WHAT IS BASIC LIFE SUPPORT ?
Basic Life Support (BLS) defines
Sequences of procedures performed to
restore the circulation of oxygenated blood
after a sudden pulmonary or cardiac arrest
until they can be given full medical care at a
hospital.
BLS does not include the use of drugs or
invasive skills.
GLOBAL BURDEN OF SUDDEN CARDIAC ARREST
Approximately 700,000 cardiac arrests per year.
Bystander CPR before arrival of emergency services –
doubles survival from sudden cardiac arrest.
Early resuscitation can result in >60 % survival.
BASIC LIFE SUPPORT
It can be provided by trained medical personnel,
including paramedics, and by Anyone who knows,
How To do it, anywhere, immediately, without any
other equipment.
PURPOSES OF CPR
Maintaining circulation and
oxygenation in order to maintain
a cardiac output to keep vital organs
alive.
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INDICATIONS OF CPR
CARDIAC ARREST
RESPIRATORY ARREST
COMBINATION OF BOTH
AHA GUIDELINES
The American Heart Association (AHA) is a non-
profit organization in the United States.
They are known for publishing standards on basic life
support and advanced cardiac life support (ACLS).
WHAT IS CAB APPROACH ?
There is a common acronym in BLS
used to guide providers in the
appropriate steps to assess and treat
patients in respiratory and cardiac
distress. This is CAB-D (Circulation,
Airway, Breathing, Defibrillate)
CAB –Circulation Airway Breathing
CHAIN OF SURVIVAL
FIVE LINKS OF ADULT CHAIN OF SURVIVAL-
•Early recognition of cardiac arrest.
•Activation of the Emergency Response System.
•Early CPR, to provide blood supply to vital organs.
•Early defibrillation to restart the heart.
•Comprehensive post-cardiac arrest care to restore
quality of life.
ACTIONS FOR PERFORMING ADULT CPR
1 Assess scene safety.
2 Determine responsiveness
3 Check carotid pulse
4 Perform chest compressions
5 Open Airway
6 Check Breathing and deliver breathe.
SCENE 1- YOU FIND AN ADULT LYING ON GROUND
ASSESS SCENE SAFETY
Assess to make sure the scene is safe for you to
respond to the down patient.
ASSESS RESPONSIVENESS
Shake the shoulder and speak to the adult
asking ARE YOU ALLRIGHT? . Look at the
chest and torso for movement and normal
breathing simultaneously.
CHECK CIRCULATION
Check the patient for a palpable carotid
pulse for 5-10 seconds. (Do not check for
more than 10 seconds.)
SHOUT FOR HELP
IF THERE IS NO PULSE AND
NO/ABNORMAL BREATHING
START CPR
CARDIO-PULMONARY RESUSCITATION
To start CPR, place patient in supine position on a firm
and flat surface.
Kneel down to the patient and locate the position for
chest compression on person’s chest.
LOCATION OF CHEST COMPRESSIONS
Locate the lower 1/3
of the patient’s
sternum between the
nipples in the midline
of body.
HAND POSITIONING FOR CHEST
COMPRESSIONS
1. Lock your arms.
2. Place the heel of one
hand over the center of
the person's chest,
between the nipples.
Place your other hand on
top of the first hand.
3. Keep your elbows
straight and position
your shoulders directly
above your hands.
CONTINUED…….
Use your upper body weight (not just your arms) as
you push straight down on the chest at least 2 inches
(approximately 5 centimeters) but not greater than
2.4 inches (approximately 6 centimeters).
GOOD QUALITY CHEST COMPRESSIONS
Press hard and fast.
Allow for full chest recoil with each compression.
Allow for only minimal interruptions to chest
compressions.
CHEST COMPRESSIONS
Deliver 30 chest compressions initially.
Push hard at a rate of 100 -120 compressions
per minute.
AIRWAY
After initial 30 chest compressions ,assess and
establish airway.
Give 2 rescue breaths, each lasting for 1 seconds
and assess for visible chest rise with each breath
AIRWAY :OPEN THE AIRWAY
After giving 30 chest compressions open
victim’s airway.
There are two maneuvers to open the
airway-
HEAD- TILT CHIN-LIFT MANEUVER
(Or Jaw thrust maneuver if spinal cord
injury is suspected).
JAW THRUST MANEUVER
RESCUE BREATHING
A technique used to resuscitate a person who has st
opped
breathing, in which the rescuer forces air into the
victim's lungs at intervals of several seconds.
METHODS OF RESCUE BREATHS
Mouth-to-Mouth Rescue
Breathing
Mouth-to-Nose and Mouth-to-
Stoma Ventilation
Ventilation With Bag and Mask
Ventilation With an Advanced
Airway
32
Mouth to Mouth Breathing
Use a barrier device if available.
pinch the nostrils for mouth-to-mouth
breathing.
Make a seal using your mouth over the mouth
of the patient or use a pocket mask or bag mask.
Bag and mask Ventilation: The one-hand
E-C technique
Place the mask on the patient’s
face before attaching the bag.
Using the non dominant hand,
create a C-shape with the thumb
and index finger over the top of
the mask, and apply gentle
downward pressure. 33
Hook the remaining fingers
around the mandible, and
lift it upward toward the
mask, creating the E.
Cover the nose and the mouth with the mask
without extending it over the chin. Change the
size of the mask, as appropriate, to create a good
seal.
RESCUE BREATHING
Each rescue breath should last approximately 1
second.
Watch for chest rise.
Allow time for the air to expel from the
patient.
Cardio-Pulmonary
Resuscitation
1 cycle of adult CPR is 30 chest compressions
to 2 rescue breaths.
Perform 5 cycles of CPR (lasts approximately
2 minutes).
CONTINUE CPR
2
30
If two providers are present: switch rolls
between compressor and rescue breather every
5 cycles.
High Quality CPR
30 compressions to 2 breaths
100-120 compressions per minute
RATE AND DEPTH OF CPR
CONTINUE RESUSCITATION UNTIL
Qualified help arrives and takes over
The victim starts breathing normally
Rescuer becomes exhausted
AUTOMATED EXTERNAL
DEFIBRILLATOR
An AED, or automated external
defrillator, is a device that has
the ability to detect irregular
heart rhythm and it automatically
delivers a defibrillation shock to
stop irregular heart beat and allow
a normal rhythm to resume.
AEDs are designed to be used by
any laypersons.
ATTACH PADS TO CASUALTY’S BARE
CHEST
DEFIBRILLATION
YOU CLEAR
I CLEAR
ALL CLEAR
IF VICTIM STARTS TO BREATHE
NORMALLY PLACE IN RECOVERY
POSITION
RECOVERY POSITION
COMPLICATIONS OF CPR
1. Rib Fracture
2. Internal injuries to
organs
3. Laceration related to
the tip of the
sternum
4. Vomiting and
aspiration
5. Gastric distension.
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TAKE HOME MESSAGE
Taking the right action quickly and confidently can
make the difference between life and death for a
person dealing with cardiac arrest.
