Lozenges Lozenges: The Fusion of Flavor and MedicationWhat are lozenges? Lozenges are flavored, medicated dosage forms of various shapes designed to be sucked and held in the mouth or pharynx. They typically contain one or more medications in a sweetened base. They can be prepared by molding (gelatin and/or fused sucrose and sorbitol base) or by compression of sugar-based tablets. Molded lozenges are sometimes referred to as pastilles, whereas compressed lozenges may be referred to as troches. They are used for patients who cannot swallow solid oral dosage. administer to both pediatric and geriatric patients. © scanned with OKEN ScannerA tale of lozenges James Lofthouse, born in 1842 in Lancaster, England, opened his pharmacy in Fleetwood in 1865. Fleetwood was a growing fishing port, and many fishermen there suffered from bronchial complaints. Seizing the opportunity, James formulated a potent bronchial mixture containing menthol, eucalyptus oil, capsicum, and licorice, which could be dropped onto sugar cubes and sucked. However, glass bottles were not suitable for the rough seas, so he transformed the mixture into solid lozenges. These lozenges, made by combining the same ingredients with sugar and gum and then rolling, cutting, and oven-drying them, became extremely popular among fishermen. They came to his pharmacy asking for "an ounce of friends" or "a bag of fisherman’s lozenges," giving rise to the famous brand name "Fisherman’s Friend." © scanned with OKEN ScannerPros and Cons Easier for patients who have trouble swallowing or issues in gulping. Simple to give to both older adults and children. Prolongs the time of medication in the mouth for al particular impact. Increases medicine's effectiveness. No need for water to take it. Not all drugs work well with aldehyde candy bases like Benzocaine. Risk of the drug draining from the mouth to the stomach with saliva. Children might confuse lozenges with candy. Lozenges require high temperatures for preparation. © scanned with OKEN ScannerAccording to texture and composition Chewy or Compressed caramel based tablet medicated Lozenges lozenges Caramel based medicated lozenges These are solid doses where medicine is incorporated into a caramel base meant to be chewed rather than dissolved in the mouth. These tablets are primarily used for pediatric patients and are an effective way to administer medications for gastrointestinal absorption and essential use. Soft Hard Candy Lozenges Lozenges Compressed tablet lozenges These lozenges differ from traditional tablets in terms of their sensory properties, lack of disintegration, and slower dissolution. They are created with heavy compression equipment to ensure the lozenge dissolves slowly in the mouth and making them suitable for heat- sensitive drugs. © scanned with OKEN ScannerAccording to texture and composition Chewy or Compressed caramel based tablet medicated Lozenges lozenges Soft lozenges Including pastilles, are gaining popularity due to their ease of preparation and suitability for various medications. They are typically composed of a combination of polyethylene glycols, acacia, or similar materials. They are defined by their high sugar content and soft texture, housing medicinal substances. Soft Lozenges Hard Candy Lozenges Hard candy lozenges They consist of sugar and various starches in either an amorphous (nanocrystalline) or smooth state. They can be thought of as solid forms of sugar syrups. Their dissolution should occur slowly and uniformly over 5 to 10 minutes without deterioration. The preparation of hard candy lozenges involves high temperatures, making them unsuitable for heat-sensitive materials. © scanned with OKEN ScannerManufacturing process of lozenges Combine sugar, corn syrup, and water by heating Addition of drug to this candy matrix Addition of polymer, colour flavour etc. Poured into mould of desired-shape and size to forming a‘candy Sealing and wrapping of candy into-polyethylene wrapping © scanned with OKEN ScannerQuality control of lozenges Physical Testing Hardness: Hardness of the lozenges is determined by Pfizer or Monsanto hardness tester. = ent used for the Diameter and thickness: A eRe determination of a of the FriabilityRoche: Friabitstoslsh ‘us! lozenges. = \ Drug Excipients interaction studies: F renee ifeaRed analysis i.e., FTIR is used to study the ee s in rere Chethical testing Drug content: Drug content is done byt taking z an Aiepronnats number of lozenges being crushed and dissolved in a suitable solvent and the absorbance of the solution is measured spectrophotometrically. Moisture Analysis: Gravimetric, Karl Fisher titration and Azeotropic distillation methods are used to determine the moisture content of lozenges. © scanned with OKEN ScannerExamples sirepsle/ a, © © S © scanned with OKEN Scanner