Assignment

Human Resource Management

EM- 508, Sec- B
EMBA Programme
Department of Management Studies
University of Dhaka

Submitted to
Manika Chakraborty
Associate Professor
Department of Management

Submitted by
Efat Md. Minhaz Siddiquee
3-23-02-033
Department of Management
University of Dhaka
 1. Labor legislations and constitutions of Bangladesh
Labor Legislation of Bangladesh: The Bangladesh Labor Act, 2006, consolidates and amends
the laws relating to employment of labor, relations between workers and employers, payment of
wages and compensation for injuries to workers, and other matters related to labor.
Labor law in the Constitution of Bangladesh:

(ACT NO. OF 1972)

(1) Work is a right, a duty and a matter of honor for every citizen who is capable of working, and
everyone shall be paid for his work on the basis of the principle “from each according to his
abilities, to each according to his work”.
The four fundamental principles of the Constitution are
● Nationalism,
● Socialism,
● Democracy and
● Secularism.

The Constitution endeavors to create a socialist society in which the rule of law, fundamental
human rights and freedom, equality and justice, political, economic and social, is secured for all
its citizens.

2. Articles affecting government employment in Bangladesh.

In the context of government employment, several articles within the constitution often play a
crucial role in defining the rights and responsibilities of both the government as an employer and
the employees. Here's a brief note on articles affecting government employment in Bangladesh:
1. Equality and Non-Discrimination (Article 14):
- Article 14 typically guarantees equality before the law and equal protection of the laws to all
citizens. In the context of government employment, this article ensures that the recruitment and
treatment of employees are not based on arbitrary or discriminatory factors.
2. Right to Life and Personal Liberty (Article 21):
- Article 21, often encompassing the right to life and personal liberty, extends to the
workplace. It ensures that government employees have the right to fair and humane treatment,
safeguarding their well-being and dignity.
3. Freedom of Speech and Expression (Article 19):
- Article 19 protects the freedom of speech and expression. In the context of government
employment, it can influence the ability of employees to voice their opinions, provided it does
not undermine the security or integrity of the state.
4. Right to Form Associations or Unions (Article 19):
- Some constitutions grant government employees the right to form associations or unions to
collectively bargain for their rights and better working conditions. However, reasonable
restrictions can be imposed in the interest of public order or morality.
5. Protection of Minorities (Article 30):
- If applicable, Article 30 safeguards the rights of minorities to establish and administer
educational institutions. In the realm of government employment, this may impact minority
employees' rights within public institutions.
6. Right to Equality of Opportunity in Public Employment (Article 16):
- This specific article may exist to ensure that all citizens have an equal opportunity in matters
of public employment. It prohibits discrimination based on factors such as religion, race, caste,
sex, and place of birth.
7. Compulsory Service for Public Purposes (Article 21):
- In certain cases, constitutions may provide for compulsory service for public purposes during
emergencies. This can impact government employees' rights and duties during such situations.
8. Right to Education (if applicable):
- This can have implications for government employees involved in the education sector,
ensuring equitable access to educational opportunities.
Understanding and upholding these constitutional provisions is essential for both the government
as an employer and the employees. They serve as a guide to maintaining a fair, transparent, and
just employment relationship within the framework of constitutional principles.

3. Laws related to wages and working hours in Bangladesh.

In Bangladesh, working hours and wage practices are governed by various labor laws aimed at
ensuring fair and equitable treatment of workers. Here's a brief note on the key laws related to
working hours and wages practices in Bangladesh:
1. Bangladesh Labor Act, 2006:
The Bangladesh Labor Act, 2006, is a comprehensive piece of legislation that addresses
various aspects of labor relations, including working hours and wages.
 - Working Hours: The Act stipulates a standard working week of 48 hours, with a maximum of
8 hours per day. Overtime may be allowed under certain circumstances.
- Overtime: Overtime work is regulated, and workers are entitled to additional pay for such
hours, typically at a rate higher than their regular wages.
2. Minimum Wages Board Ordinance, 1961:
- The Minimum Wages Board Ordinance empowers the government to fix and revise minimum
wages for different categories of employment.
- Minimum Wage: This ordinance ensures that every worker is entitled to receive a minimum
wage, and the rates are periodically reviewed and adjusted.
3. Payment of Wages Act, 1936:
- The Payment of Wages Act establishes the rules for the payment of wages to certain classes
of employed persons.
- Frequency of Payment: It outlines the frequency of wage payments, which should not exceed
one month.
4. Labor Rules, 2015:
- The Labor Rules, 2015, provide additional details and guidelines for the implementation of
the Bangladesh Labor Act, 2006.
- Leave: These rules elaborate on the provisions related to leave entitlements, including annual
leave, festival leave, and sick leave.
5. Factories Act, 1965:
- The Factories Act, 1965, regulates the conditions of labor in factories, including working
hours, rest intervals, and overtime.
- Weekly Holidays: It ensures that workers are entitled to at least one rest day per week.
6. Employment of Labor (Standing Orders) Act, 1965:
- This act provides a framework for the establishment of standing orders in industrial
establishments, detailing various employment conditions.
- Terms of Employment: Standing orders typically include information on working hours,
shifts, and other conditions of service.
7. Industrial and Commercial Employment (Standing Orders) Ordinance, 1968:
- Similar to the Employment of Labor (Standing Orders) Act, 1965, this ordinance provides
for the formulation of standing orders in industrial and commercial establishments.
 4. Condition of services and employment?

Bangladesh employment act clarifies that any establishment may devise its own service rule, but
it must contain all the provisions of the Act.
1. In every shop or commercial or industrial establishment, employment of workers and
other matters incidental thereto shall be regulated in accordance with the provisions of
this Act:
Provided that any shop or commercial or industrial establishment may have its own rules
regulating employment of workers or any class thereof, but no such rules shall be less favorable
to any worker than the provisions of this Act.
2. The service rules regulating employment of workers or any class thereof in any shop or
commercial or industrial establishment as mentioned in the proviso to sub-section (1)
shall be submitted by the employer or such shop or commercial or industrial
establishment to the Inspector appointed under section 30 for approval and such service
rules shall not be put into effect until such approval of the Inspector has been obtained.

3. Any person aggrieved by the order of the Inspector may within thirty days of the issue of
such order, appeal to the Chief Inspector who may either confirm, modify or set aside the
order of the Inspector.

4. A second appeal from the order of the Chief Inspector shall lie to the Government if
made within thirty days of the issue of the order of the Chief Inspector and the decision
of the Government shall be final.
Under the Labor Act, an appointment letter must be issued for hiring any labor. The Labor Rules
makes it mandatory that the appointment letter must contain certain information such as salary,
other financial benefits, applicable rules etc.

5. Laws related to equality and women empowerment in Bangladesh.

In Bangladesh, there are several laws and initiatives aimed at promoting equality and
empowering women. Here is an overview of key legal provisions related to equality and women
empowerment:

1. Constitution of Bangladesh (1971):

- The Constitution guarantees fundamental rights to all citizens, irrespective of gender. It
includes provisions emphasizing equality before the law and non-discrimination on the grounds
of sex.
2. The Women and Children Repression Prevention Act, 2000:
- This law addresses crimes against women and children, providing legal measures for their
protection. It includes provisions for the prevention of domestic violence and penalties for
offenses.
3. The Dowry Prohibition Act, 1980:
- Aimed at preventing the practice of dowry, this law prohibits the giving or taking of dowry. It
aims to protect women from financial and emotional exploitation associated with dowry
demands.
4. The Acid Offences (Prevention) Act, 2002:
- This law criminalizes acid attacks and provides legal measures to prevent and address such
offenses. It emphasizes the protection and rehabilitation of victims.
5. The Domestic Violence (Prevention and Protection) Act, 2010:
- This legislation addresses domestic violence and provides legal remedies for victims. It
includes provisions for protection orders and support services for those affected.
6. The Bangladesh Labour Act, 2006:
- The Labor Act includes provisions related to the rights of women in the workplace, such as
maternity benefits and safeguards against discrimination based on gender.
7. The National Women Development Policy, 2011:
- This policy outlines the government's commitment to women's empowerment and gender
equality. It covers various aspects, including economic empowerment, education, health, and
political participation.
8. The Prevention of Oppression Against Women and Children Act, 2000:
- This law addresses oppression against women and children, providing legal measures for
their protection. It covers a range of offenses related to physical and mental harm.
9. Quota for Women in Local Government:
- Bangladesh has implemented a 30% quota for women in local government institutions to
ensure their representation and participation in decision-making processes.
10. The National Women and Children Affairs Policy, 2011:
- This policy aims to promote the overall well-being of women and children, addressing issues
such as education, health, employment, and legal protection.
These legal provisions and policies collectively contribute to fostering a more inclusive and
equitable society in Bangladesh, emphasizing the rights and empowerment of women. Ongoing
efforts are crucial to ensuring the effective implementation and enforcement of these laws to
create positive social change.
 6. laws related to sexual harassment to women at work in Bangladesh.
In Bangladesh, the laws related to sexual harassment at the workplace are primarily governed by
the Bangladesh Labor Act, 2006, and the Bangladesh Labor Rules, 2015. Additionally, there
are broader legal provisions that address aspects of sexual harassment and discrimination. Here's
an overview:
1. Bangladesh Labor Act, 2006:
- Section 28 of the Bangladesh Labor Act, 2006, addresses the issue of sexual harassment in
the workplace. It defines sexual harassment and outlines preventive measures and disciplinary
actions against offenders.
2. Bangladesh Labor Rules, 2015:
- The Bangladesh Labor Rules, 2015, provides more detailed guidelines on addressing sexual
harassment. It emphasizes the establishment of a complaint committee in organizations to receive
and investigate complaints of sexual harassment.
3. The Women and Children Repression Prevention Act, 2000:
- This law, while primarily focused on crimes against women and children, includes provisions
that can be applied in cases of sexual harassment. It addresses various offenses and outlines legal
measures for the prevention and punishment of such acts.
4. The Penal Code of Bangladesh:
- Sections of the Penal Code deal with criminal offenses related to sexual harassment and
assault. For example, Sections 354 and 509 address offenses related to outraging the modesty of
a woman and acts intended to insult the modesty of a woman.
5. The High Court Guidelines on Sexual Harassment:
- The High Court of Bangladesh has issued guidelines to prevent sexual harassment in
workplaces. These guidelines provide a framework for addressing complaints and conducting
inquiries.
6. The National Women Development Policy, 2011:
- While not specifically focused on sexual harassment, this policy includes provisions aimed at
promoting gender equality and addressing issues related to women's empowerment.
7. The Domestic Violence (Prevention and Protection) Act, 2010:
- This legislation addresses various forms of violence, including psychological and emotional
abuse. While not solely focused on the workplace, it provides legal measures for the protection
of victims.
 7. Laws related to equal employment opportunity in Bangladesh
In Bangladesh, equal employment opportunity is addressed through various legal provisions
aimed at preventing discrimination and promoting fairness in the workplace. The key legal
instruments include:
1. Constitution of Bangladesh (1971):
- The Constitution guarantees fundamental rights to all citizens, including the right to equality
before the law (Article 27). It prohibits discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, or
place of birth.
2. Bangladesh Labour Act, 2006:
- The Bangladesh Labour Act, 2006, addresses issues related to employment, including
non-discrimination. Section 28 of the Act specifically prohibits discrimination in employment on
the basis of sex, religion, caste, or ethnic identity.
3. Bangladesh Labour Rules, 2015:
- The Bangladesh Labour Rules, 2015, provides more detailed guidelines for the
implementation of the Bangladesh Labour Act. It emphasizes the principles of equal opportunity
and non-discrimination in recruitment, promotion, and other employment-related matters.
4. Employment of Labour (Standing Orders) Act, 1965:
- The Standing Orders Act requires employers to define the terms and conditions of
employment through standing orders. These orders should be fair and non-discriminatory,
ensuring equal opportunities for all employees.
5. The Persons with Disabilities Rights and Protection Act, 2013:
- This legislation addresses the rights of persons with disabilities. It prohibits discrimination in
employment based on disability and promotes equal opportunities for individuals with
disabilities.
6. The Women and Children Repression Prevention Act, 2000:
- While primarily focused on crimes against women and children, this Act indirectly
contributes to equal employment opportunities by addressing and preventing discrimination and
violence.
7. Affirmative Action for Women:
- The government of Bangladesh has implemented affirmative action policies to promote
gender equality in employment. This includes reserved quotas for women in various government
and public service positions.
8. National Women Development Policy, 2011:
- While not exclusively an employment law, the National Women Development Policy aims
to ensure equal opportunities for women in all spheres of life, including education and
employment.
9. Quotas for Minorities:
- Bangladesh has implemented quotas for minorities in various sectors, including government
employment, to ensure their representation and equal opportunities.
It's crucial for employers and employees to be aware of and comply with these legal provisions
to foster a work environment that promotes equal employment opportunities and prevents
discrimination based on various factors. Employers should establish and communicate policies
that reflect these principles and actively work towards creating an inclusive and diverse
workplace.