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[52 BOND AND DEVELOPMENT LENGTH
5.9.1. Bond
The term bond refers to the adhesion between concrete and steel which resist the slipping of steel
bar from the concrete. It is this bond which is responsible for transfer to stresses from steel to concrete
and thereby providing composite action of steel and concrete in R.C.C. The bond develops due to
setting of concrete on drying which results in gripping of the steel bars.
The bond resistance in reinforced concrete is obtained by following mechanisms:
1. Chemical adhesion: It is due to gum like property of the substances, formed after setting of
concrete,
2. Frictional resistance: It is due to friction between steel and concrete.
3. Gripping action: It is due to gripping of steel by the concrete on drying.
4. Mechanical Interlock: It is provided by the corrugations or ribs present on the surface of the
deformed bars. Unt tte of Coop: Shear ond Bond Jrs0
‘The bond is assumed to be perfect in the design of reinforced concrete. The bond between steel and
concrete can be increased by the following methods:
18 Using deformed or twisted bar,
1 Using rich mix of concrete.
'= Adequate compaction and curing of conerete for proper setting
12 Providing hooks atthe end ofthe reinforcing buts.
‘The concept of development length and anchorage of the steel reinforcement has replaced the
earlier practice of checking and satisfying the permissible lexural bond stress. I is observed that the
flexural bond stress does not provide an appropriate method of ensuring safety against bond failure.
‘The development length criteria gives a better estimate of the strength in bond. In simply supported
beams, the critical section exists at the point of maximum stress or ata section where bas are curtailed.
In continuous beams, in addition to points of maximum stress and curtailment, points of contraflexure
should also be checked for bond.
There are two types of bond failure:
(a) Anchorage bond failure
(®) Flexural bond failure,
5.9.2. Anchorage Bond (Development Length)
For understanding the concept of bond and
Use of prs in ap spices of bar > 36mm
—
‘Bur welding for sping
SSS
Lapwing ioe bar
Mechaical oor bars > 36 mm
a
{ 1
Fig. 5.16, Lap splicing arrangement.
3. Lap length in flexural tension (including bends, hooks et.)
(30x diameter of bar
di) by
Splices in tension shall be enclosed in spirals made of bars not les than 6 mam in diameter with
pitch not more than 100 mm, the straight length of the lap should not be less than 156 or
200 mm.
4, Lap length in compression
(i) 24 x diameter of bat
(ii) Lyin compression
| seep
] weer ner Unt State of Collapse: Shear ond Bond 147,
5. When bars of two different diameter are tobe spiced, the lap length is based on the basis of
diameter of smaller bar.
6. Lap splicing of bars more than 36 mm in diameter isto be avoided. If needed to be spliced,
these bars should be welded. If welding is not practicable then additonal spirals should be
provided
7. When bundled bars are to be spi
splicing is staggered,
time and the
by lapping, one bar is to be spliced at
‘mp Example 5:12. An R.C.C. beam 250 mm x 500 mm has a clear span of 5.5 m. The beam has 2-20 mm
bars going into the support. Factored shear force is 140 kN. Check for development length if Fe 415 and
(M20 grade of concrete is used.
Solution. Given
4 = 500-20-10= 470 mm {Taking 20 mm clear cover}
1
sm
Ag at suppor = 25220 = 628m
V = 140 N= 140% 10°N
M20 concrete
Fe 415 steel
‘= Moment of resistance (M,) atthe section
215 bea
Aahy
al
= xatsxen8 x01 Snes. }
7 250%470% 20,
M, = 94748108 Nm
1 Check for development length
Mops
Teh ely
08740
Fw
6%1.2= 1.92 Nina from Table $5 {For M20 conerete}
087 15x20
a= geig7 M02 mm
|© Providing 2 90° bend atte centre of support
Anchorage length ly = 89=8%20= 160 mm
mM
94.748 10°
= AB KIO
140 x10
= 8677 Ly
Ms
Fhth ot,
ence, coda requirements are sats.
> Example 5.13. A beam of istoreyed building is reinforced with 20 mm diameter Fe 415
barsin tension sie, Calculate the lap length required. Use M25 concrete. (uPrU 2013)
Solution. Given: M25 concrete
9=20mm
(Lap kegth in flexural tension is greater ofthe following
(9 309=3020= 600mm
@l,
1 = 08th8 [Eases]
uo Sh tysloxis
087341520
© ERTOXLE
1, = 806mm
+ Lap length required = 806 mm
Hace, providing a lap length of 900 mm (including bends and hooks).
‘The splicing can be done as follows
> 2000 nghtongts)
bat
Fig. S17.
