DR. B.R.

AMBEDKAR NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

JALANDHAR

ELECTRIC DRIVES & CONTROL LABORATORY

(EEPC-426)

Submitted to: Submitted by:

Dr. Nandan Kumar Navin Damanpreet Kaur

Assistant Professor 20126020, G2 (EE)

Department of EE 7th semester

 TABLE OF CONTENTS
S. NAME OF THE EXPERIMENT DATE OF REMARKS
NO. EXPERIMEN
T
1. To develop a Simulink model of thyristor,
MOSFET, IGBT with R load and observe
their characteristics

2. To study and develop a simulink model of

BUCK converter in CCM and DCM modes

3. To study and develop a simulink model of

BOOST converter in CCM and DCM
modes
4. To study and develop a simulink model of
Bidirectional Battery circuit using
Buck/Boost converter.

5. To study and develop a Simulink model of

Single phase full wave controlled rectifier

6. To study and develop a simulink model

of Three Phase Full-wave bridge
controlled Rectifier.

7 To study and develop a Simulink model of

Single-Phase Semi-Converter

8 To study and develop a Simulink model

of Three Phase Voltage Source Inverter
using 180 degree conduction mode.

9 To study and develop a Simulink model

of Three Phase Voltage Source Inverter
using 120 degree conduction mode

10 To study and develop a Simulink model

of Three Phase SPWM Inverter
using MATLAB.
Damanpreet kaur ELECTRIC DRIVES & CONTROL LABORATORY 20126020

EXPERIMENT-1

Aim:To develop a simulink model of Thyristor, MOSFET, IGBT with R load and observe
their characteristics.
Software used: MATLAB
Theory:
1) Thyristor:
Thyristor is a general term and it consists of a family of power semiconductor devices such as
silicon - controlled rectifier (SCR), light activated SCR (LASCR), Gate Turn-off
thyristor(GTO),TRIAC,reverse conducting SCR, asymmetric SCR (ASCR), etc. These
devices are used extensively in power electronics circuits. These devices operate in
conducting and non-conducting states just like a bistable switch. SCR is a unidirectional
device, but its turn on process and turn-off are controllable. TRIAC is a bidirectional device.

Fig 1.1) Characteristics of thyristor

2) Metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET):

A Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor (MOSFET) is a type of semiconductor
device used for amplification or switching electronic signals. It's controlled by an electric

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field, enabling it to handle high power with minimal input current. MOSFETs come in two
main types: enhancement mode (normally off) and depletion mode (normally on), making
them versatile for various applications in electronics.

Fig 1.2) Characteristics of MOSFET

3)Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT):

An Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) is a three-terminal semiconductor device used
for power control and amplification. It combines the high input impedance of a MOSFET
with the high-current handling capabilities of a bipolar transistor. IGBTs are commonly used
in applications requiring high voltage and high current, such as in motor control, renewable
energy systems, and power electronics. They offer efficient switching and are key
components in modern power electronics.

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Fig. 1.3) Characteristics of IGBT

Procedure:
1) Click on the simulink icon on the MATLAB taskbar.
2) Select a blank model.
3) Go to the file and save the model.
4) Click on the library browser icon on the simulink taskbar.
5) Select Thyristor, voltage-controlled source, pulse generator, MUX, DEMUX, bus
selector, ramp input, scope, powergui, series RLC branch, multimeter and add all
these to the workspace.
6) Double click the load and change the load into a simple R load with value 2 ohms
and change the measurement from none to branch voltage.
7) Double click the scope and make some changes like no. of inputs = 4 and layout is 4
and after that apply these changes and press ok. Then change the style of graphs and
background of scales and axes and apply these changes and click ok.
8) For a detailed graph we apply width of graph signal-1 and apply different colours for
all the four channels from 1 to 4.
9) Change the parameter of powergui from continuous to discrete signal and set
sampling time as default.
10) Go to the simulation in Simulink taskbar and select model configuration parameter
and then change the solver type from automatic to discrete and apply it and then click
ok.

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11) Double click the voltage-controlled bus and change the source type from ac to dc and
measurement type from default to voltage.
12) Now go to the pulse generator and set amplitude = 1, period = 2, pulse width =5 and
phase delay = 0.
13) Double click the bus selector, remove the default selected signals and addthyristor
voltage and thyristor current as selected signals.
14) Now simply double click the multimeter, it will be automatically updated according
to the parameters and after that add those parameters to selected measurements.
15) Make all the connections as shown in fig. given below.
16) Now save this file and run the simulation.
17) Observe the characteristics of thyristor.
18) Remove thyristor and add MOSFET and then IGBT.
19) Save the file and change the parameters of the bus selector from thyristorto MOSFET
voltage and current.
20) Now change the parameter of the pulse generator for example amplitude = 1, period
= 2 sec pulse width = 50.
21) All the other connections and parameters remain the same.
22) Similarly do the same for MOSFET and IGBT.
Block Diagrams:

Fig 1.4) Thyristor model

Fig 1.5) MOSFET model

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Fig 1.6) IGBT model

Results:

Fig 1.7) Output characteristics of Thyristor model

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Fig 1.8) Output characteristics of MOSFET model

Fig1.9) Output characteristics of IGBT model

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EXPERIMENT-2

Aim:To study and develop a simulink model of BUCK converter in CCM and DCM modes
Software used:MATLAB, Sim Power SystemToolbox.
Switch used:Power MOSFET from sim power system.
Dc input:Input Voltage = 25 volts, Fs = 20 kHz.
Load:R= 50 8, L= 900 H (CCM Mode); 400 H (DCM Mode), C= 80uF.
Theory:The step-down dc-dc converter, commonly known as a buck converter, given in
figure below. It consists of de input voltage source VS, controlled switch S, diode D, filter
inductor L, filter capacitor, C and load resistance R. The state of the converter in which the
inductor current is never zero for any period is called the continuous conduction mode
(CCM). It can be seen from the circuit that when the switch S is commanded to the on state,
the diode D is reverse-biased. When the switch S is off, the diode conducts to support an
uninterrupted current in the inductor.
(Vs- Vo) DT = Vo(1 - D)T
The output voltage and current are:
Vo = D Vs
Is = D Io
The ripple inductor current del I is:
del I = DVs(1-D)/fL
The ripple capacitor voltage is:
del Vc = DVs(1-D/8CL(f *2)

Fig 2.1) Schematic diagram of buck convertor

Procedure:

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1. Click on the simulink icon on the MATLAB taskbar.

2. Select a blank model.
3. Go to the file and save the model.
4. Click on the library browser icon on the simulink taskbar.
5. Select Sandscape> power measurement> elements> de voltage source, pulse
generator, Mosfet, Diode, scope, powergui, Voltage measurement, Display series RLC
branch, Goto, From, multimeter and add all these to the workspace.
6. Double click the series RLC branch and change the load into a simple R load with
value 50 ohms and change the measurement from none to branch voltage.
7. Double click the second series RLC branch and change the load into a simple L load
with value 900 µH (CCM Mode); 400 µH (DCM Mode), and change the
measurement from none to branch voltage and branch current.
8. Double click the third series RLC branch and change the load into a simple C load
with value 80 µF, and change the measurement from none to branch voltage and
branch current.
9. Double click the scope and make some changes like no. of inputs=S and layout is
5and after that apply these changes and press ok. Then change the style of graphs and
background of scales and axes and apply these changes and click ok.
10. For a detailed graph we apply width of graph signal=1 and apply different colors for
all the four channels from 1 to 5.
11. Change the parameter of powergui from continuous to discrete signal and set
sampling time as 2.5e-7s.
12. Go to the simulation in simulink taskbar and select model configuration parameter
and then change the solver type from automatic to discrete and apply it and then click
ok.
13. Double click the de voltage source and set value = 25V.
14. Now go to the pulse generator and set amplitude =1, period = 50e - 6 , pulse width =
50 and phase delay = 0.
15. Now simply double click the multimeter, it will be automatically updated according to
the parameters and after that add those parameters to selected measurements.
16. Make all the connections as shown in Fig2.2 and Fig 2.3 given below.
17. Now save this file and run the simulation.
18. Observe the characteristics of buck converter in both CCM mode and DCM mode.

Block Diagrams:

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Fig2.2) Buck convertor with DCM model

Fig2.3) Buck convertor with CCM model

Observation Table:
Sr No. Input Ton Toff D=Ton/T Measured Vo
Voltage(Vs) V
1 25 25e-6 25e-6 0.5 17.58 12.5
2 25 25e-6 25e-6 0.5 17.58 12.5

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Results:
a) Discontinuous conduction mode:

b) Continuous conduction mode:

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EXPERIMENT-3

Aim:To study and develop a simulink model of BOOST converter.

Software used:MATLAB, Sim Power System Toolbox.
Switch Used: Power IGBT from sim power system DC INPUT: Input Voltage = 25 volts, Es
= 20 kHz.
Load:R=50 ohm, L= 500 µH(CCM Mode); 100 µH(DCM Mode), C= 30 uF.
Theory:
A boost converter's output voltage is always higher than the input voltage. Figure 3.1 shows
the schematics of a boost converter. It has a dc input voltage, a transistor working as a switch,
an inductor and a capacitor forming a low pass filter to smooth out the output voltage, and a
load resistor. The diode provides a path for the inductor current when the switch is opened
and is reverse biased when the switch is closed.

Figure 3.1) Schematics of a boost converter

When the switch is closed, the diode is reverse biased. The equivalent circuit is shown in
Figure 3.2.

Figure 3.2) Equivalent circuit when the switch is closed

When the switch is open, the diode is forward biased. The equivalent circuit is shown in
Figure 3.3

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Figure 3.3) Equivalent circuit when the switch is open

Output voltage of a boost converter is controlled by a pulse width modulated (PWM) signal
shown in figure 3.4. The duty cycle is the ratio between the on time and the switching period.
By adjusting the duty cycle, we can obtain desired output voltage. When D increases, the
output voltage increases. When D decreases, the output voltage decreases.

Figure 3.4) Pulse width modulated (PWM)Signal

If the inductor current is continuous, the boost converter is operating in continuous
conduction mode. If the inductor current is reduced to zero, the boost converter is operating
in discontinuous mode. We would like to keep the boost converter operating in continuous
conduction mode. The minimum inductance to keep the boost converter in continuous
conduction mode is the critical inductance.
Average inductor current is the same as the average load current in the load resistor.
The peak-to-peak inductor current is often a design criterion in the design of a boost
converter. It is also called the current ripple. The current ripple is inversely proportional to
the inductance and the switching frequency. To reduce the current ripple, we can increase the
inductance or the switching frequency.
The maximum inductor current is the average inductor current plus half of the current ripple,
The minimum inductor current is the average inductor current minus half of the current
ripple.

Procedure:
1. Click on the simulink icon on the Matlab taskbar.

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2. Select a blank model

3. Go to the file and save the model
4. Click on the library browser icon on the simulink taskbar.
5. Select SIMscape> power measurement> elements> dc voltage source, pulse
generator, IGBT, Diode, scope, powergui, Voltage measurement, Display series RLC
branch, Goto, From, multimeter and add all these to the workspace.
6. Double click the series RLC branch and change the load into a simple R load with
value 50 ohms and change the measurement from none to branch voltage.
7. Double click the second series RLC branch and change the load into a simple L load
with value 500 µH (CCM Mode); 10 µH (DCM Mode), and change the measurement
from none to branch voltage and branch current.
8. Double click the third series RLC branch and change the load into a simple C load
with value and change the measurement from none to branch voltage and branch
current.
9. Double click the scope and make some changes like no. of inputs=5 and layout =5
and after that apply these changes and press ok. Then change the style of graphs and
background of scales and axes and apply these changes and click ok.
10. For a detailed graph we apply width of graph signal=I and apply different colors for
all the fourchannels from 1to 5
11. Change the parameter of powergui from continuous to discrete signal and set
sampling time as 2.5e-7s.
12. Go to the simulation in simulink taskbar and select model configuration parameter
and then change the solver type from automatic for C M mode; discrete for DCM
mode and apply it and then click ok.
13. Double click the de voltage source and set value = 25V.
14. Now go to the pulse generator and set amplitude =1, period = 50e-6, pulse width =50
and phasedelay =0.
15. Now simply double click the multimeter, it will be automatically updated according to
the parameters and after that add those parameters to selected measurements.
16. Make all the connections as shown in Fig2 and Fig3 given above.
17. Now save this file and run the simulation.
18. Observe the characteristics of BOOST converter in both CCM mode and DCM mode.

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Block Diagrams:

Figure 3.5) BOOST Convertor model in DCM mode

Figure 3.6) BOOST Convertor model in CCM mode

Observations:
Sr No. Input Ton Toff D=Ton/T Measured Vo
Voltage(Vs) V
1 25 25e-6 25e-6 0.5 70.15 50
2 25 25e-6 25e-6 0.5 75.9 50

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Results:
a) DCM MODE:

b) CCM Mode

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EXPERIMENT-4

Aim:To study and develop a simulink model of Bidirectional Battery circuit using
Buck/Boost converter.
Software used:MATLAB, Sim Power System Toolbox.
Switch used: Power IGBT from sim power system.
Dc Input:Input Voltage = 750 volts, Fs = 10 kHz.
Theory:Bidirectionaldc-dc converters allow transfer of power between two dc sources, in
eitherdirection. Due to their ability to reverse the direction of flow of current, and thereby
power, while maintaining the voltage polarity at either end unchanged, they are being
increasingly used in applications like de uninterruptible power supplies,battery charger
circuits, telecom power supplies and computer power systems.
Design of Bidirectional Converter:The bidirectional DC-DC inductor (BDDC), which
connects the batteryof the DC bus, is designed to operate as a buck converter while
charging the battery and operates as a boost converter in the battery discharging mode.
This inductor of the BES is designed for buck mode operation of the bidirectional
converter, filter inductor of the battery is designed as duty cycle (D),where
D = Va/Vdc = 360/750= 0.48,
and an inductor, Ldc is as
Ldc = D(Vdc - Vb)/fs*A*I*L
= 0.48 ×(750- 360/10 ×1000 ×5
=3.74mH =4mH,
where Vb is the battery voltage and it is 360 V, Vdc is the DC-link voltage and it is
considered as 750 V. ALI is the ripple current = 5 and fs is the switching frequency and
its value is 10 kHz. For boost mode operation of bidirectional converter, the filter
inductor of the battery side signed as duty cycle (D), where
D = (Vdc - Vb)/Vb
= (750 - 360/750
= 0.52,
and an inductor, Ldc is as
Ldc = V6D/fsAIL
= 0.52× 360/10000× 5
= 3.74 mH = 4 mH,

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where Vdc is the DC link voltage and itis 750 V. Vb is the battery voltage and it is 360 V.
I1is the ripple current. Therefore, the filter inductor of the BES is considered as 4 mH.

Block Diagrams:
Buck-Boost Convertor modelwith battery circuit

Procedure:1.Click on the simulink icon on the Matlab taskbar.

2.Select a blank model.
3.Go to the file and save the model.
4.Click on the library browser icon on the simulink taskbar.
5.SelectSIMscape>powermeasurement>elements>devoltagesource,PWMgenerator,IGBT,
scope, powergui, Current measurement, Display, series RLC branch, Goto, From, PID
Controller, Sum, Constant, Logical Operator, Battery and add all these to the workspace.
6.Double click the series RLC branch and change the branch into a simple RC branch
with value R=le- 4 ohms, C=1uF and change the measurement from none to branch
voltage and current.
7.Double click the series RLC branch1 and change the branch into a simple RL branch
with value R=1e-4 ohms, L=1mH and change the measurement from none to branch
voltage and current.
8.Double click the series RLCbranch2 and change the load into a simple RC load with
value R= le-4 ohms, C=1uF and change the measurement from none to branch voltage
and current.
9.Double click the scope and make some changes like no. of inputs=2 and layout is 2 and
after that apply these changes and press ok. Then change the style of graphs and
background of scales and axes and apply these changes and click ok.

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10.For a detailed graph we apply width of graph signal=2 and apply different colors for
all the four channels from 1to5.
11.Change the parameter of powergui from continuous to discrete signal and set sampling
time as le-6s.
12. Go to the simulation in simulink taskbar and select model configuration parameter
and select automatic solver type and then press ok.
12.Double click the de voltage source and set value = 750V.
13.Now go to the Bus Selector, remove the default signals and select Soc, current and
voltage signals. Double click the battery source and set nominal voltage=360V, rated
capacity= 150Ah, initial state of charge=50%, and battery response time=1.
14.Now go to the PWM generator and set Switching frequency = 10 Khz and sample time
= le-6
Double click the constant and set value=30for charging modeand-30 for discharging
mode.
15.Double click the sum and change it to +-.
16.Now go to the logical converter and change itto the NOT operator with one single
input.
17.Double click the PID controller and change it to the PI controller with P=1.5 and 1-25.
18.Make all the connections as shown in Fig given above.
19.Now save this file and run the simulation.

Results:

a) Readings of display devices:

b) Battery Output : Voltage and Current

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EXPERIMENT-5

Aim: To study and develop a Simulink model of Single Phase Full-wave Controlled Rectifier.
Software used: MATLAB R2016a, Sim Power System Toolbox.
Switch used: Thyristor/IGBT from sim power system.
Ac input: Input Voltage = 230 volts.
Theory:Single phase fully-controlled bridge rectifiers are known more commonly as AC-to-
DC converters. Fully-controlled bridge converters are widely used in the speed control of DC
machines and are easily obtained by replacing all four diodes of a bridge rectifier with
thyristors as shown.

Fig 5.1: Fully-controlled Bridge Rectifier

In the fully-controlled rectifier configuration, the average DC load voltage is controlled using
two thyristors per half-cycle. Thyristors SCRI and SCR4 are fired together as a pair during
the positive half-cycle, while thyristors SCR3 and SCR4 are also fired together as a pair
during the negative half-cycle. That is 1800 after SCRI and SCR4.
Then during continuous conduction mode of operation, the four thyristors are constantly
being switched as alternate pairs to maintain the average or equivalent DC output voltage. As
with the half-controlled rectifier, the output voltage can be fully controlled by varying the
thyristors firing delay angle (a).
Thus, the expression for the average DC voltage from a single phase fully-controlled rectifier
in its continuous conduction mode is given as:
Fully-controlled Rectifier Average Output Voltage and Current:

Vavg= ( 2∗Vmax
π )∗cos(α )
Therefore:
lavg=Vavg / RL

With the average output voltage varying from Vmax/x to -Vmax/ by varying the firing angle,
a from x to 0 respectively. So, when a< 900 the average DC voltage is positive and when a>

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900 the average DC voltage is negative. That is power flows from the DC load to the AC
supply. Phase controlled rectification uses combinations of diodes and thyristors (SCR's) to
convert the AC input voltage into a controlled DC output voltage. Fully-controlled rectifiers
use four thyristors in their configuration.

Procedure:
1. Click on the simulink icon on the Malah taskbar.
2. Select a blank model.
3. Go to the file and save the model.
4. Click on the library browser icon on the simulink taskbar.
5. Select SIMscape power system? specialized technology fundamental blocks power
electronics thyristor and drag it to the main model Select SIMscape power system specialized
technology fundamental blocks elements series RLC branch and drag it to the main model.
6. Select SIMscape power system specialized technology fundamental blocks electrical
sources> AC voltage source and drag it to the main model.
7. Select SIMscape power system> specialized technology fundamental blocks measurement
current measurement: voltage measurement and drag these to the main model.
8. Select SIMscape power system specialized technology fundamental blocks? powergui and
drag it to the main model.
9. Select Simulink> Commonly used blocks scope and drag it to the main model to observe
output and input quantities.
10. Select Simulink> Commonly used blocks sources Pulse Generator and drag it to the main
model to give pulses to thyristor.
11. Select Simulink-Commonly used blocks signal Routing's Goto and From and drag these
to the main model.
12. Arrange the components in the proper way.
13. Arrange the thyristor in bridge configuration and attach AC voltage source across this
bridge
14. Double click the series RLC branch and change the branch into a simple Resistive branch
with value 1-10 ohms
15. Along the R load we connect current measurement to measure the load current
16. Connect the voltage measurement across the load element to observe output voltage.
17.In the same way to observe input voltage we connect one volage measurement across
input AC voltage source.
18 Connect the pulse generator to all the four thyristors at the gate terminal.

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19. Apply sine wave as input and during the positive half cycle the current flows through the
switch S1 load element and S2 and reaches to the negative terminal of the Ac source.
20. During the negative half cycle the current flows through switch S3, load element and S4
and reaches the positive terminal of the Ac sources.
21. During positive half cycle swich S1 and S2 conducts and during negative half cycle
switch S3 and S4 conducts.
22. Tiggering pulses for switch S1 and S2 are same and for switch S3 and S4
23 Double click the P1 and set amplitude=1; period=20 msec; pulse width=5% of the period
and phase delay 60 degree(0.0033 secs) and same for P2
24 Double click the P3 and set amplitude=1; period=20 msec; pulse width=5% of the period
and phase delay 240 degree(0.0133 secs) and same for P4.
25 As the pulse generators of S1 and S2; S3 and S4 are the same. So, we connect the Goto
block to pulse generators Pl and P3.
26 Connect Goto blocks to voltage measurement and current measurement
27. Double click the scope and make some changes like no. of inputs=5 and layouts is 5 and
after that apply these changes and press ok. Then change the style of graphs and background
of scales and axes and apply these changes and click ok.
28. For a detailed graph we apply width of graph signal=1 and apply different colours for all
the five channels from 1 to 5
29. Change the lag of all the five Goto blocks
30. Connect the all five From blocks to the scope and update their tag.
31. Apply 230 volts input supply with frequency 50Hz.
32 Set the parameter of powergui continuous to discrete signal.
33. Set simulation width=01.
34 Go to the simulation in simulink taskbar and select model configuration parameter and
select automatic solver type and then press ok.
35. Make all the connections as shown in Fig given above.
36 New save this file and run the simulation.
37 Observe the characteristics of Single phase full-wave controlled rectifiers with R load.
38. Now change the load from R load to RL load and set L=0.1 Henry then save and run the
simulation and observe the characteristics of Single phase full-wave controlled rectifiers with
RL load.

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Block Diagram:

Fig 5.2) Single Phase Full- wave controlled Rectifier model with R load

Fig 5.3) Single Phase Full- wave controlled Rectifier model with RL load

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Results:
1. Gate pulse positive cycle
2. Cate pulse negative cycle
3. Load Current
4. Load Voltage
5. Input Voltage

a) R load

b) R-L load

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EXPERIMENT-6

Aim: To study and develop a Simulink model of Three Phase Full-wave bridge Controlled
Rectifier.
Software Used:MATLAB R2016a, Sim Power System Toolbox.
Switch used: Thyristor/IGBT from sim power system.
AC Input:Input Voltage=230 volts
Theory:A three phase fully controlled converter is obtained by replacing all the six diodes of
an uncontrolled converter by six thyristors.

Fig 6.1: Three Phase Full-wave bridge controlled Rectifier

For any current to flow in the load at least one device from the top group (TI, T3, TS) and
one from the bottom group (T2. T4, T6) must conduct. From symmetry consideration it can
be argued that each thyristor conducts for 120 of the input cycle. Now the thyristors are fired
in the sequence TI-12-13-T4→ T5 T6T1 with 60° interval between each firing. Therefore,
thyristors on the same phase leg are fired at an interval of 180 and hence cannot conduct
simultaneously. This leaves only six possible conduction modes for the converter in the
continuous conduction mode of operation. These are TIT2, T2T3, T3T4, T4T5, TS16, 1611.
Each conduction mode is of 60" duration and appears in the sequence mentioned. The
conduction table shows voltage across different devices and the de output voltage for each
conduction interval. For example, the thyristor TI is fired at the end of TS16 conduction
interval. During this period the voltage across II was vac. Therefore, T1 is fired at an angle
after the positive going zero crossing of vac to arrive at the waveforms it is necessary to draw
the conduction diagram which shows the interval of conduction for each thyristor and can be
drawn with the help of the phasor diagram. If the converter firing angle is a, each thyristor is

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fired "α " angle after the positive going zero crossing of the line voltage with which its firing
is associated.
Procedure:
1. Click on the Simulink icon on the MATLAB taskbar.
2. Select a blank model.
3. Go to the file and save the model.
4. Click on the library browser icon on the Simulink taskbar.
5. Select Thyristor, AC Voltage source, Pulse Generator, powergui, Voltage measurement
source. Scope, Mux, series RLC branch and drag it to the main model.
6. Rename all the three sources as A source, B source, C source and connect them to each
other.
7. All the cathode terminals of odd group thyristor are connected to each other and their
common terminal is connected to load and all the anode terminals of even group thyristor are
connected to each other and their common terminal is connected to load.
8.Anode of odd group thyristor (T1,T3,T5) are connected to Cathode of even group thyristor
(T4,T6,T2).
9. Connect the A source to the first group (T1,T4); B source to the second group (T3,T6); C
source to the third group (T5,T2).
10. Connect the pulse generator to all the six thyristors at the gate terminal.
11. Double click the Pl and set amplitude-5; period 20 msec; pulse width 50% of the period
and phase delay 30 degree (0.00166667 secs).
12. Double click the P2 and set amplitude-5; period-20 msec; pulse width-50% of the period
and phase delay 90 degree (0.005 secs).
13. Double click the P3 and set amplitude-5; period-20 msec; pulse width-50% of the period
and phase delay-150 degree (.008333 secs).
14. Double click the P4 and set amplitude-5; period-20 msec; pulse width=50% of the period
and phase delay-210 degree (0.01166667 secs).
15. Double click the P5 and set amplitude-5; period-20 msec; pulse width=50% of the period
and phase delay-240 degree (0.01333 secs).
16. Double click the P6 and set amplitude-5; period-20 msec; pulse width 50% of the period
and phase delay 30 degree(0.01833 secs).
17. Double click the series RLC branch and change the branch into a simple RL branch with
value R=10ohms and L-0.01 Henry.
18. Along the RL load we connect Voltage measurement to measure the load voltage.
19. Connect the Current measurement to measure the load current.

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20. In the same way to observe input voltage we connect three voltage measurement sources
across input AC voltage sources (source A, source B and source C).
21. Double click the MUX and change the input ports from 2 to 3 and connect all the three
voltage measurement sources to MUX.
22. Connect the Goto block to all the pulse generators and then connect Corresponding From
blocks to two MUX.
23. Connect From block (PGI,PG3,PG5) to one MUX and (PG2,PG4,PG6) to another MUX.
24. Double click the scope and make some changes like no. of inputs-5 and layout is 5 and
after that apply these changes and press ok. Then change the style of graphs and background
of scales and axes and apply these changes and click ok.
25. Connect MUX output, load voltage and current measurement to scope. 26. For a detailed
graph we apply width of graph signal-1 and apply different colours for all the channels from
1 to 2.
27. Apply 230 volts input supply with frequency 50 Hz.
28. Set simulation width = 0.1.
29. Go to the simulation in Simulink taskbar and select model configuration parameter and
select automatic solver type and then press ok.
30. Make all the connections as shown in Fig given above.
31. Now save this file and run the simulation.
32. Observe the characteristics of Three Phase Full-bridge Controlled Rectifiers with RL
load.
33. Now change the load from RL load to R load and then save and run the simulation and
observe the characteristics of Three Phase Full-bridge Controlled Rectifiers with R load.

Block Diagrams:

Fig 6.2: Three Phase Full-wave bridge controlled Rectifier model with R load

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Fig 6.3: Three Phase Full - bridge controlled Rectifier model with RL load

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Results:
1. Input Voltage2. Gate Pulse (PG1,PG3,PG5)
3. Gate Pulse (PG2,PG4,PG6)4. Load Voltage
5. Load Current
a) R Load

b) RL Load

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EXPERIMENT-7

Aim:To study and develop a Simulink model of Single-Phase Semi-converter

Software Used:MATLAB R2016a, Sim Power System Toolbox
Switch Used:Thyristor/IGBT from sim power system
AC Input:Input Voltage-230 volts.
Theory:Single Phase Semi Converter is also known as a half-controlled converter. A single-
phase half controlled or semi converter utilizes SCRs thyristor) and diodes to convert AC
power to DC power. Due to the utilization of diodes and thyristors, it provides limited control
over the level of DC output voltages.

Fig7.1 Circuit diagram of single-phase semi-converter

Block diagrams:

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Damanpreet kaur ELECTRIC DRIVES & CONTROL LABORATORY 20126020

Fig.7.2Single phase semi converter model with R load.

Fig 7.3. Single phase semi converter with RL load

Procedure:
1. Click on the Simulink icon on the MATLAB taskbar.
2. Select a blank model.
3. Go to the file and save the model. 4. Click on the library browser icon on the Simulink
taskbar.
4.Click on the library browser on the Simulink taskbar.

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5. Select Thyristor, AC Voltage source, Pulse Generator, Powergui, Voltage measurement

source, Current measurement source, Scope, Diode, series RLC branch and drag it to the
main model.
6. Connect thyristor and diodes.
7. Connect the AC voltage source to the bridge and add voltage source measurement to
measure input voltage.
8. Connect the pulse generator to the thyristors at the gate terminal.
9. Double click the Pulse generator 1 (PG1) and set amplitude=5; period=20 msec; pulse
width=10% of the period and phase delay=60 degree (0.0033 secs).
10. Double click the Pulse Generator 2 (PG2) and set amplitude=5; period=20 msec; pulse
width=10% of the period and phase delay=240 degree (0.01333 secs).
11. Double click the series RLC branch and change the branch into a simple R branch with
value R=400 ohms.
12. Along the R load we connect Voltage measurement to measure the load voltage.
13. Connect the Current measurement to measure the load current.
14. Double click the scope and make some changes like no. of inputs=5 and layout is 5 and
after that apply these changes and press ok. Then change the style of graphs and background
of scales and axes and apply these changes and click ok.
15. For a detailed graph we apply width of graph signal=1 and apply different colours for all
the channels from 1 to 5.
16. Apply 230 volts input supply with frequency=50 Hz
17. Set simulation width= 0.2.
18. Go to the simulation in Simulink taskbar and select model configuration parameter and
select automatic solver type and then press ok.
19. Make all the connections as shown in Fig given above.
20. Now save this file and run the simulation.
21. Observe the characteristics of Single-Phase Semi-Converter with R load.
22 Now change the load from R load to RI. load and then save and run the simulation and
observe the characteristics of Single phase Semi-Converter with RI. load.

Results:
1. Input Voltage2. Gate Pulse (PGI)
3. Gate Pulse (PG2)4. Load Voltage
5. Load Current

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a) R load

b)RL load

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EXPERIMENT-8

Aim: To study and develop a Simulink model of Three Phase Voltage Source Inverter using
180 degree conduction mode.
Software Used:MATLAB R20160, Sim Power System Toolbox.
Switch Used: Thyristor IGBT from sim power system.
AC Input: Input Voltage - 100 volts.
Theory:A three phase bridge inverter is a device which converts DC power input into three
phase AC output. Like a single-phase inverter, it draws DC supply from a battery or more
commonly from a rectifier. A basic three phase inverter is a six-step bridge inverter. It uses a
minimum of 6 thyristors. In inverter terminology, a step is defined as a change in the firing
from one thyristor to the next thyristor in a proper sequence. For getting one cycle of 360°,
each step is of 60" interval. This means thyristors will be gated at a regular interval of 60° in
a proper sequence so that three phase AC output voltage is synthesized at its output. In 180°
conduction mode of three phase inverter, each thyristor conducts for 180". Thyristor pair in
each arm i.e. (T1, T4), (T3, T6) and (TS, 12) are turned on with a time interval of 180°. It
means that TI remains on for 180 and T4 conducts for the next 180° of a cycle. Thyristors in
the upper group i.e. (T1, T3 & TS) conducts at an interval of 120". It implies that if T1 is
fired at wt0" then T3 will be fired at 120" and T5 at 240°. Same is also true for lower group
thyristors i.e. (T4, T6 & T2)

Fig 8.1: Circuit Diagram of Three phase Voltage Source Inverter

Procedure:
1. Click on the simulink icon on the MATLAB taskbar.
2. Select a blank model.

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3. Go to the file and save the model.

4. Click on the library browser icon on the simulink taskbar.
5. Select DC Voltage source, Pulse Generator, Powergui, Voltage measurement source, Sum,
Scope, Goto, From. IGBT/Diode, series RLC branch and drag it to the main model.
6. Connect IGBT/Diode in three parallel legs.
7. Connect the DC voltage source to the bridge.
8. Connect the pulse generator to the IGBT/Diode with the help of Goto and From blocks for
$1,53,55 and for $2,S4,S6 add logical operator NOT after pulse generator and then apply
pulses with the help of Goto and From blocks.
9. Double click the Pulse generator 1 (PG1) and set amplitude-1; period-20 msec; pulse width
50% of the period and phase delay-0 degree(0 secs).
10. Double click the Pulse generator 2 (PG2) and set amplitude-1; period-20 msec: pulse
width-50% of the period and phase delay-60 degree(0.00667secs).
11. Double click the Pulse generator 3 (PG3) and set amplitude-1; period 20 msec, pulse
width-50% of the period and phase delay--60 degree(-0.00667 secs).
12. Double click the series RLC branch and change the branch into a simple RL branch with
value R-1 ohm and 1-50mH.
13. Make a copy of this branch and connect these branches with all three phases (a,b,c).
14. Connect Voltage source measurement to measure voltage and ground the other terminal
of voltage source measurement.
15. Ground the common terminal of the three branches of RL
16. Double click the powergui and change its parameter from continuous to discrete.
17. Double click the scope and make some changes like no, of inputs 6(for scope 1), 3(for
scope 2); 3(for scope 3) and layout is 6,3,3 and after that apply these changes and press ok.
Then change the style of graphs and background of scales and axes and apply these changes
and click ok.
18. For a detailed graph we apply width of graph signal-2 and apply different colors for all
the channels in all the scopes.
19. Apply 100 volts input supply with frequency 50 Hz
20. Set simulation width 0.1.
21. Go to the simulation in simulink taskbar and select model configuration parameter and
select automatic solver type and then press ok.
22. Go to Scope >View>Configuration properties> and set variable name phase voltage and
line voltage and save format structure with time.
23. Go to powergui tools> FFT analysis and then set start time-0.03 and no, of cycles-2 and
then press display and observe harmonic spectrum of both line and phase voltage.

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24. To measure the line voltage we add a sum block to take the difference of phase voltages.
25. Make all the connections as shown in Fig2 given above.
26. Now save this file and run the simulation.
27. Observe the characteristics of Three Phase Voltage Source Inverter in 180 degree
conduction mode.

Block Diagrams

Fig 8.2: Three phase Voltage Source Inverter model

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Results:
1. Gate Pulse (PG1.PG2,PG3,PG4,PGS.PG6)

2. Phase Voltage

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3. Line Voltage

4. Harmonic Spectrum of Phase Voltage

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Damanpreet kaur ELECTRIC DRIVES & CONTROL LABORATORY 20126020

5. Harmonic Spectrum of Line Voltage.

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Damanpreet kaur ELECTRIC DRIVES & CONTROL LABORATORY 20126020

EXPERIMENT-9

Aim: To study and develop a Simulink model of Three Phase Voltage Source Inverter using
120 degree conduction mode
Software Used:MATI AB R2016a, Sim Power System Toolbox.
Switch Used: Thyristor 1611 from sim power system.
AC Input: Input Voltage 100 volts
Theory:A three phase bridge inverter is a device which converts DC power input into three
phase AC output Like a single-phase inverter, it draws DC supply from a battery or more
commonly from a rectifier. A basic three phase inverter is a six-step bridge inverter. It uses a
minimum of 6 thyristors. In inverter terminology, a step is defined as a change in the firing
from one thyristor to the next thyristor in a proper sequence. For getting one cycle of 360,
each step is of 60" interval. This means thyristors will be gated at a regular interval of 60 in a
proper sequence so that three phase AC output voltage is synthesized at its output. For a 120-
mode inverter, each thyristor conducts for 120° of a cycle. Like 180 mode, 120° mode
inverter also requires six steps, each of 60" duration, for completing one cycle of the output
AC voltage. Here it should be noted that step is nothing but the change in firing of one
thyristor to the next thyristor in a proper sequence. T1 is shown to be conducting for 120° and
for the next 60° neither T1 nor T4 conducts. T4 is turned ON at wt-180 and it further
conducts for next 120° i.e., up to tot = 300°. This simply means that for a 60 interval 1.c.
from ut-300° to 360°, neither TI nor T4 conducts. In fact, at cot-300°, T4 is turned OFF and
at ut-360. T1 is turned ON again. T3 is turned ON at ꞷt - 120° and it conducts for the next
1201. Then the 60 interval elapses during which neither T3 nor T6 conducts. At ot-300°, T6
is turned ON. It also conducts for the next 120° and then 60° interval elapses after which T3
is turned ON again. In Step-1. TI & T6 should be gated: TI & T2 for step-11; T2 & T3 for
step-III and so on. During each step, only two thyristors are conducting- one from the upper
arm and another one from the lower arm.

Fig 9.1: Switching scheme of Three phase Voltage Source inverter

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Fig 9.2: Circuit Diagram of Three phase Voltage Source inverter

Procedure:
1. Click on the Simulink icon on the MATLAB taskbar.
2. Select a blank model.
3. Go to the file and save the model.
4. Click on the library browser icon on the Simulink taskbar.
5. Select DC Voltage source, Pulse Generator, Powergui, Voltage measurement source, Sum,
Scope, Goto, From, IGBT/Diode, series RLC branch and drag it to the main model.
6. Connect IGBT/Diode in three parallel legs.
7. Connect the DC voltage source to the bridge.
8. Connect the pulse generator to the IGBT/Diode with the help of Goto and From blocks for
S1,S3,S5,S2,S4,S6
9. Double click the Pulse generator 1 (PGI) and set amplitude-1; period-20 msec; pulse
width=50 ( 120/180% of the period and phase delay=0 degree(0 secs).
10. Double click the Pulse generator 2 (PG2) and set amplitude-1; period-20 msec; pulse
width=50 (120/180) % of the period and phase delay-60 degrees(0.0033secs).
11. Double click the Pulse generator 3 (PG3) and set amplitude=1; period-20 msec; pulse
width=50*(120/180)% of the period and phase delay-120 degrees(0.00667secs).
12. Double click the Pulse generator 4 (PG4) and set amplitude-1; period-20 msec; pulse
width=50 (120/180) % of the period and phase delay=-180 or 180 degree(0.01 secs).
13. Double click the Pulse generator 5 (PGS) and set amplitude-1; period-20 msec; pulse
width=50 (120/180% of the period and phase delay=-120 or 240 degrees(-0.00667secs).

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14. Double click the Pulse generator 6 (PG6) and set amplitude-1; period-20 msec; pulse
width=50 (120/180% of the period and phase delay=-60 or 300 degrees(-0.0033secs).
15. Double click the series RLC branch and change the branch into a simple RL branch with
value R-1ohm and L-50mH.
16. Make a copy of this branch and connect these branches with all three phases (a,b,c).
17. Connect Voltage source measurement to measure voltage and ground the other terminal
of voltage source measurement.
18. Ground the common terminal of the three branches of RI...
19. Double click the powergui and change its parameter from continuous to discrete.
20. Double click the scope and make some changes like no. of inputs-6(for scope 1); 3(for
scope 2); 3(for scope 3) and layout is 6:3;3 and after that apply these changes and press ok.
Then change the style of graphs and background of scales and axes and apply these changes
and click ok.
21. For a detailed graph we apply width of graph signal-2 and apply different colors for all
the channels in all the scopes.
22. Apply 100 volts input supply with frequency 50 Hz.
23. Set simulation width - 0.1.
24. Go to the simulation in simulink taskbar and select model configuration parameter and
select automatic solver type and then press ok.
25. Go to Scope >View>Configuration properties> and set variable name-phase voltage and
line voltage and save format structure with time.
26. Go to powergui> tools> FFT analysis and then set start time=0.03 and no. of cycles-2 and
then press display and observe harmonic spectrum of both line and phase voltage.
27. To measure the line voltage we add a sum block to take the difference of phase voltages.
28. Make all the connections as shown in Fig2 given above.
29. Now save this file and run the simulation. 30. Observe the characteristics of Three Phase
Voltage Source Inverter in 120 degree conduction mode.

Block Diagrams:

Fig9.3 : Three phase Voltage Source Inverter model

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Results:

1.Gate Pulse:

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Damanpreet kaur ELECTRIC DRIVES & CONTROL LABORATORY 20126020

2.Phase Voltage:

3.Line Voltage:

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Damanpreet kaur ELECTRIC DRIVES & CONTROL LABORATORY 20126020

4. Harmonic Spectrum of Phase Voltage

5. Harmonic Spectrum of Line Voltage

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Damanpreet kaur ELECTRIC DRIVES & CONTROL LABORATORY 20126020

EXPERIMENT-10

Aim: To study and develop a Simulink model of Three Phase SPWM Inverter using
MATLAB.
Software Used: MATLAB R2016 Sim Power System Toolbox
Switch Used: IGBT from sim power system.
AC Input: Input Voltage-100 volts.
Theory: In Sinusoidal WM, the width of each pulse is varied in proportion to the amplitude of
the sine wave evaluated at the centre of the same pulse. The gating signals are generated by
comparing a sinusoidal reference wave with a triangular carrier wave of frequency Fr and Fc
respectively as shown in Figure10.1. Fr determines the inverter output frequency fo and its
peak amplitude Ar controls the Modulation Ratio (Ar/Ac) and hence the rms output voltage
Vo. Several pulses per half cycle are used and the pulse width is a sinusoidal function of
angular position of pulses in a cycle. A high frequency carrier wave Ve is compared to a
reference signal Vr having the desired frequency through a comparator. When the sinusoidal
wave has a higher magnitude, output is high, otherwise it is low. The comparator output is
processed in a trigger pulse generator in such a way that the output voltage wave has a pulse
width in agreement with comparator pulse width.

Fig 10.1: sinusoidal Pulse width modulation

Procedure:
1. Click on the Simulink icon on the MATLAB taskbar.
2. Select a blank model.

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Damanpreet kaur ELECTRIC DRIVES & CONTROL LABORATORY 20126020

3. Go to the file and save the model.

4. Click on the library browser icon on the Simulink taskbar.
5. Select DC Voltage source, Sawtooth Generator, Powergui, 3-Phase Voltage measurement
source. Add, Scope, Goto, From, IGBT. 3-Phase series RLC branch, Logical operator (NOT),
Compare to zero, Sine Wave, Ground, DEMUX and drag it to the main model.
6. Connect IGBT in three parallel legs.
7. Connect the DC voltage source to the bridge and double click the block and set Vin-100
Volts and frequency 50 Hz
8. Connect 3-Phase V-I measurement to the bridge circuit (A- first leg, B-second leg: C-third
leg) and set it to voltage measurement only (Phase to Ground).
9. Connect the 3-Phase load to the network and change the loud from RLC to R load with R-1
ohm and ground the load.
10. Now to design sinusoidal pulse width modulation, add 3 sine waves for 3-phase (RY and
B) and for comparing these add a sawtooth generator as carrier signal.
11. Double click the R-phase parameter and set amplitude-1, frequency-2*pi*50 (rad/sec) and
phase degree 0 rad.
12. Similarly, Double click the Y-phase parameter and set amplitude 1, frequency-2*pi*50
(rad/sec) and phase degree-27pi/3 rad (for 120 degree phase shift).
13. Similarly, Double click the B-phase parameter and set amplitude 1, frequency-2*pi*50
(rad/sec) and phase degree-2*p:/3 rad or 4*pi/3 (for-120 or 240 degree phase shift)
14. Now compare the sine wave of all the three phases with the sawtooth generator to give
the correct output of the pulse generator using the add block with (+-) sign where () is
connected to the sinewave and (-) is connected to the sawtooth generator.
15. Connect comparator to compare and change its parameter from default (<) to (>) which
means whenever the carrier signal is less than sine wave then at that time pulse is generated.
16. Now connect the pulses to IGBT switches with the help of Goto and From blocks for
IGBT1 IGBT3,IGBT5 and by using the logical operator (Not) after compare to zero for
IGBT2,IGBT4,IGBT6.
17. Add the powergui to the model.
18. Connect DEMUX to Vabc and change its parameters like no of output ports-3 and
connect a scope to observe the phase voltages and make some changes like no. of input ports-
3; layout-3. Time axis label-All and then change the style of graphs and background of scales
and axes and apply these changes and click ok.
19. To check R.Y and B sine wave, sawtooth waveform, Connect Scope with input port-4 and
layout-4. Time axis=All.
20. Connect scope with input ports-4 and layout 4 to observe how triggering pulses are
generated. Firstly, connect MUX to compare R-phase and sawtooth generator and connect

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this to scope's first port; Connect Add block output to the second port of scope; Connect the
third and fourth port of scope to observe the pulses that are given to S1 and S3.
21. Double click the scope and set no of input ports-6 to observe gate pulses.
22. To measure the Line Voltage, connect Add block (+-) to take the difference of two phase
voltages and connect the output port of this block to Scope.
23. For a detailed graph we apply width of graph signal=0.5 and apply different colours for
all the channels in all the scopes.
24. Set simulation width = 0.1.
25. Go to the simulation in Simulink taskbar and select model configuration parameter and
select automatic solver type and then press ok.
26. Go to Scope >View>Configuration properties> and voltage and save format structure
with time. set variable name-phase voltage and line
27. Go to powergui> tools> FFT analysis and then set start time 0.0 and no. of cycles-2 and
then press display and observe harmonic spectrum of both line and phase voltage.
28. Make all the connections as shown in Fig2 given above.
29. Now save this file and run the simulation.
30. Observe the characteristics of Three Phase Sinusoidal pulse width modulation inverters.

Block Diagram:

Fig10.2 : Three phase Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation Inverter model

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Results:
1. Gate Pulse

2. Phase Voltage

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3. Line Voltage.

4. Harmonic Spectrum of Phase Voltage

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5. Harmonic Spectrum of Line Voltage

6) Sine voltages and sawtooth generator

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52