influence in
1
Business Practices

What’s In

Directions: Recall the different belief systems that you have learned. Analyze the
statements below and choose the letter of the belief system w
where
here they belong. Write
your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

a. Islam b. Christianity c. Hinduism

d. Judaism e. Buddhism

1. They follow the regulation and adhere strictly to contracts.

2. They believe that fair pricing and good business relations should
be applied.
3. They impose restrictions on misleading advertisements.
4. Their ultimate goal is not wealth.
5. They believe that businessmen should really care for
the environment.

Notes to the Teacher / Facilitator

Most of the activities come in essay form. You may tell your
students to write their answers in three to ffive
ive sentences. You have
the rubrics to guide you in checking.

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What’s New

Directions: Read the situation below and answer each question in two to three
sentences on a separate sheet of paper.
Pia, the proprietress of XYZ Enterprises, had to borrow extra capital from her
friend, Bea, for her business expansion. Bea willingly lent her friend the money with
no interest. The business grew and had several branches that Pia had to hire more
workers and, she had even p paid
aid Bea in full! One day, B
Bea
ea approached Pia and asked
for a favor. Bea had cancer and she n needed
eeded money for medication. Pia declined and
told Bea that all her money was in the business and that she came
c ame at a wrong time.

What kind of friend is Pia?

_____________________________________
________________________________________________________
_____________________________________
__________________________
________
_____________________________________
________________________________________________________
_____________________________________
__________________________
________
_____________________________________
________________________________________________________
_____________________________________
__________________________
________

If you were Bea, what would you do?

_____________________________________
________________________________________________________
_____________________________________
__________________________
________
_____________________________________
________________________________________________________
_____________________________________
__________________________
________
_____________________________________
________________________________________________________
_____________________________________
__________________________
________

Rubrics:
Correctness of answer 2 points
Clarity of explanation 2 points
Mechanics 1 point
Total 5 points

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What is It

Filipino value system is c

characterized
haracterized as an effect of one's own culture by the
way people live their lives. This refers to the collection of values or the structure of
values that majority of Filipinos have traditionally kept in their lives as important as:
common beliefs, moral principles, ethical standards, etiquette, and cultural and
personal values that their society encouraged them to have. Here are some Filipino
values that we live by:

1. Bahala na
There is no exact English translation for Bahala Na. However, there are several
interpretations for this. The first one is that Bahala was derived from the word
Bathala, who was worshipped by the Filipinos during the Pre-Spanish period. This
belief in putting life in the hands of God may be a symbol of how devout Filipinos
can be. They just leave everything to God, including their problems and their
sufferings. They are fatalistic, putting their lives in
i n the hands of fate.

On the other hand, according to Lagmay (1977, as cited in Pe-Pua et al., 2000),
Bahala Na is determination and risk-taking. He said that when Filipinos say “bahala
“bahala
na”, they are ready to face every difficult situation and are determined to achieve
their goals or objectives. When they mention those words, it is llike
ike they are getting
courage or strength into their system, and they will not surrender.

In business, you cannot jjust

ust put its life in the hands of fate. Everything
E verything has to
be carefully studied or planned; otherwise, all of your efforts will go down the drain.

2. Utang na loob
Gratitude or utang na loob is typically embedded in the Filipino culture. One
should not forget to consider the good acts others may have done particularly in
times of great need. Many times, this debt of appreciation is violated by others who
have served us good. With this system, people are forced to do something in exchange
for favors that others did.

Business is affected by this so-called utang na loob especially if the

businessman has faced ethical issues.

3. Ningas-cogon
Ningas is a noun that means flame, burning, or fire, while cogon is a plant
that can be quickly burnt with its presence. Ningas cogon means the swift burning
of cogon, which connotes the eagerness of the Filipinos just at the beginning, but
then rapidly lose interest shortly after it begins, or lack of follow-up.

Same thing could happen in business. The enthusiasm is there at the start
start

of the venture but since it is not one’s inclination, then he/she gradually loses
his/her interest.

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4. Padrino system (palakasan/patronage system)

Padrino system, or patronage in Filipino culture and politics, is the system of
value in which one gets support, endorsement, or political appointment through
family affiliation (nepotism) or friendship (cronyism), as opposed to one's worth.
Meaning, the owner or manager hires friends or relatives regardless of their
qualifications. This could cause conflict inside the enterprise and eventually could
also be the reason for losing the more qualified employees or workers. This system
in the Philippines is the root cause of numerous scandals
s candals and corruption.

Businessmen can quickly get business deals using padrino system if the
padrino poses as go-between presenting and vouching his charac
character
ter to close the deal.

5. Amor propio / self-respect

Amor propio is a Spanish term meaning caring for oneself, or self-love. It is a
feeling of self-esteem or self-respect that prevents a person from swallowing his or
her pride. Sensitivity to personal insult or offending situation is included.

In business, Filipino customers are normally sensitive to hear a No for an

answer, hence, one will get a Yes, but might be disappointed afterwards.

6. Mañana habit
The Spanish word mañana means tomorrow or the future.
future. It is also known in
English as procrastination and as mamaya na in Filipino. It might just as well mean
putting off something until another time. This habit has made Filipinos less efficient
and less energetic in doing the task.

In business, mañana habit could lead to less efficient workforce. It could also
lead to losing customers in case one is into delivery business. When he/she always
postpones doing something, his/her loads of work could pile up and that could give
him/her (and his/her co-workers) too much stress.

7. Delicadeza
Delicadeza is a Spanish term which when translated into English means
daintiness. It is defined a
as
s acting in a manner which is rrefined
efined or being d
delicate
elicate in
taste. Often, it may mean good decorum or absolute obedience to what is right, legal,
or ethical. Perhaps it can be better understood by saying walang delicadeza or
makapal ang mukha (thick-faced) for those who do not have it.

In business, it is best to do what is right, what is legal, and what is ethical.

After all, goodwill attracts good vibes!

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8. Hiya
Shame or hiya is a common Filipino value. This is a sense of social propriety
and it conforms with established cultural standards. Filipinos feel they ought to live
up to agreed moral expectations and if they fail to do so, they add dishonor not just
to themselves, but also to their families. If anyone is publicly humiliated, insulted or
fails to meet standards, they may feel as
ashamed
hamed and they lose their self-es
self-esteem.
teem.

Shame or hiya also happens in business. For example, one is selling ricerice and
other consumables. Now here comes his/her close friend requesting for one one sack of
rice to be paid at the end of that month. On the due date, it is the seller
s eller who is even
ashamed to remind his/her close friend of the latter’s obligation.

9. Pakikisama/pakikipagkapwa-tao
Another Filipino characteristic is loyalty, or pakikisama. That is a shared
understanding of the other person's personality and consciousness. It is treating
others as equal, and with respect and integrity.

This is simply a realistic translation of the pakikipagkapwa-tao in industry

since the aim is to deliver useful products and services to others so that their
standard of living would get better.

In business, for example, Pedro is a sole proprietor.

proprietor. His cousin appr
approached
oached
him and was trying to borrow P5,000 for an emergency reason. Because he had no
personal cash that time, out of pakikisama, he got the amount of P5,000 from his
business collection and lent it to his cousin.

10. Family orientation

Philippines is recognized as a fa
family-centered
mily-centered country. The Filipinos consider
their family as an
a n important social structure which they have to look after. They put
premium on their family's safety and unity. The practice of nepotism is evident
(members of the same family employed in the same enterprise).
e nterprise). It is the closeness of
the Filipino families that makes them the model of most business organizations.

However, in business, it is said that it is not advantageous to hire relatives

because one cannot just easily fire them e
even
ven though he/she is dissatisfied with their
work performance.

11. Suki system

Suki is a Tagalog term which means loyal customers. Here, there is a
customer-supplier relationship that is built. Normally, the supplier would give
discounts, good quality products or service, or even “credit line” once the trust is
earned.

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12. Bayanihan/team spirit

The bayanihan is a Filipino term which originated from the word bayan
meaning town or community. Later on, bayanihan meant "being a bayan" and is
being used to refer to a spirit of unity within a group, or individual cooperation and
joint efforts.

The adage "no man is an island" is even more true, and even critical in
business world – where interactions and the willingness (or unwillingness) to
collaborate with others will make or break a business. It is in bayanihan where one's
local environment is a vital tool. And that it will help his/her people and his/her
company get ahead by harnessing the strength of his/her own people.

13. Palabra De Honor

Palabra de Honor is a Spanish word meaning "Word of Honor". This is an
individual's unwritten promise to someone to do or not to do something.

Palabra de honor needs a sense of truthfulness and honesty in every Filipino.

We have to respect our words by upholding our promises, even without any legal
document.

In business, for example, when one promised his/her employees of a salary

increase after six months of working in his/her enterprise, then he/she s
should
hould really
give them an increase when they have reached six months.

14. Lakas ng loob

Courage or lakas ng loob, is the strength of mind or spirit that enables a
person to meet challenges, situations,
si tuations, or pain bravely or without fear.

For example, in one’s desire to expand his/her business, he/she got a loan
from a commercial bank payable
paya ble in five years.

15. Pakikipagsapalaran
Pakikipagsapa laran or being venturous is the ability
Pakikipagsapalaran abi lity of a person to take risks,
even if they are prone to a potential loss. For example, even without an experience in
selling, one ventured into an online business this time of pandemic by just following
some ideas coming from his/her friends.

16. Frugality
Frugality/pagtitipid
/pagtitipid
This is known as economical management of resources, being careful in
spending, and avoiding unnecessary expenses.
For a small business, frugality is really important. One will save his/her
money effectively by lliving
iving fru
frugally
gally and by managing his/her spending. When
business starts to succeed, there is a tendency to overspend so it is an advantage if
he/she knows how to control his/her expenses.

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What’s More

A. Directions: Read and analyze the situation and choose from the box the business
practice that each presents. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

Lakas ng Loob Delicadeza Amor Propio

Utang na loob Padrino System Hiya

Business
Situations
practices
1. The daughter of a prominent businessman fell into the pool
and drowned. Good thing, a man saw the incident and
quickly saved the
the young girl. The businessman-father
businessman-father hired
him as his personal driver.
2. Melvin, the clerk, was caught by the treasurer while opening
the vault. He just walked away as if nothing had happened

and acted innocently the days thereafter.

3. There was a job vacancy at LMN Corporation.
Corporation. Two applicants
(A and B) submitted their resume, and only A was qualified.
However, it was B who was hired, being the godson of the
accounting manager.
4. Cindy wants to ask for a discount from the boutique owner
but is hesitant because she is thinking other customers
could hear and might think that she is poor.
5. Solly lent P5,000 to her friend Beth to be paid on the 30 th of
the month. On the due date, Solly did not have the courage
to approach Beth because they are close friends.

B. Directions: You must have experienced bahala na, ningas-cogon, and mañana
habit as a student. Recall what happened or in what situation did you experience
each of these. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

Bahala Na
___________________________________
________________________________________________________
_______________________________________
__________________________
________

Ningas-cogon
___________________________________
________________________________________________________
_______________________________________
__________________________
________

Mañana Habit
___________________________________
________________________________________________________
_______________________________________
__________________________
________

Rubrics:
Clarity of explanation 3 points
Unity of ideas 1 point
Mechanics 1 point
Total 5 points

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What I Have Learned

Directions: Complete the given phrases to form a good definition or desc

description
ription of
the Filipino values that you have learned.
l earned. Write your answers on a separate ssheet
heet
of paper.

Pakikisama means ________________

_____________________________________
_____________________________
________

Family Orientation means __________________

____________________________________
___________________
_

Suki System means ________________________________

__________________________________________
__________

Bayanihan spirit means_____________

me ans________________________________
___________________________
________

Palabra de Honor means____________________

means______________________________________
___________________
_

Rubrics:

Correctness 3 points
Coherence of ideas 1 point
Mechanics 1 point
Total 5 points

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What I Can Do

Directions: Compose a three-stanza poem using the ideas taken from our Filipino
value system (a comedic type is preferred). Your poem should not exceed three
stanzas. Write your poem on a separate sheet of paper.

Rubrics for the poem

Scoring criteria 5 4 3 2 1
Organization Ideas are logically arranged.
Appropriate organizational pattern is observed.
Transitions are smooth.
Content Content is relevant and well-developed.
Introduction captures attention at once.

5 - Very good
4 - Good
3 - Fair
2 - Poor
1 - Very poor

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Assessment

Directions: Write True if the idea is correct, and False if it is not. Write your answers
on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Pakikisama is shown when there is a spirit of unity within a group.

2. A person practices ningas-cogon when he/she iis s eager at the beginning but is
quick to lose interest.
3. Padrino system means always remember the good acts that others did.
4. Manana habit is practiced when one put-off something until another time.
5. Frugality means wasteful management
manageme nt of resources.
6. Pakikipagsapalaran is shown when a person ventured into a business without
any idea or experience.
7. Palabra de honor means father with honor.
8. Suki means loyal customers.
9. It is said that in busines
business,
s, goodwill attracts good vibes.
10. Amor propio is a Latin word which means ca caring
ring for oneself or self-love.
11. Delicadeza means daintiness.
12. Pakikipagkapwa-tao is done so that the standard of living of a person would get
better.
13. Amor Propio means love for others.
14. Bahala Na attitude means putting the person’s life iin n the hands of fate.
15. Ningas Cogon means tomorrow or the future.

Additional Activities

Directions: Using the poem that you wrote, choose one of your favorite songs and
substitute the poem as its lyrics.

Record your song and send it to your teacher.

Rubrics:
Choice of song 5 pts.
(very good-5, good-4, fair-3, poor-2, very poor-1)
Fitness of poem to the song 2 pts.
Rendition of the song 3 pts.
(very satisfactory-3, satisfactory-2, not quite satisfactory-1) _______
Total 10 pts.

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Answer Key

esl a F . 51
e ur T . 41
esl a F . 31
e ur T . 21
e ur T . 11
esl a F . 01
e ur T .9
e ur T .8
esl a F .7
e ur T .6
esl a F .5
e ur T .4
esl a F .3
e ur T .2
e ur T .1
yr av ya msr e ws nA
: s ei ti vi t c Al a noi ti dd A t ne mss ess A

yr av y a msr e ws nA. B
ayi h. 5
oi por p r o ma . 4
met sys o ni r da p. 3
aze dacil e d. 2
bool a n g nat u. 1
yr av ya msr e ws nA yr av ya msr e ws nA . A
o D na CI t a h W de nr ae L eva HI t a h W er o Ms’ t a h W

c . 01
g .9
d .8
a .7
b .6
h .5
E. 5 f .4
C. 4 j .3
A. 3 e .2
D. 2 i .1
yr av ya msr e ws nA B. 1
we N s’ t a h W nI s’ t a h W wo n KI t a h W

13
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References
DepEd 2020. DepEd’s Most Essential Learning Competencies MELC for Business
Ethics and Social Responsibility, s. 2020

DepEd. 2016. DepEd’s Curriculum Guide for Business Ethics and Social
Responsibility, s. 2016

Dictionary.com. 2020. https://www.dictionary.com/browse/courage.

Farlex. 2020. The Free Dictionary. Retrieved from
https://www.thefreedictionary.com/venturous.

Illustrado Magazine. 2018 Business Bayanihan - Getting a Headstart Through

Filipino Business Organizations. Retrieved from
http://illustradolife.com/filipino-business-organizations/.

Jimenez, Josephus. 2017. The Resurrection of Good Filipino Values. Philstar.Com.

Retrieved from https://www.philstar.com/the-
freeman/opinion/2017/04/17/1686571/resurrection-good-filipino-values. 2

Merriam Webster. 2020. Retrieved from https://www.merriam-

webster.com/dictionary/frugality.

Pantonial, Adrian. 2018 Palabra De Honor: Honor Your Word | Adrian Pantonial.
Retrieved from https://www.adrianpantonial.com/palabra-de-honor-honor-
your-word/

Pe-Pua, Rogelia, and Elizabeth Marcelino.2000. Sikolohiyang Pilipino Filipino

Psychology: A Legacy Of Virgilio G. Enriquez. Ebook, 2000.

Prezi.com. 2018. Filipino Value Systems in Business. Accessed 5 July 2020.

2020.
Retrieved from https://prezi.com/p/b4mzgtwgnmlw/filipino-value-systems-
in-business/

Project Bayanihan. 2020. Bayanihan. Accessed 4 July 2020. Retrieved from

https://groups.csail.mit.edu/cag/bayanihan/bayanword.html.

Roa, Ana. 2020. Lakas Ng Loob Boosts Two Smes. INQUIRER.Net.

https://business.inquirer.net/80998/lakas-ng-loob-boosts-t. o-smes.

Wilson, Matt. How Frugal Thinking Can Progress Your Business. 2013. Retrieved
from https://www.under30ceo.com/how-frugal-thinking-can-progress-your-
business/.

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Region III,

Schools Division of Bataan - Curriculum Implementation Division
Learning Resources Management and Development Section (LRMDS)

Provincial Capitol Compound, Balanga City, Bataan

Telefax: (047) 237-2102

Email Address: [email protected]

[email protected]

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