Differentiation and Integration 1
Lecture 2 Part B
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Types of functions
1. Constant function
It is a function f: R R where f(x) = c x R
and represents a straight line parallel X-axis and cut Y-axis at c.
D(f) = R and R(F) = {c}.
2. Linear function (First degree)
It is a function f: R R where f(x) = ax + b x R
and a 0. It represents a straight line cut the X-axis and
cut Y- axis. D(f) = R and R(F) = R.
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3. Quadratic function
It is a function f: R R where f(x) = ax2 + bx + c x R
and a 0. It represents a parabola with D(f) = R.
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4. Trigonometric functions
4.1 y = f(x) = sin x
D(f) = R
R(f) = [-1, 1]
sin(-x) = - sin x
4.2 y = f(x) = cos x
D(f) = R
R(f) = [-1, 1]
cos(-x) = cos x
4.3 y = f(x) = tan x
D(f) = R-{(n+(1/2)): n Z}
R(f) = R
tan (-x) = - tan x
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4. Trigonometric functions
4.4 y = f(x) = cosec x
= 1 / sin x
cosec (-x) = - cosec x
4.5 y = f(x) = sec x
= 1 / cos x
sec(-x) = sec x
4.6 y = f(x) = cot x
= 1 / tan x
cot (-x) = - cot x
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Some properties of trigonometric functions
1) sin2x + cos2x = 1
2) sin 2x = 2 sin x cos x
3) cos 2x = cos2 x – sin2 x
4) = 2cos2 x – 1
5) = 1 – 2sin2 x
6) sin (x ± y) = sin x cos y ± cos x sin y
7) cos (x ± y) = cos x cos y sin x sin y
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5. The exponential function
y = f(x) = ax where a R+ - {1}
D(f) = R and R(f) = (0, ∞).
6. Logarithmic function
y = f(x) = loga x
where a R+ - {1}
D(f) = (0, ∞) and R(f) = R.
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7. Absolute value function
y =
D(f) = and R(F) = [0, ).
x = -x
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Even function Odd function
The domain is symmetric The domain is symmetric
and f(- x) = f(x) and f(-x) = - f(x)
the graph of an even the graph of an odd
function is symmetric with function is symmetric with
respect to the y-axis respect to the origin
Even function Odd function Neither even nor odd function
f(x) = cos x f(x) = sin x f(x) = ax
f(x) = sec x f(x) = tan x f(x) = Loga x
f(x) = x f(x) = cosec x
f(x) = x2 , x4 , x6 , … f(x) = x , x3 , x5 , … f(x) = x2 + x3
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Example 1 is f(x) = x3− x + 1 Even or Odd or neither?
Let's see what happens when we substitute −x:
f(−x) = (−x)3 − (-x) + 1) = − (x3 − x - 1) ≠ ± f(x) .
So f(−x) ≠ ± f(x) , which makes it is not an odd function, and it
is not an even function either
Example 2 is f(x) = x/(x2−1) Even or Odd or neither?
Let's see what happens when we substitute −x:
f(−x) = (−x)/((−x)2−1) = − x/(x2 − 1) = − f(x) .
So f(−x) = −f(x) , which makes it an Odd Function
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Example 3 is f(x) = x2 + 1 Even or Odd or neither?
Let's see what happens when we substitute −x:
f(−x) = (−x)2 + 1) = − x2 + 1 = f(x) .
So f(−x) = f(x) , which makes it an even Function
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Odd & even functions
2 3 6 1 4 5
6 شكل 5 شكل 4 شكل 3 شكل 2 شكل 1 شكل
N(x) = (1/2)x M(x) = cos x H(x) = 5x K(x) = x G(x) = x3 F(x) = sin x
Odd function Even function
12 شكل 11 شكل 10 شكل 9 شكل 8 شكل 7 شكل
N(x) = log x M(x) = 2cos x H(x) = 5x K(x) = - x G(x) = x2 F(x) = sin 3x
10 9 8 1 11 12
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Name No. Date
6 5 4 3 2 1
N(x) = (1/2)x M(x) = cos x H(x) = 5x K(x) = x G(x) = x3 F(x) = sin x
True No.
Even
Odd
12 11 10 9 8 7
N(x) = log x M(x) = 2cos x H(x) = 5x K(x) = - x G(x) = x2 F(x) = sin 3x
True No.
Even
Odd
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Name No. Date
حدد الشكل الصحيح المناظر لكل داله
5 4 3 2 1
N(x) = (1/2)x M(x) = cos x H(x) = 5x K(x) = x F(x) = sin x
True No.
حدد نوع كل داله من حيث كونها زوجية ام فردية ام خالف ذلك
Even
Odd
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