NAVIGATION

1) What in the planning coverage of the ship’s passage plan ?

The ship’s passage plan is covered from Berth To Berth
Following 4 stages : 1.Appraisal 2.Planning 3.Execution 4.Mornitoring
1. Appraisal
 Collection all necessary information from Charter, Master, Company’s
instruction & Local Agent
 Collection all relevant information from Publications, Books, Notices, Radio
and Older Passage Plan
2. Planning
 Selection charts, checking charts and order it
 Indentify danger areas during voyage & make on chart
 Make all relevant information on chart to support during voyage
 Example : Course, Abort lines, Reporting lines, Pilot stations, Calling Master,
Contigency Anchorage, XTD (Cross Track Distance), XTL (Cross Track
Limit), No Go Areas, Wheel-Over Points, ECA line (Emission Control Area),
Base Line, HRA (High Risk Areas) etc…
3. Execution
 Must risk assessment and management
 Reporting for bridge team management
4. Mornitoring
 Must continuous effectively monitoring (giám sát thực tế) and checking during
voyage

2) What are information in the Passage Plan ?

 Passage plan including: Voyage Number, Last/Next Port name, Nautical/ENC
Charts Number, Waypoints list (Latitude/Longitude, Course, Distance, Total
Distance…), Estimate Energy Consumption or (ROB) Remain on board FO, DO,
Ballast water & FW, Safety parameter (UKC, Squat, Ship’s draft, Safety
Contour…), All necessary Publications (NTMs, Sailing Direction, List of Light
and Fog Signals, List of Radio Signals, Tide Tables), Channel contact with Pilot
station, VTS, Port control, etc…

3) Could you tell me some Publications need to be used when you make passage plan ?
1. NP01 – NP72 : Sailing Directions (76 Volumes)
2. NP74 – NP84 : List of Lights & Fog Signals
3. NP100 : Mariner’s Handbook
4. NP131 : Charts & Publications Catalogue
5. NP131A : Paper Chart Maintenance Record
6. NP 133C : Admiralty ENC Maintenance Record
7. NP136 : Ocean Passages for The World
8. NP201 – NP208 : Tide Tables
9. NP234(A), NP234(B) : Cumulative List of Notices to Mariners (Edition 6 months
one time)
A. NP234(A) includes all correction's number within the last two years
B. NP234(B) includes all correction's number within the last two and a half
years
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 10. NP247 : Annual Summary of Notices to Mariners (Published every January in 2
parts)
1. Part 1 : Annual Notices to Mariners, Temporary and Preliminary Notices
2. Part 2 : Updates to Sailing Direction and Miscellaneous Nautical
Publications (Các ấn phẩm hành hải khác)
11. NP281 – NP286 : List of Radio Signals
1. NP281 : Maritime Radio Stations
2. NP282(1) : Maritime Radio Stations
NP282(2) : Radio Aids to Navigation , Differential GPS (DGPS), Legal
Time, Radio Time Signals and Electronic Position Fixing Systems
3. NP283 : Maritime Safety Information Services (Parts 1&2)
4. NP284 : Meteorological Observation Stations
5. NP285 : Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS)
6. NP286 : Pilot Services, Vessel Traffic Services & Port Operations
(Parts 1,2,3,4 & 5)
12. NP294 : How to Keep Your Admiralty Product Up-to-Date
13. NP303 : Rapid Sight Reduction Tables for Navigation
14. NP314 : The Nautical Almanac
15. NP350 : Distance Tables
1. NP350(1) : Atlantic Ocean Volume 1
2. NP350(2) : India Ocean Volume 2
3. NP350(3) : Pacific Ocean Volume 3
16. NP735 : IALA Maritime Buoyage Systems
17. NP5011 : Symbols and Abbreviation Used on Paper Charts
18. NP5012 : Guide to ENC Symbols Used in ECDIS
19. Ship’s Routing
20. Routing Charts
21. Guide to Port Entry

4) When do you carry out correction Charts and Publications ?

 When I received : Latest Notices to Mariner or Navigation Warning from
Inmarsat_C or Navtex. I will carry out correction all Charts and Publications
 After correcting, I must record the correction number into the left corner of the
chart and record into Correction Logbook (NP131A)
 When have a new edition of chart and publication (in NTM chapter I, NP 234), I’ll
inform to Master and require Company to supply

5) Could you tell me the Charts correction procedures ?

 Make sure that received the Latest Notices to Mariners
 When correcting the chart, I must check the latest edition of chart first, check the
previous update correction number of chart and then insert, delete, amend, replace
by ink pen as per Notices to Mariners requested. After that, I record the correction
number into the left corner of the chart
 Temporary and preliminary corrections also I must to correct and record by pencil
on the chart
 Finally, all of these would need to be recorded in to Correction Logbook (Example
: chart No, correction No, correction date and sign, insert, delete, amend, replace
and accompany, etc...)

6) Please describe procedure deal with navigation warnings when you received them ?
Navigational warnings can be received through Navtex and EGC from Inmarsat_C
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  I will plot all points of Navigation warning on Chart/ECDIS, connected all points
and write in-force date, UTC time, cancel date, time and character of warnings on
the Chart/ECDIS. Example : gunnery, fire exercise, etc…
 When Navigation warning out-force date I also shall delete from Chart/ECDIS
7) What do you do when received voyage instruction from Master ?
 Make preliminary passage plan from berth to berth (can or not). If can not make
from berth to Pilot station and waiting the right information from local Agent
 Make distance table & report the approximate distance to Master
 All of these would need to be taken under Master's instruction and reviewed by
Master before reporting
 When Master confirmed with me. The passage plan is okay. I will start making
detailed passage plan and complete them before departure

8) Why do you comply the Passage Plan ?

 To ensure the safety of the ship and personnel
 To ensure navigation of the ship is shortest and safest
 To ensure the ship stick to the required route (đi đúng lộ trình cần thiết) for
reaching the port of destination
 Identify potential problems and hazard along the route to avoid
 Predict in advance the unfavorable weather (thời tiết bất lợi) or sea conditions to
avoid

9) What is Line of position or LOP ? When GPS failure at Japan Inland-sea, which
action should be taking to reduce the risk immediately ?
 A line of position (LOP) is a line established by observation or measurement
where the ship position is expected to be located anywhere along that the line. On
a position line the ranges, bearings and distance can be found. Range is when two
landmarks form a line, for example when a lighthouse is aligned with a
mountaintop or a hill

 When GPS failure at Japan Inland-sea, the OOW shall :

 Keep navigate with LOP offset (Line of Position)

10) What is PI ( Parallel Index ) ? What is the purpose of Parallel Index lines ?
 Parallel indexing is a technique. This technique involves creating a line on the
screen that is parallel to the ship's course, but offset to the left or right by some
distance
 Parallel indexing is a vessel navigation technique used as a measure to monitor the
progress of a vessel and to keep the vessel at a safe distance from the shoreline or
rock

11) What is Look Ahead in ECDIS ?

 Look ahead function (also known as Watch Vector, Anti-Grounding Setting or
Guard Zone) - It is the Ahead window for the input of advance time for alarm /
warning generation. This would need to be determined by the Master and is
dependent on the ship’s speed, traffic situation, geographical limitations and
maneuverability
 Generally, It should be set at not lower than 10 minutes in open sea depend on
ship’s speed. This may be lowered in coastal waters based on the situation

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 12) Pivoting
Point ?
 Pivoting Point is considered
to be the center of leverage
for forces acting on the ship
 The Pivot Point is generally
1/3 ship’s length from the
bow when the ship is moving
ahead and between 1/4 ship’s
length from the stern and the
rudder post when going
astern

13) What is Wheel-Over Point, Way Point, Abort Line, Contingency Anchorage, Cross
Track Limit (XTL) ?
 Wheel-Over Point :
 A position on chart, it required the vessel commence altering course to next WP
 Way Point :
 WP is a position show on chart, It is plan to change course
 Abort Line :
 A point of no return, before entering narrow channel or shallow water that is the
line when passing the ship can not turn back due to narrow space or heavy traffic
density
 Contingency Anchorage :
 An Anchorage area marked after the abort point or point of no return where the
ship can anchor in case of an emergency if the events don’t go as planed and the
ship had to take emergency action
 Cross track limit (XTL) :
Port and Starboard corridor width or Cross track limit (XTL) – This also would
need to be determined by the Master as it is depending on expected traffic situation,
ship particulars and geographical limitations (channels width, fairways, etc…)
 As a minimum the corridor width to either ship side should be set not less than to
0.15 NM
 For Ocean not less than 0.5 NM on either side of shipside

14) What is Vector and Sector in ECDIS ? Setting AIS/TT Target Filter & CPA/ TCPA ?
 Vector area defines the area in length (6’) and width (50m)
 Sector area defines the area in radius (6’) and width (angle 20o)

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 Pilotage/Confined Coastal
SGZ Alarm Setting Open sea
waters waters
Length (min) 06 12 24
Vector
Width (m) 50 185 250
Radius (min) 06 12 24
Sector
Width (deg) 20 45 359.9
 Setting AIS/TT Target Filter & CPA/TCPA
MENU => (1) AIS/TT => AIS/TT Setting (0)
AIS Filter Ring 12 NM/ 6NM/3 NM Open Sea/Coasting/Harbour
AIS Filter Sector 60 degrees each side
CPA 3 NM
TCPA 18 Minutes

Head Line

SECTOR
Ring Area

15) Please explain what does “UKC” and “SQUAT” mean ?

 UKC stand for under keel clearance
 UKC is clearance between sea bed to keel, UKC effect by SQUAT, current, tide,
wave, change water density
 UKC is equal to the minimum total water depth at the location of the ship minus
the maximum dynamic draft of the ship
UKC = Minimum Total Water Depth – Maximum Dynamic Draft
The Dynamic Draft is the distance from the water’s surface to the lowest
point on the ship’s keel when the ship is in motion and is subject to SQUAT, sea
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 and swell influences and increase of draft due to heel when turning/ status of sea
(rolling or pitching)
The Static Draft is the distance from the water’s surface to the lowest point
on the ship’s keel when the ship is stationary and is not subject to SQUAT, sea
and swell influences
 Dynamic Draft = Static Draft + Squat
 UKC depend on the vessel at open sea, shallow water, narrow channel or at berth
 My previous company’s policy at open sea is 50% maximum draft, at narrow
channel or shallow water is 1m or 10% maximum draft choice which is greater, at
berth is 0.5m
 Predicting UKC for a ship in shallow water (when the ship is in motion):
[Net UKC]= Chart datum (H) + High of tide (HOT) - Max Dynamic
Draft (Dmax) – [Squat, heel, wave response]

 SQUAT is a combination between the ship’s body sinking & change in trim of the
ship when making the way, The major factors affecting SQUAT are ship’s hull
(block co – efficient, sea depth, ship’s speed)
 To maintain of minimum SQUAT effect by reduce minimum ship’s speed
2
Cb× v
Max SQUAT = (Narrow Channel)
50
2
Cb× v
Max SQUAT = (Open Sea)
100
Change in TRIM about bow Cb>0.7
Change in TRIM about stern Cb<0.7

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 16) Could you tell me some PRAMETER on ECDIS for safety navigation or anti
grounding ?
Maximum Draft, Shallow Contour, Safety Contour, Safety Depth, Deep Contour,
Safety Vertical Clearance
 Shallow Contour : indicates the depth below a vessel could run aground and it is
equal to vessel’s Maximum Static Draft
 Shallow contour = Maximum Static Draft
 Minimum setting on ECDIS :
 Shallow contour = Maximum Static Draft + Squat (Maximum Expected)
Shallow contour = Maximum Dynamic Draft
 Safety Contour = Safety Depth = Maximum Static Draft + UKC (Company’s
Policy) + SQUAT (Maximum Expected) + CATZOC (Chart Accuracy) –
Height of Tide (HOT)
 Safety Contour : is calculated same as per Safety Depth and activates ALARM
when the depth is less
 Deep Contour is calculated by 2 times Maximum Static Draft
Deep Contour = 2 times Maximum Static Draft
 ( It’s up to you, generally 2 or 4 times vessel’s maximum static draft )
 Safety vertical clearance: If available, to be set as Air Draft + 2 meters overhead
clearance as per company’s policy
 Overhead clearance requirement (OHC)
Overhead clearance of 5 meters from overhead power cable
Overhead clearance of 2 meters from all other overheads
 To ensure vessels safety passing under overhead obstructions such as bridges,
cable cars, power cables, etc…

 Depth Alarm Setting Parameters on ECDIS:

Safety Contour Draft + UKC (Policy) + Max. expected Squat

Shallow Contour Draft + Max Squat expected on the voyage.
Safety Depth Same as Safety Contour
Spot sounding Value Same as safety contour
Deep Contour 2 X Draft.

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 17) What different between Safety Depth and Safety Contour ? For example: Safety Depth
is 18m & Safety contour also 18m ? What different between these ?
 Safety depth will highlights Unsafety depth, these values less than input value
 Safety contour will highlight isolated danger symbols. Isolated danger symbols
indicate wreck, rock or obstruction which there are depth less than safety contour
setting or where the depth is unknown and we can mark all points and connect all
point and that is the No go areas

18) Do you know CATZOC ?

CATZOC stand for Category Zone of Confidence. CATZOC values are used to
indicate the accuracy of data presented on chart to assist Mariner with determine a safety
UKC, Safety Contour, the approximate of depth at the location of the ship depend on it's
confidence zone, etc…
 CATZOC is divided into A1, A2, B, C, D, U
Example:
If on an ENC map, CATZOC is Confidence zone B, this would mean that
 The location of depths marked on this chart may be inaccurate by approximately
50 meters, or
 The possible error of the depth is 1 meter + 2% of the depth, e.g., if the mapped
depth shows 20 meters, the error in that could be 1.4 meters (1 meter + 2% of 20
meters)

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 19) How many kind about DISPLAY mode on ECDIS ? When performance test &
frequency on ECDIS ?
On ECDIS have 3 kinds :
 BASE mode : not use for navigation
 STANDARD mode : minimum requirement for navigation
 OTHER mode : not compulsory depend on navigation can use or not use
 Performance test must to carry out 3 months interval to confirm ECDIS all
information display
Last version : 4.0

20) How do you know SCALE MINIMUM ?

 Each object in an ENC has a SCAMIN value. So when we zoom in/out over
SCAMIN. The object’s information will be not displayed
 SCAMIN must be selected OFF for appraisal, planning and review to ensure all
information is always displayed
 SCAMIN must be selected ON for execution and monitoring of the Voyage plan
in order to reduce the effect of over-crowded display

21) How do you understand AIO , T&P, Readme.file and ADP & e-NPs ?
AIO stand for Admiralty Information Overlay :
 AIO is digital dataset designed to be display over AVCS (Admiralty Vector Chart
Service) in ECDIS and other chart systems
 AIO contains all relevant information temporary and preliminary Notices to
Mariners (NTMs) and highlights navigation significant different between
electronic navigation charts (ENCs) & Admiralty paper chart which published as
ENC preliminary NMs (EPNMs)
T&P stand for Temporary Preliminary Notices to Mariners
 T&P also temporary editions providing to Mariner navigation significant
information but not yet fully

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 Readme.file :
 Contains lastest information available to be used on ENC
 Readme.file should be reviewed for change when you update ECDIS
 Readme.file providing all relevant information necessary or be changed also
announced in this folder
ADP stand for Admiralty Digital Publication :
 ADP includes ADMIRALTY Total Tide (ATT), ADMIRALTY Digital List of
Lights (ADLL) and ADMIRALTY Digital List of Radio Signals (ADRS)
E-NPs stand for Electrolic Nautical Publications
 ADMIRALTY e-NPs include electronic versions of Sailing Directions and other
reference nautical publications

22) What is the difference between RNC (Raster Navigation Chart) & ENC (Vector Chart) ?
 RNC (Raster Navigation Chart)
+ Raster chart is copied or scanned from paper chart
+ Error on paper chart transfer to Raster chart
+ Raster chart do not support feature layering of information and safety route check
 ENC (Electronic Navigaiton Chart - Vertor Chart)
+ Vertor chart is a large database of information
+ Vertor chart support layering of information
+ Vertor chart can detect Alarm and safety route check

23) What does CPA & TCPA mean ? CPA policy ?

 CPA is closest point of approaching (closest distance of our vessel to approaching
vessel)
 TCPA is time to closest point of approaching (time to closest distance of our
vessel to approaching vessel)
 CPA Policy as following :

Astern (NMs)
Ahead (NMs) Abeam (NMs)
24) M
ent at open sea 6 1 2 io
n
in restricted area 2 0.3 0.5

in narrow channel 0.5 0.2 0.3

instruments on Navigation equipments ?
 Radar
 GPS (Global Position System)
 Sextant
 Gyro compass
 Magnetic compass
 Speed distance log device
 Echo sounder

25) Please describe how do you take care of Magnetic Compass ?

 The liquid of magnetic compass shall be regularly checked for air bubbles, clean
glass and shall be always covered when it is not in use

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  Besides, It also should be checked again after the ship carried Steel or Anchored a
long time

26) What does the frequency of deviation check of Magnetic compass during your
navigation watch ?
 Once every watch made by OOW, using appropriate methods by Star, Moon, Sun,
Leading line (when the ship is in narrow channel)
 Using necessary publications such as
 NP303 : Rapid Sight Reduction Tables for Navigaiton
 NP314 : The Nautical Almanac
 When the ship big altering course (more than 30o)
 Before entering narrow channel

27) How do you calculate Gyro compass error ?

 First, We need to observe Date, UTC, Ship’s position and observed body (Sun,
Moon, and Star)
 Second, calculate GHA and LHA, then use NP314: The Nautical Almanac,
NP303: Rapid Sight Reduction Tables for Navigaiton to calculate index number
A, B and C.
 After finding Azimuth

28) When do you test frequency of RADAR ? What purpose of PM test ? Which speed
use for navigation ?
Radar frequency should be tested before departure and every watch by PM test
(Performance Monitor) when the ship is underway at sea after that record into Radar
Logbook
Performance Monitor – test on radar checks the transmission power and receiving
sensitivity of the radar. For example: if the transmission power of the radar is not enough,
radar may not paint some the targets. Or radar may only paint the targets with very less
sensitivity (faint Echoes)
Magnetron current should be between 5 - 9.5. If actual Magnetron current is on
higher this range, the Magnetron is okay
On radar has 2 speeds :
 Speed Thourgh Water – STW (GPS)
 Speed Over Ground – SOG (LOG speed)
 On Radar use LOG speed for navigation

29) On your duty if you found Radar no target. What should you do ?
 I check error code on Radar
 I check Gain, Tune, Antenna (running or not)
 After I carry out to repair follow instruction book first and check can or not. If can
not inform Master and repair under company’s instruction

30) Can you tell me GMDSS equipments on bridge ?

 Inmarsat_C, Inmarsat_F, MF/HF, VHF, Two-way VHF, NBDP, Navtex, GPS,
SART & EPIRB, Echo Sounder, Radar

31) Navigation Warning MSGs by EGC, NAVTEX ? If you received Distress message
vessel sunk. What do you do ?
EGC stand for Enhanced Group Calling

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 EGC means the system for broadcasting messages via the mobile satellite
communications system operated by Inmarsat Global Limited. EGC is a part of the
Inmarsat_C system and supports two services: SafetyNET and FleetNET
EGC message can be received by Inmarsat_C everyday & in-force list of warnings
can be received from Inmarsat_C every week
 Every Watch, the OOW should be :
+ Check EGC message from Inmarsat_C
+ Check nature of message and what kind of message. If affect to my route input
in ECDIS and fix on paper chart

NAVTEX stand for Navigation Telex (NP285. P256)

NAVAREAs have 21 areas (I to XXI)
Have 11 types of message
Besides, have 4 important messages canot reject
 A: Navigation warnings
 B: Mateorological warnings
 D: S&R (Search & Rescue) information and Pirate Attack
 L: Other navigation warnings additional to letter A
 Navtex transmission max range 400 miles
 Max transmission time of 10’ every 4 hours
 Frequency of 518kHz for International Lenguage
 Frequency of 490kHz for Local Lenguage
 If you received Distress message vessel sunk. What do you do ?
First time, Check nature of message and fix position ship sunk on chart / input on
ECDIS to compare the present ship’s position and then compare my rounte in passage
plan. Report to Master and next duty Officer if near from ship or affect to my route

32) When you received Distress Message from MF/HF what do you do ?
 Check nature of Distress message
 Check position & how far from ship’s position to Distress’s position
 If near from ship inform to Master
 Acknowledgement Distress massage
 Make plan to rescue
 If far from ship continuous listening and monitoring D/M from MF/HF

33) How to know arrangement of Abandon ship station on merchant marine vessels ?
 The signal for ABANDON SHIP is 7 short blasts and 1 prolonged blast of ship’s
whistle then General Alarm and verbal order. When such signal was heard, all
crew members must to standby at Muster Station and reporting your designed
station
 Arrangement of Abandon ship station can be found the following :
+ Muster list
+ Emergency instruction card
+ Station bill

34) How many SART on board, location, when using ? How to test SART ?
 SART stand for Search and Rescue Transponder
 Have 2 pieces on the bridge
 SART only respond radar X-band, 9GHz, wave length 3cm
 When ABANDON ship bring it to Lifeboat
 Self test should be carried out monthly and before departure
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  Test procedure as following :
1. Start radar (X band) and change the range to 12 NM
2. Bring the SART out side the bridge and turn on the SART TEST mode
3. After I check have 12 dots ring on radar’s screen (from the center of radar’s
screen to outside)
 So in this case SART normally operation

35) How many EPIRB on board, location, frequently self-test ? (SOLAS, CH. III. Reg. 15)
 EPIRB stand for Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon
 1 piece on bridge’s starboard wing
 Automatic release at depth not more than 4m
 Self test should be carried out monthly and before departure
 Shore – base maintenance should be carried out not more than 5
years

36) How many two-way VHF on bridge, How many channel on two-way VHF, How to use ?
 Have 3 sets on bridge
 Operating channels 06, 13, 15, 16, 17, 68
 Operating time more than 8 hours
 Function test, shape test should be carried out
at monthly interval
 When ABANDON SHIP or RESCUE
OPERATON bring it to Life boat

06 Safety and Internship Communications

13 Internship Navigation Safety
15 Environmental
16 International Distress, Safety & Calling
17 Special Purpose
68 Maritime Radio
70 DSC for Distress, Urgency, Safety

37) VDR Performance (PM) test ?

 VDR stand for Voyage Data Recorder
 Take out AC Fuse keep running the battery capacity for 2hours
 If under 2hours inform to JRC replace new once
 CF (Compact Flash) Card duration & capacity 12hours & 2.0GB
 Operating time minimum 30 days after submerged in the water
 Battery test press Blackout test button & Batt- Operation LED light

38) What is LRIT ?

 LRIT stand for Long-Range Identification and Track
 LRIT can be sent by INM_C position data reporting to Ship’s Flag every 6 hours
with following the schedule using DNID (Data Network Identification Code)

39) GMDSS (Global Maritime Distress and Safety System) ?

GMDSS batteries provide power to GMDSS equipments in case ship’s main as
well as emergency power fail

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 Batteries should provide power to operate GMDSS for: (As per SOLAS Ch.4 Reg.13)
 1h in case GMDSS has the power from emergency generators
 6h in case GMDSS does not has the power from emergency generators
 GMDSS batteries must be recharged to the required minimum in less than 10
hours
 The capacity of the batteries must be checked at interval not exceeding 12 months
For the ON load / OFF load test. Following procedure should be followed:
Turn Off AC (Alternating Current) power and using battery DC (Direct Current)
power only
OFF-LOAD : when no equipment is connected and supply to GMDSS equipments
is from direct ship supply, the battery should read 25V or slightly more
ON LOAD : switch Off the AC power and note the voltage of the battery at this
time (24V). Switch to SSB (Single Side Band) mode on MF/HF and then press the PTT on
MF/HF transceiver. If the voltage falls more than 10%, it indicates that the battery is
either weak or not charged fully. In this case, batteries should be recharged
OFF load = 25V
ON load = 24V (DC only)
After Test switch to ship supply AC power ON

GMDSS [Daily, Weekly, Monthly Tests]

Daily
 VHF, Navtex self test
 MF/HF self & functions tests
 Battery (GMDSS) On load / Off load
 All GMDSS Printer test
 GPS self test

Weekly
 DSC function test with Shore Station / Ship Station call over 1 of 6 DSC
frequencies (ID From NP281, 282, 285)
 NBDP test call with shore radio
 If are you test DSC ship to ship but her could not reply. What should you do?
 I will call her by VHF on CH 16 and ask her reply

Marine Distress Frequencies (Radio Telephone (R/T) & DSC)

Band R/T Frequency DSC Frequency Day Time Range Night Time Range
MF 2182 kHz 2187.5 kHz 150 NM 500 NM
HF4 4125 kHz 4207.5 kHz 300 NM 1000 NM
HF6 6215 kHz 6312 kHz 600 NM 1500 NM
HF8 8291 kHz 8414.5 kHz 1000 NM 2000 NM
HF12 12290 kHz 12577 kHz 2500 NM
HF16 16420 kHz 16804.5 kHz
156.800 MHz 156.525 MHz
VHF 30 NM 30 NM
(Channel 16) (Channel 70)

Monthly
 EPIRB, SART self test
 Inmarsat_C PV test
 Two – way VHF function & shape tests
 Reserved batteries
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  Check condition of antenna, insulation of antenna, confirm clean free of rust &
other deposits
 Monthly carried out education for all officer sending Distress by Master

40) What does SSAS mean ? How do you send SSAS test ?
 SSAS (Ship Security Alert System)
 Annual check of complete SSAS system must be carried out by Master. Only
one annual SSAS TEST is mandatory. Besides, also may be carried out 3
months per time depend on SMS of company
 Carried out Security button test to confirm all in good condition
 SSAS testing procedure:
+ Send message to CSO (Company Security Officer) for request of testing SSAS
+ Received confirmation from CSO
+ Carried out testing as per manual instruction
+ Waiting for confirmation from CSO for testing results
+ Print out all message and record into file.

41) How many NUC Lights ? Visibility of light for vessel 50 meters or greater ?
 Have 2 portable NUC lights, space between each lights not less than 2m
 On bridge have to at least 3 black balls, 1 diamond, 1 cylinder
 2 black balls, vertical distance between shapes at least 1.5m, diameter not less than
0.6m
When vessel NUC, the vessel shall exhibit :
 2 all around red lights in a vertical line where they
can best be seen in the night time
 2 balls or similar shapes (spherical shape) in a
vertical line where they can best be seen in daytime
 When making the way through the water, in addition to
the lights prescribed in this paragraph, exhibit more
sidelights and a sternlight

 Visibility of light for vessel’s length ≥ 50m: (Rule 21,22)

 Masthead light: visibility 6 miles, the arc of
horizon 225o
 Sidelights: visibility 3 miles, the arc of horizon
112.5o
 Stern light: visibility 3 miles, the arc of horizon
135o
 White, red, green or yellow all round lights: 3
miles, the arc of horizon 360o

42) Rule 34 : Maneuvering & Warning Signals ?

 When vessel are in sight another vessel :
1 short blast : I alter my course to SBT side. Signal Flag: E ( . )
2 short blasts : I alter my course to Port side. Signal Flag: I ( . . )
3 short blasts : I’m operating stern propulsion. Signal Flag: S ( . . . )
 When vessel are in sight another vessel in narrow channel or fairway :
2 prolonged blasts 1 short blast : I intend to overtake you on your STB side
2 prolonged blasts 2 short blasts : I intend to overtake you on your Port side
1 prolonged blast 1 short blast 1 prolonged blast 1 short blast : indicate Agreement

15
  At least 5 short blasts / quick flash light ( . . . . . ) vessel in doubt or miss
understand
 A vessel nearing the bend or an area of the channel or fairway where other vessels
may be obscured by an intervening obstruction (mục tiêu cản trở) shall navigate
with a special caution & shall sound 1 prolonged blast. Such signal shall be
answered with a prolonged blast by any approaching vessel that may be within
hearing around the bend or behind the intervening obstruction

43) Rule 35: Sound signal in restricted visibility ?

 A power – driven vessel making the way through water shall sound at interval not
more than 2 minutes 1 prolonged blast
 A power – driven vessel underway but stopped no making way through water
shall sound at interval not more than 2 minutes 2 prolonged blasts in succession,
interval between them 2 seconds duration
 Vessel NUC, Restricted Ability To Maneuvering (RAM), Vessel contrained by
her draft shall sound at interval not more than 2 minutes 1 prolonged blast 2 short
blasts in succession

44) Definitions Blast signal ?

Rule 32: Definitions of sound and light signal
 Short blast : 1 second duration
 Prolonged blast : from 4 to 6 seconds duration
 Interval between Blasts : 2 seconds duration
 Interval between Signals : not less than 10 seconds

45) IALA Buoyage systems (International Association of Lighthouse Authorities) ?

 Lateral mark used for buoyage channel, they indicate port or starboard of the
route on channel
It’s divided into 2 regions :
• Buoyage Region A (STB side is green)
• Buoyage Region B (STB side is red)
For example : Nort of American, Japan, Philipine, Taiwan and Korea


Cardinal mark are used to indicate where safety
water area for safety navigation

16
  Isolate danger mark are used to
indicate danger surrounding water
area
 Safety water mark are used to
indicate safety water around the
mark , such as mid-channel
 Special mark are used to indicate
to Mariner special areas such as
speed restrictions or mooring area
 Emergency Wreck Marking
Buoy are used to indicate very
danger for navigation

46) How many pieces of parachute rocket signal on the bridge ?

On the bridge has 12 pcs

47) How many pieces of line throwing appliances on

the bridge ?
On the bridge has 4 pcs, throwing distance
over 230m, line length over 320m

48) UTC same as GMT ?

Universal Time Corrdinate same as Greenwich Mean Time

49) LOGBOOK correction method ?

Logbook must be correctly completed & free from correction fluid, if error using
cross line with signature

50) MARPOL, SOLAS, COLREG 72, STCW, IMDG, NBDP, MLC, SART, EPIRB, INM-C,
GMDSS, BNWAS, P&I, ISM, SMS, DOS, MMSI, ISPS, SOPEP, IMSBC, ECDIS, ADP,
ENP, EEBD, SCBA, PPE, PMS , SIRE, CDI, MSDS, ISGOTT, IHO, WMO, WWNWS ?
MARPOL : International Convention for Prevention Pollution from Ship at sea
SOLAS : International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea
COLREG 72 : International Regulation for Preventing Collisions at Sea
STCW : International Convention on Standards for Trainning, Certification and
Watchkeeping for Seafarer
IMDG : International Maritime Dangerous Good
NBDP : Narrow Band Direct Printing
MLC : Maritime Labour Convention
SART : Search and Rescue Transponder
EPIRB : Emmergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon
INM-C : International Maritime Satellite Organization
GMDSS : Global Maritime Distress and Safety System
BNWAS : Bridge Navigation Watch and Alarm System
P & I : Protection & Indemnity Reprehensive
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 ISM : International Safety Management
SMS : Safety Management System
DOS : Declaration Of Security
MMSI : Maritime Mobile System Identify
ISPS : International Ship & Port Facility Security System
SOPEP : Shipboard Oil Pollution Emergency Plan
IMSBC : International Maritime Solid Bulk Cargoes Code
ECDIS : Electronic Chart Display and Information System
ADP : Admiralty Digital Product
ENP : Electronic Nautical Publication
EEBD : Emergency Escape Breathing Device
SCBA : Self – Contained Breathing Apparatus
PPE : Personal Protect Equipment
PMS : Plan Maintenance System
IHO : International Hydrographic Organization
WMO : The World Meteorological Organization
WWNWS : The World-Wide Navigational Warning Service

51) Who is SSO on board ? What is SSP, DPA, CSO, Restricted area on board ?
SSO is Master or Chief Officer as company policy
SSP means Ship Security Plan, SSO will hold SSP
DPA means Designated Person Ashore
CSO means Company Security Officer
Restricted areas on board are Bridge, E/R, Acommodiation, Store, Cargo hold, Fresh
water tanks, Provision store….

52) Do you understand ISM Code ? What is purpose of ISM ? What does SMS, SMF, SMC,
DOC stand for ?
- Yes, I understood.
 ISM Code means: International Safety Management Code
 ISM Code was provided an international standard for the safety management,
safety operation of the ship and pollution prevention. Described the access to
achieve safety managements activities to all concerned function departments... For
example: What to do, When to do, Why to do, Who to do, Where to do, How to
do.
- What does SMS, SMF, SMC, DOC stand for ?
+ SMS means: Safety Management System
+ SMF means: Safety Management Form
+ SMC means: Safety Management Certificate
+ DOC means: Document Of Compliance

53) How do you understand with ISPS Code ? What is purpose of ISPS ?
Yes, I have known.
 ISPS Code means: International Ship & Port facility Security Code
 The objectives of ISPS Code are: detect security threats and take preventive
measures against security incidents affecting ships or port.
 I had studied, training follow ISPS Code, such as: Practice pirates, practice bomb
onboard, stowaway drill, etc... About 3 months one time
In ISPS Code have 3 security levels:
 Level 1: stand for the level for which minimum appropriate protective security
stand for shall be maintained at all time
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  Level 2: stand for the level for which appropriate additional protective security
stand for shall be maintained for a period of time as a result of heightened risk of a
security incident
 Level 3: stand for the level for which further specific protective security stand for
shall be maintained for a limited period of time when a security incident is
probable or imminent, although it may not be possible to identify the specific
target

54) MARPOL ANNEX ?

ANNEX I : POLLUTION BY OIL
ANNEX II : POLLUTION BY NOXIOUS LIQUID SUBSTANCE IN BULK
ANNEX III : POLLUTION BY HARMFUL SUBSTANCE CARRIED BY SEA
IN PACKAGE FORM
ANNEX IV : POLLUTION BY SEWAGE FROM SHIP
ANNEX V : POLLUTION BY GARBAGE FROM SHIP
ANNEX VI : PREVENTION OF AIR POLLUTION FROM SHIP

New proposed MARPOL Annexes are:

ANNEX VII: POLLUTION BY BALLAST WATER FROM SHIP
ANNEX VIII: POLLUTION BY ANTIFOULING PAINTS FROM SHIPS
ANNEX IX: POLLUTION BY NOISE FROM THE SHIP
ANNEX X: POLLUTION BY VIBRATION OF THE SHIP

55) MLC policy ?

MLC stand for Maritime Labour Covention (8 hours /day)
 Maximum hours of working not more than 14 hours in any 24-hours period
 Maximum hours of working not more than 72 hours in any 7-days period
 Minimum hours of rest at least 10 hours in any 24-hours period
 Minimum hours of rest at least 77 hours in any 7-days period
 The hours of rest can be divided into not more than 2 periods, one of which must
be at least 6 hours long
 You can not working 14 hours without taking rest

56) Could you tell me. How to management Garbage onboard ? How many drums are you
prepare ? What is kinds of garbage can discharge to the sea ?
 Yes, I known, the Garbage onboard should be collected to Garbage station and
separated/ classified and put into drums follow Annex V of Marpol
 EXAMPLE: Plastics put into 01 drum, Food wastes put into 01 drum, Domestic
wastes (such as: paperproducts, rags, glass, metal, bottles, crockery, etc..), put into
01 drum, Cooking oil (including: oily rags) put into 01 drum, Incinerator ash,
Medical waste put into 01 drum, Electric waste put into 01 drum, Cargoes residues
put into 01drum
 I know the plastic garbage and all garbage on board excepted food waste never
discharge at sea
 Only Food waste can discharge to the sea at least 12 nautical miles off shore
 The discharged Garbage on board must record in the Garbage Record Book

57) What do you action when you detect MOB ?

 Let go Lifebuoy or any floating objects
 Big sound / I shout MOB MOB MOB on SBT side or Port side & report to duty
officer on the bridge immediately
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  Keep sharp look out the victim’s position as soon as possible

58) What does the duty officer action when MOB ?

 Steering hard over to MOB side immediately
 Release Lifebuoy or any floating objects
 Press MOB button on GPS and ECDIS
 Inform Master come on the bridge immediately
 MOB sound signal (Three long rings) and MOB station standby, post lookout,
Engine standby all of these actions almost at same time
 Sound General Alarm on the ship’s whistle. Thereafter, announce the MOB
situation on the ship’s PA (Public Address) system to ensure all crew members
known about the emergency situation
 Addition the appropriate “ O ” flag (If daytime)
 Start manoeuvering WILLIAMSON turn, ANDERSON turn

 The Officer should be considered as following :

+ Maneuver ability of the ship
+ Freeboard of the ship
+ Point on the ship which casualties may be recovered
+ Wind force and direction, wave height and swell
+ Prepare personal protective equipment (PPE)
+ Ensure that safety navigation with any vessel in vicinity

59) What is WILLIAMSON TURN ?

 To be used in an immediately situations
 Rudder hard over to MOB side immediately
 After deviation from original course by 60o,
rudder hand over to opposite side
 When heading 20o short of opposite course,
rudder to midship position and ship to be turned
opposite course than original

60) What is ANDERSON TURN (270o) ?

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  Rudder hard over to MOB side immediately
 After deviation from original course by 250o, rudder to midship position and
stopping maneuvering to be started & the ship to be turned 1 around than original

61) Could you tell me some Emergency equipments on board?

 Emergency equipment on board such as :
 Emergency Steering Gear, Emergency Fire Pump, Emergency Generator,
Emergency Escape Breathing Device (EEBD), CO2 system, Immersion suit,
SART, EPIRB, International Shore Connect, Fire Hoses, Fire Extinguisher,
etc…

62) How do you check the CO2 System ?

 CO2 system is very important. It is the fixed Fire Fighting equipment
 According checklist includes check the date of last service, CO 2 bottles itself, air
blow test should be checked make sure that the system in good order. Check all
certificates and make sure that they are up-to-date.

63) Emergency Procedure for M/E failure ?

 Inform to Master immediately
 Forecastle station STB, acnchor ready for let go (If vsl is in shallow water)
 Exhibit NUC light or shape signals . Adjustment AIS
 Broadcast urgency massage to the ship in vicinity
 Maneuvering the ship to safety area as soon as possible

64) What do you action when AUTO PILOT failure ?

 Change AUTO PILOT to HAND STEERING
 Check HAND STEERING condition can or not. If can not change to NFU
 If NFU (NON FOLLOW UP) still can not. Emergency Steering Gear standby
65) Please describe how to test Steering Gear as per SOLAS (Chapter V Regu’26) ?
Within 12 hours before Departure should be checked and tested as the following :
 CHECK
+ Full movement of rudder according to SOLAS from hard port to hard starboard
maximum time requirement 28 seconds
+ Visual inspection steering gear at local side
+ Secure communication between navigation bridge and steering gear compartment
 TEST
+ Main steering gear
+ Auxiliary steering gear
+ Steering position located on the bridge
+ Rudder angle indicator with actual rudder position
+ The steering gear unit power failure alarm
+ Remote steering gear control systems
+ Remote steering gear control system power failure alarm

66) What dose BNWAS mean ? Do you know the purpose and operation of BNWAS ?
 BNWAS stand for Bridge Navigational Watch and Alarm System
 BNWAS shall be in operation whenever the ship is underway at sea

21
  The purpose of a bridge navigational watch alarm system (BNWAS) is to monitor
bridge activity and detect operator disability (khuyết điểm của người vận hành)
which could leading to marine accidents
 If neither the captain nor the first officer cancels the alarm within a specified time
period (khoảng thời gian quy định) (between 90 seconds and 3 minutes depending
on the size of the vessel), an alarm will sound in locations where other personnel
are usually available

67) Please describe policy for the condition of Sole watch (Single watch) by officer only ?
 Sole watch is daytime at open sea only
 If in case of special sole watch at night time, the OOW should keep sharp look out
at all times and do not entering chart room except position fixing interval

68) What is your policy for the “Security Round” (Fire Round) in the night watch ?
 After finnish the watch the OOW must to carry out FIRE SAFETY PATROL,
report to the next duty officer and record into Logbook
 FIRE ROUND is find out any abnormal from accommodation, store, galley during
night due to this time everybody is sleeping

69) When do you found a fire in the Cabin, what should you do?
Thank for your question, when found a fire in the Cabin :
 First I shouting and if nearby there is an alarm button. I have to press the alarm
button to alert people that there was a fire
 After that quickly find the nearest fire extinguisher to extinguish the fire
 Remember, all actions to deal with an incedent of the ship must be obeyed as
required in the Muster list as per Company’s policy

70) What are the main factors to determine the Safety Speed ?
 Safety Speed (Rule 6) : Every vessel shall at all times proceed at a safety speed to
avoid risk of collision effective and can be stopped with a safety distance in
circumstance of in case admit
The main factors :
 State of Visibility (trạng thái tầm nhìn xa)
 Traffic density
 Maneuvering ability of the ship
 State of wind, sea and current
 Relationship between the draught and available depth of water

71) What do you prepare before departure & arrival ?

 I must to prepare as per Departure or Arrival checklists, some other checklists go
with as per company’s policy, Departure or Arrival conditions, Pilot card (if Pilot
compulsory), Ship’s particular
 I must to carry out 1 by 1 item because too many things need to prepared before
Departure or Arrival
Besides, I also prepare the bridge (If it’s my duty watch)
 Prepare and test all navigation & communication equipments on bridge make sure
that all in good order and record into GMDSS and Deck Logbook
 Adjustment AIS , ECDIS & Echo sounder, Echo sounder printer ON
 Prepare light, flag or shape signals
 EPIRB and SART self test before Departure
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  Notice to E/R and test M/E under Master’s order, etc…

72) How to determine risk of collision & avoid collision ?

 When the bearing no change, distance coming close exist risk of collision
 Even the bearing change evident and distance coming close still risk of collision
when the vessel approaching a very large vessel, towing vessel or approaching a
vessel at close range
 Best way to avoid risk of collision using visual, radar just for reference, only using
radar & navigation equipments to avoid a collision when the ship navigation in
restricted visibility
 The order of priority in reducing order of accuracy is:
 Visual → Radar → GPS → Celestial

73) Please describe your procedure for navigation in restricted visibility ?

Restricted visibility is visibility less than 3 nautical miles
When navigation in Restricted visibility, the OOW should :
 Operate all radars at least 1 radar at 3 nautical miles
 Every vessel shall proceed at a safety speed with a safety distance, anchor ready
for let go in case of an emergency
 Inform Master & Engine S/B for immediately use
 Turn on navigation light
 Post lookout & Hand steering
 Restricted visibility sound signal (Rule 35) at interval not more than 2 minutes 1
prolonged blast when the vessel making the way through water
 Compliance company’s procedure
 Following COLREG 72 (Rule 19) :
 Do not alter course to port side when the vessel is above our beam
 Do not alter course to the vessel when the vessel is our stern

74) Please described the principal preparation for passing the narrow channel ?
1. Check to see all Charts, Books, Publications are ready to used
2. Check all navigation warnings from Navtex, MF/HF, Inmarsat_C and information
from local Agent
3. Check all conditions of weather, tide, current and traffic density
4. Check all navigation,communication equipments on bridge, make sure that all in
good order
5. Notice to E/R and Engine standby for maneuvering, anchor ready for let go in case
of an emergency
6. Keep a listening on VHF channel 16 and VTS channel, obtain all relevant
information for safety navigation and secure communication information between
ships in vicinity
7. Calling Master come on bridge (30 minutes before passing Reporting Line)
8. Keep sharp look out & hand steering
9. Prepare light, flag or shape signals
10. Frequence plot ship’s position as per passage plan (1 hour open sea, 30 minutes
coastal area, 10 minute shallow water, 5 minute in port)

75) What infomation do you provide to Captain when passing narrow channel ?
1. I will provide to Master movement of other ships in vicinity which are liable to
obstruction targets

23
  Example : crossing vessel, overtaking vessel, small fishing boat, small fishing
buoy
2. Providing all conditions of the weather, tide, current, wave, traffic density and the
present ship’s position, the present ship’s course and speed. Besides, I also
provide to Master course & distance to the next waypoint
3. Maintenance keep listening and answering information necessary from VTS or
VTIS on VHF and report to Master for safety navigation
4. Maintenance keep sharp look out and monitoring radar at all times and report to
Master if there are any abnormal

76) When Pilot embarkation on board ? What is your duty in situation ?

When Pilot embarkation onboard:
1. I still responsibility for safety of the ship
2. Besides, I assist the Pilot keep sharp look out all around of the ship and report
movement of other ships in vicinity, the present ship’s position, the present ship’s
course and speed, course and distance to the next waypoint
3. Sometimes, I remind the helman when he can not hear Pilot’s order
4. Some other jobs which my duty as per company’s policy when Pilot onboard

77) When do you calling MASTER ?

I must to calling Master when:
1. Lose target, not identify target by visual or radar
2. One of which navigation equipments are fail
3. Navigation in Restricted Visibility (Visibility is less than 3 NMs)
4. It is difficult to maintain ship’s course
5. Heavy Traffic density & I’m not enough experience to keep the vessel safety
navigation on the route
6. Weather change to heavy weather. Wind force is equal or greater 7 forces, Wave
height is equal or greater 5m
7. There are problem with M/E or Steering Gear
8. When received Distress Message (If near from ship)
9. When I feel seasick or ill not ability complete my duty
10. Any machinaries and equipments on deck are damaged
11. Sometimes, Master record to Master’s night order book. I’ll obey Master’s order
12. Some in case of emergency. Example : FIRE, MOB, Anchor dragging, Pirate
attack, etc…

78) If you navigation at open sea, sole watch at noon time of china sea, a lot of fishing boat
& fishing buoy. What do you action ?
When I come to China sea. If I sole watch noon time. I should be :
1. Maintenance keep sharp look out all around of the ship at all times and do not
work private during my watch
2. Operation all radars at least 1 radar at 3 NMs to observe & check small fishing
boat & small fishing buoy
3. Maintenance keep watch on VHF CH16 at all times to secure communication
information between ships in vicinity for safety navigation
4. Besides, I also can remind Master arrange 1 more AB assist for look out or hand
steering because the China sea too much fishing boat & fishing buoy
5. If I’m not enough experience to keep the vessel safety navigation. Don't hesitate
calling Master come on bridge due to safety first
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 79) State preparation for heavy weather expected during sea going ?
When the ship is liable to encounter heavy weather. Master must announce the fact
throughout the ship, caution the crew not leave their living quarters and instruct the
department heads to make preparation for heavy weather as following :
a) Chief Officer must direct the deck department ratings, Chief cook and Messman to
make preparation for heavy weather as following :
 Secure movable objects on upper deck and living quarters
 Close opening at all positions such as upper deck, forecastle, both side and around
of living quarters
 Secure movable objects at the galley
 Check anchor lashings
 Check lashing of gangways, pilot’s ladder
 Rig lifeline at necessary location
 Other operations necessary
b) Chief Officer under Master’s instruction must to make the necessary adjustments to
ballast in order to put the ship in optimum condition
 Filling ballast tanks, cargo hold and cargo tanks with heavy ballast
 When ballast flooding, tanks should be filled up fully as much as possible so that
there is no free water
 Secure optimum GMo
 There must be adequate hull strength
c) The OOW should take measures against for heavy weather expected as the following :
 Maintenance keep sharp look out at all times and navigate with special caution
 Obtain all relevant information necessary and navigation warnings from Navtex,
MF/HF, Inmarsat_C for safety navigation
 During navigation in heavy weather, if there are any sudden changes in climatic
conditions, the OOW shall inform to Master immediately

80) State preparation for heavy weather expected during mooring at a pier/wharf ?
When rough sea is expected, the OOW must check and consider the following :
 Check to see if there is the necessity of increasing the number of mooring line
(consider wind and current, windage area (diện tích ảnh hưởng gió), strength of line)
 Check to see if there is the necessity of arranging for a tugboat to support the
mooring
 Judge whether or not the engine needs to be used, if it needs, notify the duty
engineer in ample time
 Consider there is the necessity of suspending or ceasing cargo work
 Note to see if there is the necessity of instructing the crew member on shore to
return the ship
81) Mention 3 measures against heavy weather expected during single anchoring ?
 Check with the Agent or The Nearest Marine Safety Authorities whether or not
any gale warnings
 Keep a listening on VHF CH16 & Port control channel at all times, obtain
information from other ships in vicinity, warnings, etc…
 Obtain weather information from weather maps, navigation warnings
 Engine STB at all times, if judge from weather and sea conditions, if it is
necessary
 Make steering equipments ready for immediately use

25
  When the ship’s draft is light, filling up more ballast water to reduce windage
area, also trim of the ship by the head

82) What do you do when the ship anchorage, duty when anchor watch ?
When the ship anchorage, the OOW shall :
 Report to Port control : time drop anchor, ship’s position latitude/longitude,
bearing & distance to lighthouse (If it’s required from Port control)
 Turn on Anchor light or shape signals
 Keep Echo sounder turn on at all times and adjustment AIS
 Notice to E/R & record into Bell book, record following Anchor watch checklist
as per company’s policy during the watch
 Maintenance keep watch on VHF channel 16 & Port control channel at all times
 Set anchor watch on Radar or in ECDIS & fix ship’s position on Chart/ECIDS at 1
hour interval
 Plotting ship’s position by fixed or conspicuous targets and inform to Master
immediately if anchor dragging or weather change heavy weather

83) How to calculate Anchor Swinging Circle ?

 The Anchor Swinging Circle is the area in which an anchored vessel can swing
due to changes in wind, current, and tide. It is also known as the “swing circle” or
“swinging room”
 It is important to ensure that there is sufficient swinging room when anchoring to
avoid collisions with other vessels, underwater hazards, or the shoreline
 Note : Centre of swinging circle is the point where anchor fluke touches seabed
= Ship’s length (Bridge GPS antenna to fwd) + (No shackle x 27.5m)
For example : Given 6 shackles on deck and (bridge GPS antenna to fwd) is
indicated by L = 100m
Swinging Circle = 6 shackles +L
= 6×27.5m +100
= 265m
= (265 / 1852 ) nm = 0.1431nm
= (0.1431×10) cable (1NM = 10 cables) = 1.431 cable
 Alternatively, the following is the formula used to calculate Swing Radius of a
boat at anchor:
Swing Radius = LOA + [ ( RODE )2 – ( DEPTH + FREEBOARD)2 ]1/2
LOA: Overall length of the boat, including any additions or extensions from the
stern
RODE: The length (line to the anchor) of the rode from the bow pulpit to the
anchor.
DEPTH: The water depth over the anchor.
FREEBOARD: The distance from the deck at the bow pulpit to the water

26
 84) What is your duty when loading/unloading cargo ? In case of cargo damage in progress
cargo work, what is your action ?
When loading/unloading cargo, the OOW shall :
 Assistant Chief Officer cargo operation under Chief Offiecer’s instruction
 Compliance cargo procedure as per Stowage Plan
 The ballasting/de-ballasting operations shall carry out under Chief Officer's
instruction
 Frequence check conditions of mooring lines, gangways as per tide and current
conditions at the location of the ship
 Frequence monitoring all round of the ship to ensure security of the ship upon
berthing
 Weather conditions need to be monitored in progress cargo operation such as wind
or rain
 Take necessary measures to ensure machineries and equipments on deck all in
good order
 Besides, the ship always is kept upright, if a list is required for operational
reasons, should kept as small as possible

 In case of cargo damage in progress cargo work, what is your action ?

 Requirement stop cargo operation immediately
 Inform to Chief Officer and Master immediately and take picture cargo’s damage
location
 Assistant Master & Chief Officer in progress deal with incident of the ship

85) What should you do ? During cargo operation stevedore cause some damage to the
ship such as damaged hat cover, in the hold, hatch coming....
 Stopped cargo operation, take pictures, inform to Master, made stevedore
damaged report form , request stevedore sign, agent sign and follow Master order.

86) Bridge Procedure for handling over / taking watch ?

Navigation when Pilot onboard
 Master & Pilot exchange information, Master explain ship’s particular for Pilot
 Discuss pilotage passage plan with Pilot
 Besides, assistance the Pilot, the OOW & Master still responsibility for safety of
the ship during Pilot conning vessel
Master take over the bridge
 The OOW will continuous responsibility for safety of the ship despite the presence
of Master on bridge until Master’s decision take over control of bridge from OOW
must be clear & Master took conning vessel should be record into Logbook
Hand over the watch
 The OOW should be come on bridge before 15 minutes of the watch
 Hand over condition all equipments on bridge, movement of other ships, condition
of weather, current, tide, wave, the present ship’s course & speed, the present
ship’s position, any effect by equipments
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  In case risk of collition. The hand over to next duty officer should not hand over
until situation clear
 After finnish the watch the OOW must to carry out FIRE SAFETY PATROL,
report to the next duty officer and record into Logbook

87) As per SOLAS when do you the drill onboard ?

 Monthly training compulsory : Fire fighting and Abandon ship drills
 When crew changes equal or greater 25% all crew members at a Port. Fire fighting
and Abandon ship drills shall carry out before leaving port and Security drill must
to carry out within 14 days
 Note : Hoist UY flags stand for I’m carrying out exercise. Please keep clear of me
88) When the ship lauching the lifeboat under the water as per SOLAS ?
 Launching lifeboat & rescue boat shall carry out at interval not more than 3
months when the ship stops in sheltered water only
 Launching free fall lifeboat shall carry out at interval not more than 6 months
when the ship stops in sheltered water only

89) Could you tell me some PSC code ?

 10 : Rectified deficiency
 30 : Base on detention of the ship
 18 : Rectification of the deficiency within 3 months
 17 : Rectification of the deficiency before departure
 16 : Rectification of the deficiency within 14 days
 15 : Rectification at the next port
 40 : Inform to the next port
 50 : Inform to Flag state/ Consul (Quốc gia treo cờ và lãnh sự)
 70 : Inform to Classification Society (Hiệp hội Đăng kiểm)

90) How to prepare for PSC inspection ?

 I must to correct all Charts and Publications up-to-date before arrival any port and
record into Charts and Publications correction record book
 I must to carry out test and check all navigation and communication equipments
on bridge as per instruction books. If there are any deficiencies, I inform to
Master for repair or replace immediately by crews or company
 Check carefully Passage plan, GMDSS log, Radar log, Medical log, Deck
logbook, Arrival checklists as per SMS of company, etc… make sure that they are
up-to-date, completed fully and exactly
 Medicines list must be valid expiry date

91) Why PSC onboard ? Which items PSC (Port Security Control) usually check ?
PSC onboard when :
 PSC Officer is not satisfied with any aspect about deficiency of the ship
 PSC Officer not allow substandard vessel into their water
 PSC Officer have doubts your vessel that is liable to affect environment of their
country
 PSC Officer have doubts your vessel not enough condition for safety navigation as
per SOLAS’s requirement
 When your vessel visiting a port of a State is the first time or after 12 months or
greater
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  All ships which are in a category that expanded inspection has been decided, also
known as (Black List)
 All ships which have been suspended from their class for safety reasons about 6
months prior
PSC ussualy check :
 All navigation & communication equipments on bridge
 All machineries and equipments on deck and accommodation
 All Logbooks. Example : GMDSS log, Radar log, Deck logbook, Medical log,
etc…
 All important documents onboard the ship that are compulsory required for a
vessel
 The Hospital also must be cleaned and ready for PSCO checking
 Passage plan should be prepared carefully (Master approve, C/O and 3/O sign in)
and Charts and Publications correction record book should be completed fully and
exactly for PSCO checking
 Besides,PSCO also can require your vessel carry out the drill immediately

92) Please tell me some accidents onboard ? What do you do to prevent ?

 Some Accidents onboard :
MOB, Hot Working, Gangways Fall, Enclose Space, Falling From Hight,
Fire, Pirate Attack, Mooring Operation, etc…
 Accidents onboard can be prevented by :
+ Take measures precaution and comply SMS (Safety Management System) of
Company
+ All crew members should carry out Safety Meeting before working

93) What are the mooring operations ? How can you avoid accidents during mooring
operation ?
 Mooring is a procedure to anchor the ship to a fixed or floating elements (jetty,
wharf or a buoy) and keep it connected during loading or unloading operations.
Safety mooring must withstand several forces, such as wind, the current, the tide
and wave, etc…
 Mooring accidents can be prevented by :
 Make sure that only essential crew are present during mooring operations
 Always paying attention to weather conditions, such as wind and rain
 Informing all crew members of snap back zones
 Tightening one line at a time to prevent stressing other lines
 Using mooring lines of the same material and size
 Maintenance all mooring equipments so that all in good order during operation
 Arranging all mooring lines symmetrically (đối xứng)
 Checking mooring lines even after an operation is completed

94) What do you check in Hospital if you in charge of it ? What should you do when have
expired medicines onboard ? Where does First-aid book onboard ?
 The medicine cabinets have neat and clean
 Must have a clearly lists of medical instruments
 Must have a clearly lists the expiry date as well as the utility and use of medicines
 Check to see unit quantity, used or remain on board (ROB)
 If a product does not have an expiry date you can write [No Expiry] or simply
leave the cell blank

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  Check product condition, if poor condition require replacement
 Check List of Narcotic required on board the ship
 Hospital Alarm Call must be checked at monthly interval
 The allocation for crew members must be recorded into the Medical Log
 All of these should be checked & recorded into Medical Logbook
 What should you do when have expired medicines onboard ?
 The expired-medicines should be kept on board then discharge to shore with
checklist required
 Where does First-aid book onboard ?
 First aid box located on Bridge, inside ECR, Galley and Hospital locker
 Some equipments in Hopital :
Face masks (khẩu trang), Disposable Gloves (găng tay dùng 1 lần), Disposable
Shoes Cover (bao giày dùng 1 lần), Goggles (kính bảo hộ), Hand Wash (Nước rửa
tay), Hand Sanitizer (Nước rửa tay sát khuẩn), Ethanol for Disinfection (Ethanol để
khử trùng), Bottle (Chai), Injection Needle (Kim tiêm). etc…

95) Alcohol &Drugs Policy ?

 40 mg / 100 ml in Blood content
 0.2 mg / litre in Breathalyzer
 Do not drink beer, wine before 4 hours on duty (BAC< 0.05%). Especially
prohibit drinking while duty
 Alcohol and Drugs are prohibited on board. The management policy for Alcohol
and Drugs regulated in SMS and its must be posted in public places, such as:
Bridge, Engine room, Clubs, Mess-room…
 Alcohol and Drugs are also prohibited to transport, trade
 All crew members must be checked for alcohol content by BAC – Blood Alcohol
Content equipment and reported on the form in SMS at monthly interval

96) When ABANDON SHIP. What do you carry thing ? Where are your loation ?
 When ABANDON ship I must to carry SART, EPIRB, Logbook, FIRT AID
BOX, IMPORTANT DOC
 My location is No2 life boat with C.O, 1.E, 3.E

97) Some equipment for FFA, LSA ? Which Chapter LSA, FFA following into SOLAS ?
SOLAS have 23 chapters
FFA Chapter 2 Rule 2 : Fire Protection, Fire Detection, Fire Extinction
FFA stand for Fire Fighting Appliances
Some equipments FFA : Fire Hose, Fire Nozzle, Fireman’s Outfit, Fire Extinguisher
(Foam, Powder, CO2), EEBD (Emergency Escape Breathing Device), SCBA (Self –
Contained Breathing Apparatus)
DOC for FFA :
 INSPECTION & MAINTENANCE FOR FFA
 MONTHLY CHECKLIST INSPECTION EEBD, BA, SO ON …
LSA Chapter 3 : Life Saving Appliance & Arrangment
LSA stand for Live Saving Appliances
Some equipments LSA : Life Buoy, Life Raft, Immersion Suit, SART, EPIRB, Life
Boat, Life Jacket etc…
DOC for LSA :
 CHECKLIST IMMERSION SUIT
 INSPECTION RECORD FOR LIFE BUOY
 MONTHLY CHECKLIST FOR LIFE JACKET
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 MADE BY : NGUYEN MANH DUONG

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