1.

What is stress

Stress is defined as the intensity of force that acts per unit area.
2. What are the different kinds of stresses.

There are three kinds of stresses - Normal stress, Shear stress, and
Volumetric stress.
Normal stress [σ] - Normal stress occurs when a force acts
perpendicular to the surface area.
F
Normal stress [σ] =
A
Shear stress [τ] - Shear stress occurs when a force acts parallel to the
surface area.
F
Shear stress [τ] =
A
Volumetric stress [σv] - Volumetric stress occurs when a force acts
such that it create in increase volume.

3. What is strain?

Strain is defined as the ratio of change in dimension to the original

dimension.
4. What is Poisson's ratio?

Poisson's ratio [ν] is defined as the ratio of lateral strain to longitudinal

strain.
Formula
εlat
Poisson's ratio [ν] =
εlong
5. What is Young's modulas?

Young's modulus [E] is a measure of stiffness of an object, and is defined

as the ratio of longitudinal stress to strain.
Stress
Young's modulus [E] = [σ]
Strain [ε]
 6. What is Rigidity modulus?

Rigidity modulus [G] is defined as the ratio of shear stress to shear

strain.
Shear stress [τ]
Rigidity modulus [G] =
Shear strain [γ]
7. What is the Bulk modulas?

Bulk modulus [G] is a measure of resistance of a body to external pressure. It

is defined as the ratio of applied pressure to the decrease in volume
(volumetric strain).
Pressure [p]
Bulk modulus [G] =
Volumetric strain [εv]
8. What are different types of beams?

There are six different kinds of beams.

Cantilever beams, Simply supported beams, Overhanging beams, Continous
beams, Fixed ended beams, and Cantilever - simply supported beams

9. What are different kinds of loads that can act on a beam?

The different kinds of loads that can act on beams are - Point load, Uniformly
distributed load [UDL], and Uniformly varying load [UVL]

10. What is Hooke’s Law?

Hooke’s Law states that the strain produced in a material is directly

proportional to its stress within the elastic limit.

11. What is the Modulus of Elasticity?

The Modulus of Elasticity is defined as the ratio of stress to strain within the
elastic limit of a material.
 12. What is the formula for Bending Moment?

The formula for Bending Moment is M = F × d, where M is the bending

moment, F is the force, and d is the perpendicular distance from the
force’s point of application to the beam’s axis.

13. What is the Moment of Inertia?

Moment of Inertia is defined as the resistance of a beam’s cross-section to

bending.

14. What is the formula for the Moment of Inertia of a rectangular

section?
The formula for the Moment of Inertia of a rectangular section is I = (bh^3) /
12, where I is the moment of inertia, b is the breadth of the section, and h is
the height of the section.

15. What is the formula for the Moment of Inertia of a circular section?

The formula for the Moment of Inertia of a circular section is I = πd^4 / 64,
where I is the moment of inertia and d is the diameter of the section.

16. What is the formula for the Moment of Inertia of a triangular section?

The formula for Moment of Inertia of a triangular section is I = (bh^3) / 36,

where I is the moment of inertia, b is the breadth of the section, and h is the
height of the section.

17. What is the difference between Compressive Stress and Tensile Stress?

Compressive stress is a type of stress developed when a material is

compressed, whereas tensile stress is a type of stress developed when a
material is stretched.
 18. What is the difference between Creep and Fatigue?

Creep is the gradual deformation of a material under a constant load over a

long period, whereas Fatigue is the failure of a material due to repeated cyclic
loading.

19. What is the difference between Ultimate Strength and Yield Strength?

Ultimate Strength is the maximum stress a material can withstand

before it fails, whereas Yield Strength is the stress at which a material
begins to undergo plastic deformation.

20. What is the difference between Beams and Columns?

Beams are structural members that are designed to carry bending loads,
whereas Columns are structural members that are designed to carry
compressive loads.

21. What is the difference between Live Load and Dead Load?

Live Load is the load that is temporary and changes frequently, such as
people and vehicles, whereas Dead Load is the load that is permanent
and does not change, such as the weight of the structure itself.

22. What is the difference between Buckling and Bending?

Buckling is the sudden failure of a slender structural member due to

compressive stresses, whereas Bending is the gradual deformation of a
beam due to bending moment.

23. What is the difference between Dynamic Load and Static Load?

Dynamic Load is the load that varies with time, whereas Static Load is
the load that remains constant

24. What is the difference between Stress and Pressure?

 Stress is the internal resistance a material develops to an external force,
whereas Pressure is the force per unit area applied to a surface.

25. What is the difference between Dead Load and Live Load?

Dead Load is the structure’s weight, whereas Live Load is the temporary
and changing load applied to the structure, such as people and vehicles.

26. What is the difference between Working Stress and Allowable Stress?

Working Stress is the stress used to design a structure, whereas

Allowable Stress is the maximum stress a material can withstand without
failure.

27. What is density of steel?

28. What is density of aluminium

2710 Kg/m^3

29. What are the basic properties of fluids?

Following are the basic properties of fluids.

1. Density
2. Temperature
3. Pressure
4. Viscosity
5. Specific Volume
6. Specific Weight
7.Specific Gravity
8. Surface Tensio
30. What are the different ways in which fluid flow is classified?

Fluid flow can be classified in six different ways based on the variation of fluid
properties such as density, velocity etc..
1. Steady and Unsteady flow
2. Uniform and Non-uniform flow
3. Laminar and Turbulent flow
4. Compressible and Incompressible flow
5. Rotational and Irrotational flow
6. One, Two and Three dimensional flow
31. What are the different type of forces that act on moving fluids?

Following are the different types of forces that act on moving fluids.
Inertia force
Viscous force
Gravity force
Pressure force
Surface tension force
Elastic force
32. What is fluid mechanics?

A: Fluid mechanics is the study of fluids, which includes liquids, gases, and
plasmas. It deals with the behaviour of fluids when they are in motion or at
rest, and the forces and energy associated with the motion of fluids.

33. What are the types of fluids?

A: There are three types of fluids: liquids, gases, and plasmas.

34. What is the difference between a liquid and a gas?

A: Liquids have a definite volume but no definite shape, while gases have
neither a definite volume nor a definite shape.

35. What is viscosity?

A: Viscosity is a fluid property that describes the resistance of a fluid to flow. It

is a measure of the internal friction within the fluid
 36. What is the difference between laminar and turbulent flow?

A: Laminar flow is a smooth, orderly flow pattern in which the fluid flows in
layers, while turbulent flow is characterized by irregular, chaotic flow patterns.

37. What is cavitation?

A: Cavitation is the formation of vapor bubbles in a fluid when the pressure

drops below the vapor pressure of the fluid. It can cause damage to pumps and
other fluid-handling equipment.

38. What is factor of safety

39. Explain the different types views used in the engineering drawings
40. What is scale factor and define it

41. Define the term ‘Force’

It is an agent which produces or tends to produce, destroy or tends to destroy the

motion of the body

42. What do you mean by Centre of Gravity (CG)?

The point through which the whole mass of the body acts irrespective of the position of the body is
called as CG
43. Define the term ‘Friction’
A force acting in the opposite direction to the motion of the body is called friction force
44. What are the types of friction?
Static friction: Friction experienced by a body, when it is under rest
Dynamic friction: Friction experienced by a body, when it is in motion
45. How do you calculate moment of Inertia?
M = Mass X Velocity
46. What is meant by Energy?
Energy is the capacity to do work, expressed in J or calories
47. Define the term density?
Density is the mass per unit volume of a liquid at standard pressure & temperature. It is
expressed in kg/m3.
48. The Unit of Force in S.I. unit

Newtons

49. Unit of Work or Energy in SI unit

Joule
50. What is Archimedes principle
body immersed in a fluid is subjected to an upwards force equal to the weight of the
displaced fluid