First year Engineer Science & Technonolgy University of Tlemcen.

Mathematical Analysis 1 (2023/2024) Dpt. Hydrau. Faculty of Tecnology.

Tutorial 2

Exercise 1
1. Show that the sequence of the general term
1 n
un = (−1)n (1 + )
n
is bounded, is it convergent ?
2. The sequences {un } and {vn } are divergent, what can we say about the sequence {un +
vn } ?
3. We consider the sequence {un } defined by
p
u2p = p and u2p+1 = , p ∈ N;
p+1
is it bounded ? convergent ?
4. Determine the nature of the sequences defined below by their general term un
 q n
ln n 1 1 1
1) n+1 ;
√ 2) n sin 2 ; 3) 1 + 1 + n ;
 n
4) sin 2nπ3
; 5)2 n
sin θ
2n
, θ ∈ R; 6) 1
2
+ 1
n
.

5. We designate by un a general term of the sequence which converges towards l. Show that
the sequences {vn } and {wn } defined by
n n
X uk n X 1
vn = and = ,
k=1
n wn k=1
u k

converges towards the same limit l, (with l 6= 0 for the definition of wn ).

Exercise 2 Geometric sequence

1. Determine the nature of the sequences defined below by their general term un
 n  2  n−1
1) 1−a
1+a
, a ∈ R; 2)1 + 1
2
+ 1
n
+ 1
2
+ 1
n
+ · · · + 1
2
+ 1
n

2. Let {un } be a numerical sequence defined by the recurrence relation

1
(∀n ∈ N), un+2 = (un + un+1 ), u0 = a, u1 = b, (a, b ∈ R).
2
1) Show that wn = un − un−1 , n ∈ N? , is the general term of convergent geometric
sequence.

1
 Pn
2) Calculate Wn = k=1 wk . Deduce that the sequence {un } is convergent and calculate
its limit.

Exercise 3
— We consider the sequence {un } defined by
1 1 1
un = √ +√ +···+ √ .
n2 +1 n2 +2 n2+n

Show that there exists two convergent sequences {vn } and {wn }, of the same limit, such
that vn 6 un 6 wn . Deduce that {un } is convergent and calculate its limit.
1
— Prove that if x ∈]0, 1[, 1 + x 6 exp x 6 1−x . Deduce that for x ∈]1, +∞[, ln x+1
x
6 x1 6
x
ln x−1 .
The integer number p is fixed, find the limit of
1 1 1 1
un = + + +···+ ,
n n+1 n+2 np
when n increases indefinitely.

Exercise 4
1. Show that the sequences {un } and {vn } defined by
1 1 1 1 1 1 2
un = 1 + + +···+ and vn = 1 + + +···+ +
1! 2! n! 1! 2! n − 1! n!
are adjacent.
2. We consider the sequences {un } and {vn } defined by
 1 1 1
un = n − cos 1 + cos + · · · + cos and vn = un + sin .
2 n n
Show that, of a certain rank(rang) : {un } is increasing, {vn } is decreasing and that this
two sequences are adjacent.
3. We consider the sequences {an } and {bn } defined by

an+1 = 13 (2an + bn ), a1 = 4 ;


bn+1 = 13 (an + 2bn ), b1 = 1.

(a) Show that {an } and {bn } are adjacent.

(b) Calculate bn in function of n and deduce the common limit of these two sequences.

Exercise 5 Proof, , using the Cauchy sequences, that the sequence (Un )n∈N , defined by Un =
(−1)n is divergent.

Exercise 6
Let {un } be the real sequence by the recurrence relation :
4un − 1
∀n ∈ N un+1 = , with u0 = 1
4un − 2

2
1. Calculate u1 , u2 , u3 , u4 , what do we see ?
2. establish the relationship that exists between un+2 and un .
3. Deduce the recurrence equation which links two successive terms of even index, u2p and
u2(p+1) (p ∈ N). show that the even index terms form a convergent subsequence (extracted
sequence), of which we will determine the limit.
4. Write in a similar way, the recurrence equation which links two successive terms with
odd index u2p and u2(p+1) (p ∈ N? ). Deduce that the odd index terms form a convergent
subsequence , Specify the limit of this extracted sequence.
5. Deduce from what proceeds, the comportment of the sequence {un }.