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Nuclear Physics

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
86 views42 pages

Nuclear Physics

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mmd812147
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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AEE cAmenp tio canbteu (ER omg { ua Sn Pomar? aS air op rapa zaleaTARR a mse Fix 124 | L— Disensde spect) Une, ’ ‘Absorption epee rum aS AGP omer ome sae » | Dock Boe espn eam ar ay ROLE > 7 cevighen epettuim-@ & Ry ‘oniainn 25 [i ll aoe 7 i | Yeoek ana 5 «ale 1 hq 2 NR AED sc Eephnalion of Heaton Gpecum Enengy bel oF olen abr y Vi] pre Tey -o85ev wusev t= 7 See St Wel tee of sents k f E | me 7 Toy ak dco bogh tea ot serigy Bly yn Series t ee ur 2B Boner o-oret ‘Rig ere Lenenr ae any eprertaer oor O88 [Pita ee lhe be sles Rion “ea chlae SoAONE exttse | OT 1 Om 2GO%y) AY” ANS GT ne 28 4RC- SReéor a] n- ceop owrRoe)— de ey = 006exi5? 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Ten “er ets apa G (ona emu Se TC SB at ahange sao 1.63 x10% i ‘t smallest chonge of universe. Mass : 0.000549 amy a ibe SS Tea ena apr eA HITE wz renee ara -9 CPAs ATL Dass number + [air GA se oA RR Tent 6 RRew ek aoe wR | yeaa | mweanan sj = usta sain RET | | = Reger SN PLA: Adenie ass + Atomic mass —> nucleus Ta woah of peden mass of vector = [Gomer pate er fr Eat pensive: : oe BRag.N= Ae ox i Berna A=) "Gi Rants Raa | se : | ie aed eee oon one: R ef See eF Sica ow we | > Qe Rarkeer an aire 5 oor erg ase) Sere afer] bia-smegr (A= 2a) ET ABT Gere spa o a a eTeR 2. fst ORT @. ake Ce. | Tupac —> haw” caer ae ee Xe Monie wass, unife ; i = von? “ ae 1 \ 5 Teme a reco IO My = FOE ITF Pen omnper | | | Clesifcalin of peclite a. 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Saat: Toman + “es-ssoar mary Hana swans aoe fag wraps or Rar | Umer eracqee -enZonsE = | |, | the ae / “y Na ok er | (eRe 957 size of techn: Nucleus size, shape. ond deoshy + For all prackiol purpose shope of nuclens i ragmcled a ‘phere ' deviation < 20 7, L 907 Spherical (apes) w» = 2 Gmremeperd OR uR sor : eb ogo Py Len wo or SAT [- D> VR ACH) Q Danan Le | pee 3 nea hinge | > exa ee : adage oe i Jf Os Ga se ORATOR pon AX Aomu ane ‘slams an pea 5 je —— mil Fe BE Gane Se miei =e (ere) oe o P acer Gres an 60 naman of econ). These ruaclins ort cnaffecled by “Temperature, prssurs, rragnehe Feld ond olhen physicel condition. Because ll ise gheromenm oeeuts inside Smits Buontum yeonics —> Lecerr feln Abe classe ral all Sve 2 Baceguan & radoetviy = dig ce Ginst Aisesve rad y Nene Decgum| ioe Bratapr oa nppr sprees Bor cer HAT sae ybtarr: “eee Bre OT year (ome neaferaps, Be Aber Cocqusm|, Made Meni Curie amd Peru Caries experiment shave tbat he radian evitfed tS" com faite’ got Than Ther bad dav din ge pend on umber of toms. “And they bed inven Finsh readionefve atom Polontom (f). doom Pichilend ora. eg ae chy name. ‘poland. toon doe merle Radon fe) Fy 190% Cacia osvge ond Oaegiin| both wt rebel prize 8 oe ‘some nucle > CB qr Hon shy cg ven oh pnstere ©) Be For obams cit 2 <7205 Shble wedei hove Bea Jemmple: ay he MN, aye, hog —> shel I ue MEE, SN, tna, Sen > she S165 vounsble > nob in shobilily belt: RENE fone Fo ce eects oe et Ga= permd iF vucleae Free ond Fe is alana nec is sfbles nurs oiirectinwer—> B2Frwme 4 eN=> Unshble, Gone poof orer Cron nG paar eget oar ole cre > Pree rupuliive > A2Gamsre@aqer | Gera naberr 16 p-aa exer Braye s Forotome coith anda Dro, he mela ave 4 & 1.6 les 54 0 oles te ay Radi J | eben weg a3] pre] en FR Crt Beta poe { PPB A Gif ramy 4. Gra fer ea oor | 2a hor wo Rene | ; PE: Kah ee, ner 0 TINY oir ayale pres a3 x10 sar era fener cram jae Gea Ba = saxo y 1 ae ae eine aif pra Gu ear veisa/ BOT aos CET TE Aeq= a deagt s oi Cuno alo-onegs Lo€ ager Gis orto FRE MNE a sprereat ayes Radon ind = Uday $1 sete wager olimat team ys —earrorbar ar Rar 440-09, 6 gable epi exqa an Gor Ou Gatarar kar aE 22 -earw? “wo fla ae! sree AL Gaor GLBRG-waibax OT [orOM) Gromer aqeal our fen wofirea- Soe our A fenmone flon? (RB ee Pats =|-wna ee Qa Oat or Gm eB a Boripaars eB orur a, BY Ader «1 “ener Goma fete OGrpon orpse se Gaya com Aero cat (2hgnr ~at5) = Ae > ine ear” — 0d ‘som satoy 4 SPE deny [olay a |e aa parcicle io a be’ nucleus ° ¥ thee + Gamo clay by nackus enite an 2p. Chages +e co alle paid deny 2X —> the + By 5 a emp) 2 nuclear ruaclion : sum of alomie number amd sem of ‘mass number. muck be equal on j both cide, Joram: ug eee SU —> Thee EET + QA Enngy) ss th (eee) _ f PX thes BY + Weed) a ayclean uoekimn the lah mate of quscerls and the abd mace of pedals mist be qual. Suk oF dow hhoppen 50. A veny small aunty of was (qoen0% 0%) is wiesing nthe preducls. This. phevormengy, 5, sled wate defect. Then cabana did the defected vase go> something is ee conan inthe ranetion . Whesh is aeheel happening dhe ruoation ic thot Ae Selected was, hos converted info it's equivalent sass energy catch tofere Jo Q Grengy): : plas decks am = seein Oey] Enea dato woes dele pmamKe yY > lel-lr l= P lie Ener of ewilled de oulile ‘ | XS kt ye Feed a BB | i PO ries (witesy ob we ‘ares ; Eleclaen Caplin ‘Rae doony 24 5p in redieoetve Pride se ont tuakin few=0 Changes -© > dose! Cyaathen in praroes of €48- i Is “YK ter Ayn D4 OW EE tee eames . Mo tes ne T ra Radio aclvify io anvcleae. phenomenon. TH makes he conse thet a Fhese rasctims . a. esition | emission call hapgen from inside the nude. All spocki on made a $0 iq Adee roclees emits en 4 27. THs eicy do untenslnd, fash fo Bo decry veleus emits ebm. “Thane is.n0 © inde he wvcleus han cuune ail kc ex come a huge “Tp chal Flas | prielon Pngide he nucleus | — Spade +d | “This fe is generated ot Iris mre inside Fhe nuckes fon the conserevanon of change « Trager patcle V— Arkinestino coos suggested ye Arli-nedrivo cons emited ton. entra soaseoney and opin momen eansersotien, ® s+ QzI*% | B= Lome Gopeemy)] Ow Wes sesh bles ly A The emg Exe © Q > Theon'ficll (5 if cn observed the ame rection again ancl agin Fall the p-porticle emithed fan same type ruck; cui Inve sme ew Ta a, Sienna ih dues hap pen Supe. | BS ated feo» yeon Peasyed fra ryeo Goherdid does the missing ener “Lime sciembish ascumed Jef. Prdecay decent mainbin, cutlass | aeally a Seed HET Pole] 3a veh have some energy: for the some ¥ , in ao decry oll the ¢-portile “8 evilled fone same wucki leave ame energy Pact in ~~ rasetion. Ee issing wD ° ° ay 8 of dint omy conservation os *| Bo 1991 pasl suggeste Aendomentol parciele iL wall ore fy oun conte be ‘neiniing consenvoin of erengy: | F194, F.Tenmi- discovered Hef w-fnceomerl | porclicle erjstanar ond elhanselenstics- He named ik newbsino. Arti neaine Ta pate of revhno . | mass 30 | dors: change 0 invisible oe itio spn i Very veny high pene traf it | ny vety big penedralin poauin. it con prretombe tight year, veg silvers foi plate. Senso | team dake variable seven =~ KE ge g Corservelion of apn women: fn jpase+T in: ob ao Spins of See aearest Tang oe PmeD ee fast o Changes +e e ko fer hy aon onli particle fe Achy Pdeny is emvension ofa prot info a ‘vrewtnen inside nuclers. aP— m+ fe +d L gerereed af tis mn Pin dey om a tees ape beta nage deeraases, peas Ge Tron trp }EA A) Frengy raed [Brthronil LC spentaaneos seo’ ysge 49 rece oe Tat Freres cero yA Seg Sabor ewenellen “E> 856) Eom abseced rte ew) Linon sourbemens is quite difficuble fon a nuchos is 4 i i Sp—s mage +d il = Ag > Binding eengy rast on Tiel |Aeinje pheso meron con ost nated ct Ley. | To hem alone shell i veny © : elie te miele. GP Iehes am Fam (shall and conver info newdren. | Wate ney | 1 Flectne magnetic eave | alin a nodeve emits on p particle th yor excited 40 a hishon, energy wel (medlees energy f Levelsara similon toe emengy bhels) “Ths exc fed muchas $i tues fomoan 4 ite ground shte calile doing 60 sf cemids a hay energetic (Cex) raditnn tlie (gay FS BEI | ——¢ —— EP UREA Ty Cane a Ba ROE ORE oo ee ie Afar ecg ter an (RT SEAR Se (REG rene spar ae A+ | k eax, —eorntel rar sf) Gen Feoer hn a a Biers / Piemeion mea fACRorDR ET aD we ‘ea Pat B AR a ag: Gear Eichoge of opedve. | perce then ne Shug fee Exchonte of ttesm Thon of Nene $y | Sigg | = 220 7 . | “a age maple tina befowm 40 pro, Ba ce “ar —tumgt + “eas Gre ay gor? 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[Res Ore 28 walker oreysen oar par Se6 Beifeer ora eraaer maege xem bey 5 GE seoige anne REL op | Bays oly eres BT 88) = HL dy Nexen | qsargiee AL de ca Ro 7 oe) Leperds on Elenenls ond ivhopes P Nearer i 5 Gees MEP sore aE erie orbs ae [hare Se See abe Seem ar ey OP aa Dasoay ase, eter | Bees Swi, at La at dag! [bee aa srapreasy = N. ed Ses | a . i =dv N “oe | > fray _ 0% | > Ss - frre 4 1 le (Ge) = — Ae fe et 3 [3] ceotens ama: experentol Ayer oa Fes 08 see ae Dar: re reared S eS TOIT 5. CO ee TEEN SR | T a Geogr Opta1200 onl Garo, Sram ~ Stine Geran cops ser Gear annie tsrame fog) 1 apps ar Secor 2.1 X16 63! “ALO BOAT end aD en ery“ MIOHETATHS] ADAH wWxwe [tir rear haf ie: ee -serye ow ae ea banr sures ee enter ang eter eee erro eckiye-me TTPO, pe te GO Ip yea a ssa SatRan Wate Oy 450 qa eer ATO aor G8 seuss Volpe apryg we OE Teach xo oar anor 450A -weas GRE OE eres > aereneiar me Sone ase OES [eoereibae, 1 poten of ek oflee “mu al life + Ae aholf Wife 2 Ne-BE~ haf Wifes Ne Ste Me | Bore ofan @ afar eRe wa JG mens wax6 srenat—eor eomua wag FOC ee wotar eles, MEET oe as Serdar or? mea ere ous expe Aatir- arb t TASC ian ore Aerage We Re Cota ay we [ora “sragratoraangye” Sth Tae Celene GATE Gear “sry n) ar wr mera OF Tere TEM TE Pelee sr expr -wars | siroyre Say ugeegg ra “cit omacansn() | ae ow cs Ne mee of emgage 2h Zhe Yi sfonayr sere: ener et csp cers Rermyer 2G oragye sa maa [Re sontarer ahve afbemmggr’| SaN=-amet He Font eagree < arartah= 2R2! om ae deo 2M oor onbre a aye one «9 edb sence dn shape me ee AN “SR era Cad pe fee at). IN = 48N Gee ne uepron ye Scots aihS i [ean SRE OT gy $ » = am JP ere ——@ verte we (a a Settee (ge food YD, MEK Gar Otero? pe anime OS 8ED paf?-m or Fg one pte I ORR ord ote yx 8887 | nr esate a “om ockialy Listed pate Be Ree | Oca Belek one Gh 4005, Einebsn in his spiel theme f ralelvify- Suggaskd lat ase i¢ acanoe of enengy. he prdeled thot mass ond enengy. ort equiabnt, BP Th every of alniy i incvosed by omount 'E! Ja a cen Goce IC We Thnk That mass conve Diol energy eb nscs daconte, Erekein witli uh in dhe format. wok: [tellin egy. ms Nees f ty efor o enengy. sje 7 server mm hate mass 77 © venen, arn is amount 0 cen ined fy elated» coban energy | Pow + of mother, ci | | I ig abeonbed mass inemases.. r Gohich hos mons mass — i Astatio foal or arn ideal wevvgg ba) | t f i An ideotical vevigg bl | Mow tay = Matin tt My Atens ae yee Moan Eis isk fects Sage | ey ev Cri his 5) oe | Yq " pe & hen | ruckus neveling KEM jo Mednafen a mal) Thats cabelas, | dowd fell this enlnawass in oun dhy fy 5 (GB om felt i " he & 6 jl Whe tok dis mass is net ocnat jee oon 5 i Ss e, yn i rn Prom is waking tub the! umn of all Ave [eng divided by Or out P 5 j ae Peat Kat Phas Kee + RE Ey fone cln che TENE ey t & 971 mete ohne objec i AY. intrinsic mass | © Stan a0 gear ac ona | fae is an den “emeet oF ener * conned | | ja bday Bhs ~pepaty dak ol energy oh bis Fl i i 3 || i eres Torch <> e+ The note of nuckus, is lee than the sian of [mass of muclens. 000 Per’. O09 ea ooo ee rveleons rae rycen > Maveleus, Sis because, Sone oss diesopens desing Forreston of wud ome energy is rebeted sarig nation cof cles is phenomeran is called mass defect. Because formation of nucleus is a sponrbnies means it is exothenmic Thats cah energy ioruba (ferfous sone —orewe acy 2 gare aa Ben ag page aan aa pe ned et: FR [psmameear ey oF a8 anc /06ra08* [PP fears Exp Rete wer, si ~ Pesca Stiga leket | eftkefat Soma oR argpounr RE “OMEN Serer 2 Gee} Tgp. eer ea onaegT + Mip= 1.67 262x104 =%, Hf Bind Brey | res RRP eg ge OR Gur ander aa el Rbgipe in-ear an Rie 4] co [Geter wes G2(eur gnarer erwer par geo [aS me or fim af ate eer Moan pre arse: — a i mprateae (a2 Rega (RPqer esa HH ALE 1 ye 16925 ag : Gia oe @ —t+—} | = e611 (oto = 951.5 te | amy oy 9315 Mew | Tur oy COUT snwdleus + (Prt Foor os Satay & fe eee oo nuchi A’and “Box hosirgy pects end 10 14V, Thobs mens 5 Mev Lie maguire $0 bras A’ nuclus on 5 Mev is rubsed | ducing formation of JA’ others o& 10 mev je g mequirad to bruak’®' om jo Mev is rubssed doing EL formation of ‘01. Tr Yak erase plnucleus is mere 3 cloble than AL. 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Thy dny to These he lee sty Tesh noclean Fission on. rode och. Pte A doe: ll BE denies slangly € fn the 3h i} Pea bin | | “These nich one light ond unstable Peggy gel | | pi shiity Ahraugh nucleon Ficion, # AdI80 md ALZO KDA 6 ieee so0tgos smo | oy ase. fe oi > if ada dito nla p> 90.079764 any arose defect = obemie mass — mass rumen | m= an spo eg fo > tea >it * f ago, Adio > ma fe) > Om if rwLadieo—» mLa—> fe) shite, istoble | SCRE Rg Recta EO RR POnen ge estar A es ae [emp nie a] = Rup +2) mg) ow = Le bop) Ang mde A Omer) 4m = AY em JRO) vn ta cde a (ele lee sickens fpegoys GunoR > 2Eewy Shble. 2B i [fore | —Teepin sbolality GE Or be inchuate "Bn ogre rookion, ube OF Tneners. nena i> loge ce xa) any gneY ran agin Ee Puclean. Fission : Moncada pte nb lan iain nici of vray eh was a yay a] ths? 200 5545 Eyer BE: 35000 ew aa é vee of Jf Penn Fists 1 I> OF COT (Sra) Too ore mor lighten nuclei cbine to Faron aby mors A+ B—> @ femora ae 25 TOE + ome Sm Cov sate: [oF Rteonr “ex Seip COTE matt eran Oretane HAfanir ee lecaee oar aya ir Nerel —> Ane] aaile RE Taian la || aren eset | Ren end nae waren AE RTA Aa hear ah Mh e+ net a5, Sag 2n8ey le, cilga steeds gaia | ais onbeode eae ehh se? wor Gorda R91 emt | eae ane orherms ares | i R2Bq Gages —or Bare Rom ae BG ynr wen snyeon PPR GP ae oe Rage ee Ge afar gr + 3 | Q— 0-0 i parent clas Taree niel/ Fission Frsckion, L 2.999 -G_ Ennion Fen -Crauner “lea 3g pena efor oer “era -cxq op aero Stresman 6 pind Meitnen. a ® tot of the Fivions ame binary. 4 ont of 1000 Piasone ort Teninansy. The doupten gadeiraet comparable. sine, ie Roatooetidy is alinm of spomoneas Resin Jearaly evil il Sporbreous Pisson —s rence oe Tradved Gsion —s adel by goby, Badd be ween Goda by | ine Sy SPRUP RS Meet Bhat 4a, ine 85 Yo otety he ioe My SU [RU Me xe Spt tN [AF On am overage 9.41% ndnons ara ralisedd per Fission reas tion, Tena nohan =] Maeie (RRR Dequer ana ins Ey s[puyo ene Boyt am + | = CMTE Crap -G ctr AL Fiend pass uO Hu EIT BYP TOT nye aT ORT OF Come” 4) geome? a AR BOGE yulnen (RTT Baldor cree erage. flan eeal 4 a5. 0485 | ane ong cocg F in ox1-08 som 00865 Waar AEs amy fe 200 te Anuclevs of 1% on Peston robsed A 200 MeY one fee Ai Poarnabey ety mass dasa pens . [> The daushkn nvebi ora nadio olive. Ty Firdian emit 4b. ¢ AaelOoqen ei as— Racaa ee) [resem mage rma 42 om] saat a | iS medias ua Sas Ren aren orar ar aTSP Oa) orkOYene ix arta ert more 2am 248 /etr Aan ae | Necker Obin Rove fen Ee Sete aber, one Pasion owas mom en one Basie, 3 Enengy wi lh all Tis ig hoo i : tomb wede. Feorcomesntration of tual “#U" Go nolor aay FU 9.7%, = 09% Th 1000 by rafal Unesiom only ey is” RU is non Fistile. Focoine cant be fissioned ouitn [tena melas. 88 am only Be Reioned cath Sg ha 8 + eo" Pee) tin ean BREE | have enoih ene ae of de inelastic hep leant fee 27 ccatherings ache Boy SE | ete nay #5 Faled tee slow madrons are obsorted ry su eceanss “wana an Re ve fn te ant ar Lo brder rvoelon -& (or clein rusclienm@e De AE BAY OT arefy an aU The Tal "BG" Tg Borah ey yee | GeJon Tueral wins (086) | tach d the Vee, Oe oe she dope tase ee | swchnane hou DY Exes) eee Co hak Hesycon cm “haben Critic Moss! Even slow notions move abt @himes apel of sod. DF the layer of fuel is din, the nobrone nay pase fhneugh tk cxithaot casing.” Fusion. go,then must be a winimum mass of Fol Ral cubich can eustain chin reaction , This minim, Qu 1s called Onitieal mace, TH i i Foal ond sped of nvlnons. © Con hnaling the rate of fassion + | fre Runber be of Fision in Roast genera | spraviens greed depends on oety a offal raguicad fon elsin relied | ion The consis coverad ji fea > one Fao eawesne Fnion, rate oF energy Hhessed i4, conse SS One Basi enues mane tien one Fin, rake of enengy One Fyesion aovse less than one Fosion, Tate ct enengy Vibe rated deenases, Leese Recto SS SS enated ineruaces . ia mele Ineck cn or shal $e prawnt han ff ae — | | | “rary 4q 295 5 Fiesle: ; A nods = 200 Mey { 1 Moderator + i sorters hang cat, repli Moderate set in he Lok weving ates to tread notes eo that there couse Rantan ison Cura Bod: | bona, cad in, hese | Teewslel ta ate of os Letom, Tay ane viedo erodndl \ vale 4 2 | Tegan mode of nednen abenbing raberials | rate of Fis % | rate oF Fision ges upd combs nade ar loud ob Vier-vengg They ar oomreke d Te dempesol eeny j Colac: | Galak cincilils anand dhe emt in 9m laps § absorbs hee om Fission at copies lise heat to bile boilen -to heat costen., | | Should have Ligh specific Heat opel: ) | A a | (coders cog, liguid Sudinn) | 4

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