[65]

SOLUTION - ALTERNATING CURRENT

INCHAPTER EXERCISE-1 1
T /2
Vrms 
T V 0 dt
e e 2 2 0
1 2
1. [ ] 1 T
2 Vrms   V0  
The given AC voltage can be written as T 2
e  e1 sin t  e2 cos t VL  I rms  ( L)  33.83  (2  3.14  40  0.01)
We substitute the below values in the above 1 1 
function to reduce it 4. [ i0    ]
4  
e1  e0 cos …(i)
Average value of the given AC current can be
e2  e0 sin  …(ii) calculated as
This gives 1 
T /2 T

e  e0 sin t     I avg     i0 sin 2 t  dt    i0 sin t  dt 

T0 T /2 
Squaring and adding equation (i) and (ii), we get 
e12  e22  e02
 e0  e12  e22 1  i0  cos t  
T /2 T

I avg    1  cos 2 t  dt  i0   
e2  e22
e0 T  2 0   T / 2 
 erms   1
2 2 
1  i0  
T /2
Alternating Method: 1  i
I avg   t  sin 2t   0 1   1 
We can calculate the RMS value of the given T  2  2 0  
time function of voltage by using the formula for 
RMS value given as 1  i0  T  2i0 
 I avg   
 1 2 /  2  T  2  2   
erms    e dt 
 2 /  0 1 1 
 I avg  i0   
2 4  
i20
2. [ i12  ] V0
2 5. [ ]
3
Total current in wire is given as
i  i1  i20 sin t
2
 2V0 
T /2

Square of current in the wire is given as   T t  dt

 
Vrms  0

i 2   i1  i20 sin t 
2
T /2
 i 2  i12  i202
sin 2 t  2i1i20 sin t 4V02
T /2

Mean square of the current is given as 2

T 0  t 2 dt
 Vrms 
2 1
    0
I ms  i12  i20 T /2
2 T /2
2 2V  t 3 
i2  Vrms  3/ 2 0  
 I ms  i12  20 T  3 0
2
V
2
i20  Vrms  0
 I rms  I rms  i12  3
2
V0
V0 6. [ ]
3. [ ] 2
2
For time t  0 to t  T / 2 the average voltage
For the given time function as shown in graph
will be same as that of full cycle which is given
the RMS value of the time function of EMF is
as
given as
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 [66]
T /2
2V0 Vrms 200
irms   5A
T 
t dt
R 40
Vavg  0

T /2  i0  irms 2  7.07 A
4V T / 2 12. i  2sin(100 t )  2sin(100 t  30)
 Vavg  20  t dt  2  2sin(100 t  15)cos15
T 0
T /2  4cos15 sin(100 t  15)
4V t2 
 Vavg  20   INCHAPTER EXERCISE-2
T  2 0
V0 1. (60.65° lead)
 Vavg  The inductive reactance of the circuit is given as
2
 L  500  0.08  40 
3
7. [ I0 ] The capacitive reactance of the circuit is given as
4
1 1
The charge flown in one cycle from t  0 to   66.7
t  T is given as C 500  (30 106 )
q  area under i  t curve As capacitive reactance is more so in circuit
current will lead the applied voltage by an angle
1 T  T 
 q I0    I0    which is given as
2 2 2
 (1/ C )   L  66.7  40
3 tan      1.78
 q  I 0T  R  15
4
Average current per cycle is given as
   60.65
q 3 Thus the current leads the applied voltage by
I avg   I 0 60.65°.
T 4 2. (i) 33.83 mA; (ii) 202.98 V;
8. (b) (iii) 96.83 V; (iv) 0.01579s
Root mean square value is given as The impedance of RL series circuit is given as
T /4 Z  R2   2 L2
T  T 
0 V dt V02  4  V02  4  V02 V0
2
0  Z  R2 (2 fL)2
VRMS     
 Z  (6)2  (2  3.14  40  0.01)2
T
T T 4 2
 dt
0 (i) Effective current supplied by source is
9. (d) E 220
I rms  rms   33.83mA
Average value of the function shown in graph is Z 6.504
given as (ii) The potential difference across the resistance
T /2 T
is given as
 V0 dt   V  dt
0 VR  I rms  R  33.83  6  202.98V
Vaverage   0
0 T /2
(iii) Potential difference across inductance is
T /2 T /2
RMS value of the function shown in graph is given as
given as VL  I rms  ( L)  33.83  (2  3.14  40  0.01)
T  VL  96.83V
V
2
0 dt (iv) Phase angle between current and EMF is
Vrms  0
 V0 given as
T
 L 
10. (d)   tan 1  
A DC ammeter only measures DC current and  R 
when AC is passed through it then it measures  2  3.14  40  0.01 
   tan 1  
average value of current which is zero.  6 
11. (c)    tan (0.4189)  2246'
1
The circuit current is given as

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 [67]

ZQ   R22   2 L2 

Time lag corresponding to the above phase angle
is given as
  
1/ 2
 
1 2
t  T    105
360 360 f  ZQ  (68)2    4.9  103  
  7  
2246'
 t   0.01579s  ZQ  [(68)2  (70)2 ]1/ 2  [9524]1/ 2  98 
360  40
3. ( 76 , 98 , 7.6V, 9.8V ) Voltage across P is given as
Figure shows the situation described in question. Vp  iZ p  0.1 76  7.6V
P Q
Voltage across Q is given as
VQ  iZQ  0.1 98  9.8V

1F 32  4.9 mH 68  V
4. ( , 0)
R
The first circuit is a series LCR circuit. The
impedance in this circuit is given as
~ Z  [ R2  { L  (1/ C )}2 ]
The current flowing is the LCR a.c. circuit is In state of resonance we have
given as
1
e L 
i C
 2  1  
2
and Z R
     
c  
R L
  The current in the circuit at resonance is given as
V V
The current in maximum at resonance, when I 
Z R
 1 
L  0
c 
In the second circuit, the inductance and
 capacitance are joined in parallel. The potential
1 difference across each will be the same. At
 L 
c resonance X L  X C ( L  1/ C ) and hence the
1 current in both will be equal in magnitude.
 2 
LC Further, a phase difference between currents
1 through inductor L and capacitor C will be 180°
  or it is out of phase) So, two currents will be
LC
equal in magnitude but opposite in phase thus
1 105
  1/ 2
 rad/s current through R will be zero in this circuit.
(4.9  103 )(106 )  7 5. (i) 80 V, 120 V, 60 V (ii) 20
The current flowing in the circuit is given as (iii) 100 V (iv) 37°
(i) Potential difference across resistance is
e 10 1
imax     0.1A VR  IR  5 16  80
R1  R2 (32  68) 10
Potential difference across inductance
The impedance of P is given as VL  I  ( L)  5  24  120V
 2  1 2  Potential difference across condenser
Zp ( R  X )   R1  
2 2
 
1 c
 c   VC  I  (1/ C )  5 12  60V

1/ 2 (ii) The impedance of circuit is given as
  7 1  
2

 Z p  (32)2   5  6     1  
2

 10 10   Z   R2    L  

  C  
1/ 2
 Z p  (32)2  (70)2 
Z 16  (24  12)2  20 
2

 Z p  1024  4900  (5024)  76 

1/ 2 1/ 2
(iii) The voltage of AC supply is given as
The impedance of Q is given as E  IZ  5  20  100V

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 [68]

(iv) Phase angle between current and voltage is L = 1.5H

given as
  L  (1/ C )  R
  tan 1  
 R  70 C
 24  12 
   tan 1   30F
 16 
   tan 1 (0.75)  37
6. ( 33.33  F )
The phase difference between current and
~
230V, 300rad/s
voltage is given as (i) In the given circuit, the inductor and capacitor
  55  10  45 are connected in parallel. Let Z  be their
From the given equations of current and voltage complex impedance. Then
we can see that voltage is leading in phase over 1 1 1 1
    jC
current. Z  j L 1/ jC  j L
For a series RLC circuit we use
tan   tan 45  1  tan   tan 45  1
 L  (1/ C ) j L
 tan   1  Z 
R 1   2 LC
1 The total complex impedance of the circuit is
 L  R ... (i) given by
C Z  R  Z
  1  
2
j L
 Z   R2    L    Z R
  C   1   2 LC 
 Z  ( R 2  R 2 )  1.141 R   L  
2

 | Z |   R2    
 1   LC  
2
 Z
E0 141.4
  28.28 
I0 5 Substituting these values and solving it. We get
 1.414 R  28.28 | Z |  163.3 
 R  20  ... (ii) E 230V
(ii) I rms  rms   1.41 A
From equation (i) we have Z 163.3 
1 (iii) Let I L and I C be the rms values of
  20
C current in L and C respectively.
ZC ZL
1 IL  I rms and I C  I
 (3000  0.01)   20  Z L  ZC   Z L  ZC  rms
3000C
Here, Z L  j L and ZC  1 j / C
1
 30  20  Substituting these values, we get
3000C
IL 
I rms
and I C 
  2 LC  I rms
 C
1
 33.33  106 F 1   2 LC  2 LC 1
3000  10 Substituting the values and solving, we get
 C  33.33  F I L  0.462 A

7. (i) 163.3 (ii) 1.414 A (iii) 0.653 A, 2.64 A and IC  1.87 A

(iv) Circuit current becomes zero) The corresponding current amplitudes are
Figure shows the situation described in the I L0  2  0.462  1.414  0.462  0.653 A
question.
and IC 0  2 1.87  0.414 1.87  2.64 A

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 [69]

1  VAB  1   90  6  53

(iv) When   , then  2 LC  1
 LC   VAB  6cos(100 t  53)
At this state circuit impedance becomes VAB will leg behind i by 90° because X C  X L .
j L j L Given condition is that
Z  
1   LC
2
0 1
VAB  e
Thus current in the circuit would be zero. 2
8. ( 20.24 F,20A,200V,314V,3142V )  6cos(100 t  53)  5cos100 t
The current in the circuit would be maximum at 3
resonance when  6cos 100 t    6sin 100 t 
5
1
L  4
C   5cos (100 t )
5
1
 C 2 24 7
 L  sin (100 t )  cos(100  t )
5 8
1 1
 C  7
 2 f  L  2  3.14  50   0.5
2 2
 tan(100 t ) 
24
 C  20.24 106 F 24
At resonance circuit impedance is purely  cos(100 t ) 
25
resistive so it is given as 24
 VAB  5cos(100 t )  5  V
 2  1  
2
25
Z  R  L    R  10
  C    VAB  V
24
5
E 200
 I   20 A 10. (c)
R 10 Power dissipated in AC circuit is given as
Potential difference across resistance P  Vrms irms cos
VR  IR  20 10  200 V
100 100 103 
Potential difference across inductor P   cos
VL  I  L   2  50  0.5  20  3142 V 2 2 3
3
10  10
4
1 10
Potential difference across capacitor P    2.5 W
I 2 2 4
VC   I  L  3142 V 11. (b)
C Initial current in the inductor is given as
9.
10
Circuit impedance is given as Ii   1 A
Z  R  X L  XC 10
 1  LIi  500 mWb = 0.5 Wb
 Z  R2  ( X L  X C )2  (8)2  (6)2 Final current through inductor in steady state
 Z  10  after closing the switch is given as
6 20
and    tan 1  37 If   4A
8 5
Thus phasor impedance is given as   f  LI f  0.5  4  2 Wb
Z   10   37    1.5 Wb
Circuit current is given as 12. (c)
e 10cos(100 t )
i   1  37 Voltages in the given circuit are related as
Z 10   37 V 2  VR2  VL  VC 
2

 i  cos(100 t  37)
 VR  V  220 V
Potential difference across points A and B is
Circuit current is given as
given as
220
VAB  i ( X C  X L ) i  2.2 A
100

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 [70]

13. (d) 16. (All)

Circuit impedance for series RLC circuit is given For a series RLC circuit, impedance is given as
as 2
 1 
Z  R2    L 
Z  R   X L  XC  C 
2 2

R  10, X L   L  2000  5 103  10 
1 1  
XC    10  
C 2000  50 106  500 
 100  10  
1
Z  1002   2  3

i.e., Z  10      500  6 
 2   5  10 
As X L  X C so circuit is in resonance and     
current in circuit is given as  Z  100 2   1.41.4 
V 20 Circuit current is given as
i0  0  2A
Z 10 e 150 2
2 i   1.5 A
 irms   1.41 A Z 100 2
2 Average power dissipated across resistance is
Voltmeter reading is equal to the voltage across given as
the resistance as at resonance phasor voltage of
P  i 2 R  1.5 100  225 W
2
capacitor and inductor gets cancelled out
Vrms  irms R  4 1.41  5.64 V Across inductor and capacitor being reactive
circuit components no average power is
14. (d)
consumed.
At resonance net voltage across L and C in series
Hence all options are correct.
is zero so reading of V4 is zero.
17. (b, c)
15. (a, c) In series RLC circuit, impedance is given as
For the given situation 2
 1 
q di Z  R  L 
2

C
L 0
dt  C 
d 2q q 1 1
  0 If   then we have  L  so circuit
dt 2 LC LC C
Comparing with standard differential equation of 1
SHM for oscillation of q which is given as impedance is inductive and if   then we
LC
d 2q
  2q  0 have  L 
1
so circuit impedance is
dt 2 C
The solution to above equation is given as capacitive.
q  q0 cos t 1
i  q0 sin t If  L  then circuit impedance is purely
and C
According to given conditions resistive and power factor will be unity.
q2  2 18. (b, c)
 Li The current in circuit is given s
2C 2
q cos 2 t 1 2 2 2  1 
 0  Lq0  sin t imax   q0    q0
2C 2  LC 
 cot 2 t  1  di   1 
     2 q0    q0
 3 5 7  dt max  LC 
 t  , , , .........
4 4 4 4 19. (a, b, c)
 The current in circuit branch is given as
q  2t 2
 LC 3 LC 5 LC 7 LC dq
t , , , ..............  i  4t
4 4 4 4 dt

Raman Niwas, Near Aakashvani, Mahmoorganj, Varanasi. Ph. (0542)–2363455, website www.catjee.in
 [71]

di T
  4 A/s = time difference in
dt 8
di 1 1
At t  1 s, q  2C, i  4 A and  4 A / s, the T  seconds
dt f 50
potential difference across the inductor is given T 1
as Time difference in   2.5 m.s
8 50  8
di
Va  Vb  L  1 4  4 V 24. (D)
dt
Potential difference across the capacitor is given Zold = (3R)2  R 2  10 R
as
Znew = (3R  R)2  R2  5R
q 2
Vb  Vc    1 V R
C 2
Potential difference across the resistor is given as  Power factor new Z new

Vc  Vd  iR  4  4  16 V  Power factor old R
Summing up all the above three equations gives Z old
Va  Vd  21V  2
V
i  0 et / RC
(D) is correct
20.
R 
25. Voltage across inductor leads current by
t V  2
n(i)    n  0 
RC  R 
And voltage across capacitor lags current by
y  mx  c 2
1 V  VL
m C  n  0 
RC  R I
V0 and R is same and C is increased in case VC
(2).
26. Angle between I1 and I2 is
21. (b)
V
The current as a function of time in discharging I1 VL
of a capacitor is given as
V 
V t tan1  L 
i  e RC  R 
R V I2
VR
 1  V 
 ln i     t  ln    X 
 RC  R  tan 1  L 
In graph – 2 the intercept on y-axis is same but 2  R 
slope is decreased so from above equation we 100
27. R  100
can see that V / R  remain same and 1/ RC  is 1
decreased. Hence only option (b) is correct. VRMS
iRMS =
22. (c) 1002  (2  L)2
In given circuit initially voltage across inductor
and capacitor are same and in this case we have Solving
X L  XC L  0.55H
Z = 200.
Thus the potential difference across the
T
combination of L and C will remain same at 2
zero because the circuit is in resonance.  i dt
23. Phase difference in 2 = time difference in T. 28. iRMS  0
T
  dt
Phase difference in . 0
4

Raman Niwas, Near Aakashvani, Mahmoorganj, Varanasi. Ph. (0542)–2363455, website www.catjee.in
 [72]

T
2
33.
 i dt is maximum for (3)
0 V, I
i v  220 2 sin t
i0 i  20sin(t   / 4)
20 T
O 9T/8
t 10 2 T/8 T/4 t
T/2 5T/8

T
2
 i dt is same for (1) and (2)
0 34.
And least for (4) IC
29. IR Axis of
Vac  voltages
I1 VL Axis of
 voltages
I0
I I
VRO VR VR
ILr (a) I0 (b)
(a) VC Vac ILR
as Vc > VL
(b)
V
30. R  3
I
V
iRMS  RMS
z
12V L
2.4  35. RC and has dimension of time.
z R
12 1
z  5   xL2  32  5  x2  4  And frequency has dimension of so,
2.4 T
xL  L  4   L  0.08H 1 R
and has dimension of frequency.
1 1
  2500  106
RC L
XC 
C 50 INCHAPTER EXERCISE-3
8
 1 
Znew = 32  (8  4)2  5  1. q  Q0 sin  t  
 LC 2
2. (a) 104 A/s (b) 0
(V )2
Power = RMS cos  (c) 2A (d) 100 3C
znew
1
12  12 3 3. 0.2 mH,  F ,8  105 rad/s
  31
5 5
20
= 17.28  4.  2H
2
31. 5. 77, 97.6, 7.7V, 9.76 V
6. (A)
32. V  VR2  V22
Q2 Q
 640  J .....(1)  16V ...(2)
 162  122 2C C
= 20 V

Raman Niwas, Near Aakashvani, Mahmoorganj, Varanasi. Ph. (0542)–2363455, website www.catjee.in
 [73]

Q 640  106 22. (D)

From (1) & (2) :  Amplitude of pendulum will very as
2 16
6 A  A0e t ,   damping constant
 Q  80 10 C
E  kA2  kA0e2 t
1 1
Q 80
C    F  5  F 2 2
16 16 2 t
7. (A) E  E0e
dq at t  0, E0  45J
I  q0 cos t
dt at t  15s, E  15J
dI d 2 q so, 15  45e2 15
  q0 2 sin t
dt dt 2 1
   n3
dI 3
maximum at sin t  1 23. (B)
dt
 dI  1 A  A0e t  b/ 2m
   q0 2 
 dt max LC  '  02   2
8. (A)
m     '  T 
9. (B)
10. (A)   e t 
 v R 100 24. (D)
z  100    cos   
 I z
 1 
2
A  A0ekt R
4
 ek40
(100)2    5
 C  k40
8  10e n4  n5  k  40
1
z  R( xL  xC )  2  0.693  1.6  k  40
2 0.22
11. (B) K1   5.5  103
40
12. (D)
0.214
13. (C) K2   5.2  103
14. (C) 40
K1 n1 K 5.2  103
k r2 r2 8   1.3  K2  1 
 1  K 2 n2 n 1.3
m 4mk mk 100
k 8 k  4  103
 1  0.98
m 4mk m A  A0e K2t
2 m 5  10e K2t
T1   2
 k n2  K2t
2 m
T2   2 4 103 t  0.693
 0.98k
693
Change = t  173sec.
1 4
1 25. (A)
T2  T1 0.98
 100   100  1% increases 
T1 1 A  0 highest Q  lowest Y
15. (B) 2Y
16. (D) 26. (A)
17. (B) F0 / m
A
18. (B)
19. (A) 2  r2
20. (D)
21. (A)

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 [74]

Exercise-1 4
1. [B] I2 rms =
2tdt =
1  t2

4


i = 4 sin (100t + 30º) ( 4  2) 2  2 
 2



= 4 sin (100 t + ) =
1 24
t 2 =
1
[16 – 4] = 3
6 4 4
sin (100 t + /6) maximum when  I rms = 3 A
(100 t + /6) is equal to /2 because sin is max.
  6. [A]
So 100 t + =
6 2 E = 200 cos 344 t and I = sin (314t + /4)
  The vector representation is.
100 t = – E
2 6 /4
 1
100 t = ; t = sec.
3 300 I
2. [A]
E1 = E0 sin wt 7. [C]
E2 = E0 cos wt XL = L = 2fL
E = E1 + E2 XL  f.
E = E0 sin wt + E0 cos wt 1
Hence graph between and f is a hyperbola
Erms =  E  2 XL
Erms=  E 02 sin 2 t  E 02 cos 2 t  2E 0 sin t  E 0 cos t  8. [C]
Since
=  E 02  2E 02 sin t cos t   
V = V +R
 

VL VC

= E 02  E 02
 sin 2t  {< sin 2t > = 0 Since VL = VC

Erms = E0  
V = V Hence V = 200 volt.Ans.
R
3. [D]
Time for reaching maximum or peak value 0 9. [B]
T 1 1 Amplitude of wattless current is
=
4
= ×
4 50
sec. I0sin  = 0.5 A
1 Z = 311 .
= sec. = 5 × 10–3 sec. E = 311 sin (100 t)
200
E0 311
Imin = 10 amp. and I0 = = = 1A.
I0 Z 311
Imin = 1
2 sin  = or  = 30º
2
I0 = Imin × 2 = 10 2 amp. Power factor
= 14.14 amp. 3
4. [A] cos  =
2
I2 = t; I = t 10. [D]
4 Refer to figure given in question
I2 rms =
2tdt =
1  t2

4

 V4 = 0 as VL and VC are having phase difference
( 4  2) 2  2  180º, these are equal and opposite. Hence V4 will
 2


read zero.
1 24 1
= t 2 = [16 – 4] = 3 11. [D]
4 4 Two voltmeters in above circuit V1 and V2 have
 I rms = 3 A equal readings at resonance.
5. [A] 12. [C]
I2 = t; I = t 100 VDC, I = 1A, 100 volt and 50 Hz
100
I = 0.5 A, R =
1
= 100 .

Raman Niwas, Near Aakashvani, Mahmoorganj, Varanasi. Ph. (0542)–2363455, website www.catjee.in
 [75]

100 18. [C]

Z= = 200 .
0 .5 i = i1 cos t + i2 sin t
Z2 = R2 + XL2 ; XL2 = Z2 – R2 or i = i12  i 2 2 sin (t + )
= (200)2 – (100)2
1
XL = 100 3 its rms value = (i12 + i22)1/2
2
XL 100 3 3
L= = = 19. [B]
 100  Alternating current lead applied emf by /2 when
= 0.55 H only capacitor is present in the circuit.
13. [A] 20. [A]
1
 L = R
= cos , = 0.866 and
R
= cos 2 = 0.5
C Z1 Z2
= (2f) = 100 
1 R
C= Z1 = = 1.155R Z2 = 2R
0.866
 L
2

1 1
Z = Z2 – Z1 = (2 – 1.155)R
= = = 10–5 Z
(100) 2 10 5 % increase in impedance = × 100
Z
= 10 µF 0.845R
14. [A] = × 100 = 73.2%
1.155R
V= VR 2  (VL  VC ) 2 21. [A]
0.707 I0 = I0 sin 2 nt
= VR 2  (3VR  2VR ) 2
sin 2nt= 45º = /4.
= VR 2  VR 2  1 1
t= × =
4 2n 8 n
or V = 2 VR
1
15. [D] =
8  50
2
 1  1
Z= R 2   L   t= sec = 2.5 ms
 C  400
2 22. [D]
 1 
= R  2fL 
2 Peak value of
 2fC  2
I = 4 sin t + 4 sin (t + )
if f = 0 ;  = 0 3
then z =  2
I1 = 4 sin t and I2 = 4 sin (t + )
if f =  ;  =  3
 then z = 
I = 42  42  2  4  4 cos 120
V
 i = =0
z I = 42  I = 4 Ans.
in both case i is zero Ans (D) Peak value = 4
16. [B] 23. [D]
E0 = 100 volt Given:
t is phase angle at any instant. I = 20 sin (100 t + /3)
E = 100 sin t VL = L I0 sin (/3 + /2) at t = 0
E = 100 sin 30 = L I0 cos /3.
1 1
= 100 × = 50 volt = 100  × 0.1 × 20 ×
2 2
17. [B] = 314 volt Ans.
Average value of current for complete cycle is 24. [B]
zero. Hence can not be measured by dc current Refer to figure given in question. In steady
condition capacitor acts as an open circuit, so
meters. impedance offered is infinite.

Raman Niwas, Near Aakashvani, Mahmoorganj, Varanasi. Ph. (0542)–2363455, website www.catjee.in
 [76]

25. [D] or L = 5
E = 200 sin (100 t) 5 5
= = = 500
R = 100 , L = 1 H L 10 10 3
Z = R 2  (L) 2  500
f= = = 80 Hz
2 2  3.14
Z = 100 2  (100 1) 2 = 100 2 31. [C]
200 1 When DC current flows, it is distributed
Iruns = × uniformly over entire cross section.
2 100 2
When high frequency AC flows through
Iruns = 1A
conductor. The current density not uniform
R
cos  = throughout the cross section and confined to
Z surface layer. Hence effective resistance is much
100 1 higher.
= =
100 2 2 Hence for AC a bundle of wire is preferred, to
Power = Erms Irms cos . reduce the resistance caused by skin effect.
200 1 32. [A]
= × 1× = 100 watt Give
2 2
Bulb 60 V and 10 W
26. [A]
Source voltage = 100 V AC
E = 2 cost
f = 50 Hz
and I = 2 sin t
60 60
 R= = 360  (resistance of bulb)
There is phase difference  = 10
2
therefore power dissipated in the instrument is I2R = 10 watt
zero. 10 10 1
27. [C] I = =  Amp.
R 360 6
If a resonance fr = 10 kHz. If increased to f = 11
V2 = VR2 + V22 = I2(R2 + XL2)
kHz impedance will increase and become 2
1 1
inductive, at 11 KHz, L > (100)2=   [R2 + XL2]
C 6
28. [C] or XL2= 360000 – (360)2
Inductive reactance will increase and there by XL = 480 .
impedance increases, current in the circuit XL 480
L= =
decreases will decreases intensity.  2  50
29. [B] 4 .8
B1, B2, B3 connected in series means same = = 1.53 H

current in each bulbs B1 and B3 are bright, B2 not 33. [C]
glowing as its resistance is less than B1 and B3. Refer to figure given in question
(Power used in each I2R). B1 and B2 are identical PD across each will
30. [C] depend on XL for B1 and XC for B2. XL and XC
Given L = 10 mH, choke coil. depend on frequency of source.
10 V D.C. Power Loss = 20 Watt 34. [D]
10 V AC Power loss = 10 watt Given 12 V DC., I = 4 A
f=? and 12 V AC, 50 rad/s
V2 10 10 I = 2.4 A.
R= = = 5.
P 20 L=?
 P = I2R 12V
R= = 3 (resistance of coil]
 10  10  4A
and In AC 10 =   × R
 Z2  and Z =
V
=
12
= 5.
or Z2= 10 × 5 = 50 I 2 .4
But Z2= R2 + (L)2 Z2 = R2 + XL2
(L)2= Z2 – R2 = 50 – 52 = 25 XL2 = Z2 – R2

Raman Niwas, Near Aakashvani, Mahmoorganj, Varanasi. Ph. (0542)–2363455, website www.catjee.in
 [77]

= 25 – 9 = 16 R
cos  =
XL = 4. R   2 L2
2
X 4
L= L = R
 50  ( R << L)
–2 L
L = 8 × 10 H
35. [C] Hence cos  is very small and power absorbed
=Vrms Irms cos  is very small.
V2
R= due to large impedance Z = R 2  2 L2 current
P
220 220 passing through coil is small.
= = 484 . Therefore we use such coils in a.c. circuits for
100
100 W adjusting current, and there is no loss of energy.
40. [A,B,D]
484  484  I(instantaneous) = 0
The circuit may have inductor, capacitor or
combination of inductor & capacitor
484  41. [A,D]
Reactance Zero, Means circuit may contain
inductor & capacitor or neither an inductor nor a
capacitor.
220V (50 Hz)
42. [B,D]
968  484 V 100
Req = = 322.67 . R= = = 10 .
968  484 I 10

V2 V2
P= P= = 1000 w
R eq R
Average power may be 1000 watt
220 220
= = 150 watt Average power may be less than 1000 watt.
322.67
36. [B] 43. [A,B]
I2R = I2rms R.
Zero average values over a cycle.
14 14
I= = 10 A (1) current (2) induced emf in the inductor
2
37. [C] 44. [A,D]
Given B = 10–2 T
Resistance R = 2 . 1
If 2 =
radius = 30 cm = 0.3 m LC
200 2  200
n= ,  = 2n = In Resonating condition the current is maximum
60 60 the voltage is maximum for resistance.
40 20
= =
6 3 Exercise-2
 E0 = BA 1. [A]
E BA 10 2  0.09  20 E = E0sin(100t)
I0 = 0 = = = 100 rad/s.
R R 3  2
from graph, current leading voltage by /4.
[A = r2 = (0.3)2 = 0.09  m2]
since R = 1000 .
I0 = 0.6 × 10–2 A = 6 mA
tan /4 = 1.
38. [B]
 XC = 1000 .
E = 75 sin t
1
I = 1.5 sin (t + 45º) XC =
C
From this there is no inductor in the black box.
1 1
39. [A] C= =
The power factor  XC 100  1000
or C = 10µF

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 [78]

2. Given L = 35 mH V2 = V
R = 11  , V = V0 sin t Also V2 = IR  Propotional to I.
vrms= 220 volt, f = 50 Hz Option (B), (C), (D)
I0 = ? and  = ? For (r) XL = L = (100 ) 6 × 10–3 1.88 
XL = L = 2fL R = 2
22 V1 = I XL; V2 = IR
=2× × 50 × 35 × 10–3
7 So V2  V1
= 11 . V2  I
also V1  I Option (A), (B), (D)
Z = 112  112
For (s) V1 = I XL
= 11 2 . 1
V2 = I XC where XC = 1061 
V
Irms = rm s =
220 volt
= 10 2 C
Z 11 2 again V1  I; V2  I, I  0
I0 = 2 Irms = 2 × 10 2 = 20 amps., Option (A), (B) (D)
X 11 For (t) V1 = IR when R = 1000 
tan  = L = =1 V2 = I XC when XC 1061 
R 11
V2 > V1
Z XL V1, V2  I and I  0
Option (A), (B), (D)
 5. [B,C]
R
or = /4 R C
Here current lags voltage.
2
I = I0sin (t – /4)  1 
Z1  R 2   
 C 
V ~
I R 4C
T 3T 9T
2
2 4 T 8  1 
3T T 3T 5T Z2  R  
2

8 4 8 8  4C 
~
Ans. 20 amps,  = /4 z1 > z2  IRA  IRB
3. [B] IKA IBK
VCA  ; VCB  ; VCB  VCA
C 4C
R C
6. [4]
Z = R 1.25
V0,   = RC
2
~  1 
R2 +   =Z
2

 1 
2  500C 
Z= R2    2
 C   1 
R2 +   = R × 1. 25
2

 increased z decreased  500C 

 current in circuit increase  1 
2
1
  = 0.25 R 
2
 Bulb glow brighter. = 0.5R
 500C  500C
4. [A  r,s,t; B  q,r,s,t;C  p,q; D  q,r,s,t]
1
= RC
For (p) Insteady state when I = constant 2500
VL = 0 = V 1 1
= RC
So V2 = V Option (C) 250
For (q) V1 = 0 again as I = constant 0.004 sec = RC

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 [79]

RC = 4 milli second. Exercise-3

7. [A, C] or C 1. I = I0 sin t

xL = L = 10 × 0.5 = 50  Given n = f = 50 Hz
1 1 I0
xC = =  100 I=
C 100100106 2
100 I0
100 or = I0 sin t
2
I1
1 
or sin t= t = 45º =
2 4
Z1 = 100 2
2 
I1 =
20
=
1 t = t =
T 4
100 2 5 2
 T T 1
1 t=  = =
Vacross 100  = 100 4 2 8 50  8
5 2 1 1
20 2 t = = sec.
=  = 10 2 Ans. (C) n 50
2 2 t = 2.5 × 10–3 sec = 2.5 ms  
Phase diff. between I1 & V Ans. 2.5 ms
R 100 2. I = IdC + Iac
 cos 1 = 1 =
Z1 100 2
I = 3 + 4 sin t
1 = /4 1/ 2
 T 
I1 lead V

  2
 0 (3 4 sin t dt ) 
50 50 Ieffective =  T


I2 dt 0
20 2 1/ 2
Z2 = 50 2 ; I2 = = 1  T 
50 2 5 2 =
T 
0 
(32  4 2 sin 2 t  24 sin t )dt 

2
Vrms across 50 =  50 T T
 
1
50 2 But sin tdt  and sin t  0
0 2 0
20 1/ 2
= = 10 2 Ans.  42 
2 Hence Ieff = 32  
2 = /4  2 
I2 lag V by /4 Ieff = 17 amp Ans.
I = I1 + I2
 3. Given E= 3 × 106 V/m
/4
d = 0.1 mm = 10–4 m.,
V
/4 A = 20 cm2
Vmax= E.D. = 3 × 106 × 10–4
 = 300 volt
Vrms = 0.707 Vmax = 0.707 × 300
INet = I12  I 22 = 210 volt
210 volt Ans.
4 1 5 1 4. Given C = 25 µF, L = 0.1 H
I=   
25 2 25 2 50 10
R= 25 , E = 310 cos 314 t
I = 0.316 314
(a) f = = 50 Hz
As I is not exactly 0.3 therefore IIT give answer 6.28
(b) XL = L = 314 × 0.1 = 31.4 .
either C or (A,C)

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 [80]

1 1
XC = = V= VR 2  VL 2
C 314  25 10 6
10 6 = (120) 2  (160) 2
= = 127.4 .
78.50 Vvirtual = 14400  25600
X = XL – XC = 40000 = 200 volt
= 31.4 – 127.4 = 96 .
V
Z = irtual = 200
(c) Z= R 2  X2 I rms
= 252  96 2 = 9841 = 99.2 If we use dc source
E0 PD = VR
Irms = = IR = 1 × 120 = 120 volt
2  99.2
Ans. 200 120 volt
310 7. i = 8 amp when only choke used.
= = 2.21 Amp.
2  99.2
96 100V
(d) = tan–1 = tan–1 3.84 Z = XL =
25 8amp
= 75.4º = 12.5 .
75.4 f = 50 Hz
or = = 1.316 radian
57.3 = (100)
310 XL = L
I0 = = 3.125 XL
99.2 L=
(e) I = 3.125 cos (314 t + 1.316) 
(a) 50 Hz, (b) 96  =
12.5
= 0.04 H
(c) 2.21 amp. (d) 1.316 radian 100
Ans. (e) I = 3.125 cos (314 t + 1.316) 100V
R = = 10 . (When only resistance is
5. I = I0e–t/ 10amp
used).
The current between t = 0 and t = . When 150 volt and f = 40 Hz used.
1/ 2
  2  XL = L = 2 × 40 × L

1/ 2
 2 
 0 I dt   
= 80 × 0.04 = 10 .
0 I 0
1
Irms =    =  2
e  dt 
  
 dt 
 0     R = 10. Z= 10 2  10 2
1/ 2 = 10 2 = 14.14 .
 
  2t   150V
      I 2 
1/ 2
I=
I 2
=  0 e   =  0 (e 2  1) 14.14
   2  
 
2 I = 10.60 amp (when used in series).
  0 
     Ans. I = 21.2 amp when used in parallel
1/ 2 1/ 2 8. Given
I 2  I 2 
=  0 (1  e 2 ) =  0 (1  e 2 ) L= 8 mH, R = 30 .
 2   2  E = 5 volts, f = 800 cps,
1/ 2 = 2 × f = 2 × 800
I 2  e 2  1  = 1600  rad/s
=  0  
 2  e 2  XL= L = 1600  × 8 × 10–3
 
= 12.8  = 40.19 .
I0 e2 1
= Ans. Z= R 2  2L2 = 30 2  (40.19) 2
e 2
6. Given VL = 160 volt, VR = 120 volt Z = 900  1615.4 = 2515.4
Vvirtual = 50.15.
Irms = I amp E 5
R = 120 , XL = 160 . i= = = 0.10 amp.
Z 50.15

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 [81]

XL 40.19 11. Given f = 60 Hz

tan = =
R 30 R= 2, L = 10 × 10–3 H
tan = 1.34 w = 2f = 120 
= 53.3º XL= L = 120  × 10 × 10–3
For radius  to 0º 1.2  = 3.768 .
1
XL = XC , XC = Z= R 2  XL2
C
or 40.19 =
1 = 2 2  (3.768) 2
C Z = 4.266 
1
C=
1600  40.19
= 5 × 10–6 F
Ans. 0.1 amp. , 53.3º, 5 µF X
9. Given L = 2H, C = 18 µC, R = 10 k. Z
E = 20 V having adjustable f fr and imax. at 
resonance. R
R
fr =
1 cos =
Z
2 LC
2
1 cos  = = 0.47
fr = 4.266
6.28 2 18 10 6 For cos  = 1, XL = XC = 3.768 
1 1
= 3
3.768 =
6.28  6 10 C
fr = 27 Hz 1
or C =
At resonance Z = R because XL = XR 3.768 120
20V C = 7.04 × 10–4 = 704 µF
Hence imax =
10 103  at resonance imax =
V
= 0.5 V
= 2 mA 2
Ans.27 Hz, 2 mA when inductor was used
10. Given AC source has internal resistance 104 . i=
V
= 0.2344 V
4.266
(i)
NS
= r to match with load 10. i= imax – i = 0.5 V – 0.2344 V
NP = 0.2656 V
IP2(104) = Is2s (10) i 0.2656
2
% increase = = ×100
IP 1 i m ax 0.5V
or =
IS 2 1000 = 53%
Ans.0.47, 704 µf, 53%
IP
or = 3.16 × 10–2 12. Given I = 1 amp.
IS
IP E N Power = 100 watt
since = S = S =r V= 110 volt AC, 50 Hz.
IS EP NP
Hence r = 3.16 × 10–2 L and R
= 100 
NS E = 314 rad/s
(ii) = S = 3.16 × 10–2 P = I2R
NP EP
P 100
Amplitude = 100 V R = 2
= = 100 .
ES = 3.16 × 10–2 × 100 I 12
ES = 3.16 volt V
I=
Z
Ans. (i) 3.16 × 10–2 (ii) 3.16 volt

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 [82]

V 110 R
or Z = = = 110 . 
I 1
Z2 = R2 + XL2 Z x
XL2 = Z2 – R2 = 1102 – 1002
XL = 2100 = 45.825 .
XL 45.825 74.757
L= = = 0.146 tan  =
 314 20
Ans. [100 and 0.146 H) = 3.738
13. Given R = 100  or  = tan–1 3.738 = 75º
E= (12V) sin (250 s–1)t and current leads voltage
E0= 12 V,  = 250 , Ans.  = tan–1 (3.738)
E 0 2 sin 2 t 15. Given : Length = 200 Km
H=  R
dt
1ms 1  cos 2t Capacitance = 0.014 µF / km.
= 1.44 0 2
dt C = 200 × 0.014 µF = 2.8µF
f = 50 KC/sec = 50000 Hz
 10 3 10 3 
= 0.72 
 0
 
dt  cos 2t dt 
0 
XC =
1
2fC
=
1
2  50000  2.8 10 6
 10 3  10
= 1.137 .
  3  sin 2t  
=
2.8
= 0.72 10   
  2   XL = XC
 
1.137 1.137
 sin 2  250  L = =
 1   2  50000
= 0.72   1000
 1.137 10 5
1000 2  250  = = 0.36 × 10–6
  
 1 1  or L = 0.36 µH
= 0.72    Ans. 0.36 µH
1000 500 
16. Power = 550 watt.
 1 2  V = 220 Volt, 50 Hz
= 0.72   
1000 1000  cos  = 0.8, current lags voltage
 2  0.72  1.14 required pF = 1, C required
= 0.72   = 1000  
1000  Vrms Irms cos  = 550
550
= 2.61 × 10–4 J vrms Irms = = 687.5
0 .8
Ans. 2.61 × 10–4 J
687.5 687.5
14. f = 50 Hz Irms = = = 3.125 amp.
Vrm s 220
R = 20 ,
Vrm s 220
L= 100 mH, C = 30 µF and Z = = = 70.4 .
I rm s 3.125
= ?
R
 = 2f = 100 p rad/s  cos  = = 0.8
Z
xL = L = 100 × 100 × 10–3 = 10 = 31.4 . R = 0.8 Z
1 1 1000 R = 0.8 × 70.4 = 56.32 .
XC = = =
C 100  30 10  6 3 XL2 = Z2 – R2 = (70.4)2 – (56.32)2
= 106.157  XL2 = 1784.22, XL = 42.24 .
1
X = XL – XC = 31.4 – 106.57 C=
X L
= 74.757 
1 1
C= = = 75µF
w 42.24 100  42.24
Ans. = 75µF

Raman Niwas, Near Aakashvani, Mahmoorganj, Varanasi. Ph. (0542)–2363455, website www.catjee.in
 [83]

17. Bulb 60 watt, 220 volt Vrm s 10

Z= = = 5.
I rm s 2
220  220
R= . XL2 = Z2 – R2 = 52 – 42
60
= 25 – 16 = 9
2  220
Imax = 
220  220 XL = 3.
6 xL 3
= = = 200 rad/s
6  1.414 8.484 L 0.015
= amp = = 0.039 amp.
220 220
 200
f= = = 31.8 cycles/sec.
Ans. 0.039 amp. 2 2  3.14
18. Given : = 31.8 cps
NP 20 XL 3
NS
=
1
, tan  = = = 0.75
R 4
VP = 250 volt, IS = 8 amp,  = 100 %  = tan–1(0.75) = 36.8º
NP V VL = Irms × XL = 2 × 3 = 6 volt
 = P
NS VS [Ans. (a) 5, (b) 31.8 CPS,
NS 1 36.8
VS = VP × = 250 × = 12.5 volt (c) radian, (d) 6 volt]
NP 20 180º

IS V 21.
= P
IP VS
+V0
V 8 12.5
IP = IS S =
VP 250 V T
T 3T
t
0–
IP = 0.4 amp. 2 2
–V0 T
out put power = VSIS = 12.5 × 8 = 100 watt.
Ans. 12.5 volt, 0.4 amp. , 100 watt (a) Average (b) rms value of saw tooth voltage.

19. Peak power = 80 watt The equation of saw tooth wave

V0 I0 = 80 watt 2V0  2t 
V= t – V0  1
T T 
V0 I 0
average power = = 40 watt. = 40 J/s
2 T/2

Hence energy consumed in 100 sec (a) Vav =

0 Vdt
T/2

=
40 J
× 100 s
0 dt
S
2V0 T / 2  2t 
E = 400 J or E = 4 kJ =
T 0   1 dt
T 
Ans. 4 kJ
2V0  T T  V
=  = 0
20. Given L = 0.015 H T  4 2  2

R = 1 + 3 = 4.
Irms = 2 amp, Vrms = 10 volt

Raman Niwas, Near Aakashvani, Mahmoorganj, Varanasi. Ph. (0542)–2363455, website www.catjee.in
 [84]

 T 2 
1/ 2 24. [C]
 V
(b) Vrms =  0 T 
dt  Voltage drop across the coil

 0
dt  = x 2L  r 2 × irms =
5
× 1002  102
2
1/ 2
V  T  4t 2 4t  

= 0   2   1dt  5 50
= × 10 101 = 101
T  0  T T  
  2 2

V0 V0  4T
1/ 2 25. [D]

=   2T  T 
T T 3  
In device X V lead i by
3
V0
=
3  In device X inductor & resistance must be

V0 V0

Ans. (a) (b) present, in device Y i lead V by
2 6
3
 In device Y capacitor and resistance must
22. [B]
be present.
coil 26. [D]
R L r
When both device are connected in series
XL
2
Voltage drop across 2R
Resistance = VR
 XC
VR = iR = 450 sin (1000 t – )
6
XL  XC X  XL
23. [A] tan  = or C
2R 2R
XL When they were connected individually then
Z  X
tan = L
3 R
 XL = 3 R
R+r  X
Place different between V & i is  and it is equal tan = C
6 R
 XL R
to tan  = XC =
4 Rr 3
X  XC  R  1 
XL = L  1000 × 0.1 = 100  tan = L =  3R   
2R  3   2R 
R = 90  1
 tan =
 100 3
tan =
4 90  r 
V lead i by
90 + r = 100 6
27. [D]
resistance of coil Device Y can not be pure inductor or capacitor
r = 10  Ans because in this case phase difference is 90º

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