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ML

Machine learning (ML) is a field of artificial intelligence that uses algorithms and models to enable computers to learn from data without being explicitly programmed. ML algorithms are categorized as supervised, unsupervised, or reinforcement learning. Common ML algorithms include linear regression, decision trees, support vector machines, and neural networks. Key aspects of ML involve feature engineering, training/testing models, evaluating performance, tuning hyperparameters, and addressing overfitting or underfitting issues. ML has various applications such as image recognition, natural language processing, and healthcare diagnostics.

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28 views2 pages

ML

Machine learning (ML) is a field of artificial intelligence that uses algorithms and models to enable computers to learn from data without being explicitly programmed. ML algorithms are categorized as supervised, unsupervised, or reinforcement learning. Common ML algorithms include linear regression, decision trees, support vector machines, and neural networks. Key aspects of ML involve feature engineering, training/testing models, evaluating performance, tuning hyperparameters, and addressing overfitting or underfitting issues. ML has various applications such as image recognition, natural language processing, and healthcare diagnostics.

Uploaded by

Yash Garg
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Machine learning (ML) is a field of artificial intelligence (AI) that focuses on the development of

algorithms and models that enable computers to learn and make predictions or decisions without
being explicitly programmed for a particular task. The core idea behind machine learning is to use
data to identify patterns, learn from them, and make predictions or decisions based on that learning.
Here are some key concepts and components related to machine learning:

1. **Types of Machine Learning:**

- **Supervised Learning:** The algorithm is trained on a labeled dataset, where the input data is
paired with corresponding output labels. The goal is to learn a mapping from inputs to outputs.

- **Unsupervised Learning:** The algorithm is given unlabeled data and must find patterns and
structures on its own. Clustering and dimensionality reduction are common tasks in unsupervised
learning.

- **Reinforcement Learning:** The algorithm learns by interacting with an environment and


receiving feedback in the form of rewards or penalties. It aims to learn a policy that maximizes
cumulative rewards over time.

2. **Algorithms:**

- **Linear Regression:** A simple algorithm used for predicting a continuous outcome based on
one or more input features.

- **Decision Trees:** Tree-like models used for both classification and regression tasks. They make
decisions based on features of the input data.

- **Support Vector Machines (SVM):** A supervised learning algorithm used for classification and
regression tasks.

- **Neural Networks:** Complex models inspired by the structure of the human brain, often used
for deep learning tasks.

3. **Feature Engineering:** The process of selecting, transforming, or creating features from the raw
data to improve the performance of machine learning models.

4. **Training and Testing:** Machine learning models are trained on a subset of the data and tested
on another independent subset to assess their performance on unseen data.

5. **Evaluation Metrics:** Metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, and mean squared
error are used to measure the performance of machine learning models.

6. **Hyperparameter Tuning:** Adjusting the hyperparameters of a machine learning algorithm to


optimize its performance.
7. **Cross-Validation:** A technique used to assess how well a model will generalize to an
independent dataset by splitting the data into multiple subsets for training and testing.

8. **Overfitting and Underfitting:** Common issues in machine learning where a model either learns
the training data too well (overfitting) or fails to capture its underlying patterns (underfitting).

9. **Applications:** Machine learning is applied in various domains, including:

- Image and speech recognition

- Natural language processing

- Fraud detection

- Healthcare diagnostics

- Recommender systems

- Autonomous vehicles

Machine learning continues to evolve, and ongoing research and development are expanding its
applications and capabilities. It plays a crucial role in modern AI systems, contributing to
advancements in technology and data-driven decision-making.

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