Lecture (6) Phylum Arthropoda, Contd.ense organs 1.The Compound Eye: O21 It is composed of a large number of vertically arranged Q ° visual units (the ommatidia) . The surface area of each ommatidium is covered by a portion of transparent cuticle corneal facet). Ommatidium is composed of : > The corneal lens is secreted by the underlying two corneagen cells. > The crystalline cone is a long transparent refractive body. It is secreted by four long crystalline cells and surrounded by long pigment cells. > The retina is formed of eight pigmented sensory retinula cells, arranged around an inner refractive rod called the rhabdome . > The inner ends of the retinula cells penetrate the basement membrane in the form of a nerve bundle which pass into the optic nerve. Pigment cells form a complete thin cylinder around the ommatidium > When light is strong , the proximal and distal pigments spread all over and act as a screen preventing light from crossing from one ommatidium to another and vice versa. yay corneagen cells det crystalline cells tee WE pigment cells iol thabdome ashe ye revinula cells teas Sit nerve fibres paid corneal lens Sat yA enptalline cone baat stomach2-Statocyst Q There is a pair of statocysts situated in the proximal segment of the 1 antenna. Q Each statocyst develops as an ectodermal invagination in the form of a small} vesicle with a narrow aperture which partly sealed by dense setae. Q Sensory hairs project from special receptor cells in the wall of the statocyst] towards its cavity. Q This cavity is filled with a_gelatinous fluid in which are embedded a number of fine sand grains, statoliths, arranged in contact with the sensory hairs in a special order. Q Any vibration in the surrounding water transports its effect to the sand grains, which will be felt by the sensory hairs of the statocysts. Apap) Jai WS Ciliated receptor cells dye gil Cilia aisclpas js) Aaya a sensing gravity & igen ipa AS Sensory nerve fibers3- Chemoreceptors Q These are sensory hairs that concerned with smell (borne on the two pairs of antennae) and taste( on the feeding appendages) 4-Tactile hairs: Q These are mainly concentrated on the feeler of 2"¢ antennae (for orientation) and on oral appendages and chelipeds(for feeding)Life cycle: OFertilization externally occurs, where the seminal fluids deposited by the male in the thelycum that serves as an external seminal receptacle in the female. OFertilized ova are then shed directly into the sea. OThe fertilized egg hatch out early in a simple free-swimming larva known as the Nauplius larva which moults and passes through three successive larval stages : protozoaea , zoaea and mysis larvae. OTherefore, development of the prawn involves a process of complete metamorphosis. Life cycle: - Fertilized egg > hatchs > Nauplius larva > moults > Portozoaea larva > moults > Zoaea larva > moults > Mysis larva > moults > Adult °Phylum: Arthropoda Subphylum II: Crustacea Class 1: Malacostraca Order (1): Decapoda Suborder (B): Pleocyemata (reptantia) Crustacean decapods are adapted for crawling, although some have become secondarily adapted for swimming. They are characterized by the following: ~The body is dorsoventrally flattened, the rostrum is reduced or absent. “The ambulatory appendages (pereiopods) are usually heavier than those of the dendrobranchiata and the first pair of legs is usually powerful chelipeds. ~The abdominal appendages (Pleopods 1-5) are often reduced and are never modified for swimming. ~The abdomen exhibits various degrees of reduction. 1 The Pleocymata is further divided into the following infraorders: Macrura , Brachyura and Anomura.Phylum: Arthropoda Subphylum II: Crustacea Class 1: Malacostraca Order (1): Decapoda Suborder (B): Pleocyemata Infraorder 1: Macrura (large-tailed) Family: Astacidae Ex.: Astacus fluviatilis (crayfish) Abdomen is extended and well- developed , bearing full number of appendagesGeneral Characteristics: » Habitat: fresh water & Body shape: It is much broader and shorter than prawn » Cephalothorax: is covered by a large carapace with reduced rostrum » The abdomen: is markedly dorsoventrally flattened, extended and well developed with full number of small appendages » The Cephalic appendages: + Two pairs of antennae in addition to three pairs of oral appendages. » The thoracic appendages: * Three pairs of small, leg-like maxillipeds. » Five pairs of ambulatory appendages: The 1* pair is markedly large cheliped, terminating in huge chelae for fighting and seizing “+ The remaining four pairs are markedly smaller, long and slender walking legs of which the anterior two pairs are chelate. » The abdominal appendages: are reduced in size, except for the uropod which is larger and much broaderPhylum: Arthropoda Subphylum: Crustacea Class1: Malacostraca Order (1): Decapoda Suborder (B): Pleocyemata Infraorder 2: Brachyura (short- tailed) Family: Portunidae Ex.: Neptunus plagicus (crab)Ea tall By AA ey 7 _L chetiped Sth thoracic appendage BE 2 eS Pr o oN i i, SE Hat ah Y Git tennate S ath ne i Ww antenna, cephalothorax ‘4 N \ Boo 7 Vi j of pier 9 gy Ss aS SS es 2 Z carapace ope (Dorsal view rs oS , Gah pall Sat - os Sth thoracic > & « ne dys » Ub SI ed) ponerGeneral Characteristics: >> Habitat: aquatic > Body regions: ‘+ A broad cephalothorax and greatly reduced flexed abdomen > The cephalothorax: is wider than long. * It is compressed and covered by a large horizontal carapace produced laterally into hollow expansions (branchiostegites) covering the gills > The cephalic appendages * comprises two pairs of antennae, and three pairs of oral appendages( mandible, 1** & 2" maxillae), in addition to a pair of stalked compound eye > The thoracic appendages comprises: Three pairs of maxillipeds, the third ones are flattened, covering all the appendages in front > Five pairs of uniramous appendages: % The 1* pair is well developed chelipeds with powerful chelae (for fighting& seizing) * The following 3 pairs are walking legs ( for moving sidewise) % The last pair has flattened segments and act as swimming paddlesThe abdomen is greatly reduced , lacking uropod and tightly flexed beneath the cephalothorax ° The abdominal segments are commonly fused, bearing reduced appendages which are few in number. In the female: the abdomen is broad, consisting of 6 segments and carries 4 pairs of biramous appendages( on segments 2-5) > In the male: the abdomen is narrow and triangular , consisting of 4 segments, the first two of which carry long slender uniramous J appendages WU ASE Joh Sra maxilipedle of crab ‘ola : 1. The first larval stage (Zoaea larva) is similar to that of prawn but with a median dorsal spine 2. The second larval stage (Megalopa larva) with a crab-ike cephalothorax carrying similar appendages and a long unflexed abdomen bearing normal swimmerets a) oe = ee . wn SS et ots cheliped antenna ett RS cphtterat AS ed K gies ie mvp Dorsal pine 1 Joh ¢ tne 2 AS) Jo Bh ai j inlet haut hh oe en Sea abdomen sopendegeh SH = roped Arse sine Bl Megalopa larva of Neprunus ea Ly 5 20 Zonea larva tatPhylum: Arthropoda Subphylum II: Crustacea Class 1: Malacostraca Order: Decapoda Suborder (B): Pleocyemata Infraorder (3): Anomura Family: Paguridae EX. Pagurus Tinctor (Hermit crab)General Characteristics: > Habitat: the sea coast, inside empty gastropod shells > Body regions: * UU Cephalothorax is covered by a reduced carapace, © It bears pairs of appendages similar to those of crab except the following: * the 4% thoracic ones (chelipeds) are asymmetrical, where the left huge ch close the opening of the shell * the last 2 pairs of thoracic appendages are small and chelate O The abdomen: * The non segmented abdomen is fleshy and twisted so as to fit inside the shell. ‘The abdominal appendages are reduced and totally absent on the right side, “© The last pair is hook-like vyhich attaches firmly to the columella of the shell. serves to AS Set onteed AABN Sy pk Satish ia chetaad wean tat St eee? eae ete pl soci ech eneeaae tegemtngs Lan ag says joka Cfgh —— sn soso appendage 7 aan oe hey 7 ragerks ALL lb It PAGURUS TINCTOR