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2. NOTE-TAKING SKILL Separating risks and outcomes

using a chart
Move each statement into the correct category.

This is risky because it might not lead to a job.

I take the risk because it may lead to a better career.
One possible risk is I won't like my new career path.
One danger is going back to school might be too much work.
It threatens my financial security.
Going back to school outweighs the risk of not trying it.
I want to challenge myself.
I hope to really enjoy my new classes.

Risks Desired outcomes

3. LISTENING SKILL Listening for different kinds of

numbers
Listen to the sentences from a lecture about a man named James Holman. Then
choose the correct answer.

1. This one is about a man named James Holman who lived in Britain from
________.

o 1768 to 1836
o 1786 to 1857

2. He spent _____ years with the Navy, mostly on ships in the cold ocean
near Canada.

o 12
o 20

3. And by the time he was _____ years old, he was completely blind.

o 25
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o 29

4. He first tried to do this by going to Russia and then going east for _____
miles across the land.

o 3,500
o 300

5. By the time he was _____ years old, he had achieved his dream of going
around the world.

o 56
o 46

6. James Holman lived to be 76 years old and traveled about ______ miles.

o 250,000
o 25,000

4. CRITICAL THINKING VIDEO Evaluate the strength

and relevance of evidence
Watch the Critical Thinking Video. Then choose the best answer for each
question.

1. According to the video, what is one good way to evaluate the strength of
an argument?

o Decide if it makes a point relevant to your life.

o Decide if it is said in a strong voice.
o Decide if it has strong evidence.

2. When we evaluate evidence, we look at . . .

o only its strength.

o both its strength and relevance.
o only its relevance.

3. Which phrase shows stronger evidence?

o Research scientists at Tokyo University observed that . . .

o I heard that someone in my neighborhood saw . . .

4. Why would this statement most likely be considered weak?

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"My friend told me the car you bought was not safe."

o The friend did not conduct research on the car.

o The friend is not trustworthy.
o The friend did not cite a strong source for the opinion.

5. Which statement would most likely NOT be considered relevant

evidence on this topic:
"The Dangers of Extreme Sports."

o Extreme sports cause hundreds of deaths every year.

o Extreme sports are really fun to do in winter.
o Extreme sports are ten times more likely to cause injury than
non-extreme sports.

6. Which statement would most likely be considered strong evidence on

this topic:
"The Dangers of Extreme Sports."

o A recent study showed that extreme sports players are 100

times more likely to become injured than players of
traditional sports.
o My friend told me that extreme sports players are 100 times
more likely to become injured than players of traditional
sports.

7. Which statement would most likely be considered relevant evidence on

this topic:
"The Benefits of Becoming a Pilot."

o Becoming an airline pilot is very competitive and difficult.

o Airline pilots have to spend a lot of time away from their
families.
o International airline pilots are always traveling to different
areas of the world.

8. Which statement would most likely be considered strong evidence on

this topic:
"The Benefits of Becoming a Pilot."

o My friend, who is a pilot for a large airline company, told me

that she and her co-workers really like their jobs.
o My friend told me that if he were a pilot, he would love his
job.
o Studies show that using airlines is thousands of times safer
than traveling in a car.
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5. VOCABULARY 1 PRONUNCIATION
Listen to each word. Record each word. Then listen and practice your
pronunciation.

1.cycle

2.decline

3.development

4.encourage

5.explore

6.financial

7.growth

8.judgment

9.survival

10.tendency

6. VOCABULARY 2 PRACTICE
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Match each word with the correct definition. You do not need to use all the
words.

decline development explore financial cycle

judgment tendency survival encourage

1. to travel around a place to learn about it

2. connected with money
3. to give support to someone or something
4. something that a person or thing usually does
5. to become smaller or weaker
6. the ability to make good decisions
7. the process of becoming bigger, stronger, or better
8. the state of continuing to live or exist

7. LISTENING COMPREHENSION The blind traveler

Listen to the lecture. Then choose the correct word or phrase to complete each
sentence.

1. James Holman lived _____ years ago.

o 500
o 100
o 200

2. He traveled mostly ____.

o by railroad and by ship

o on foot and by horse-drawn cart
o on foot and by railroad

3. He usually traveled ____.

o with the Navy

o with friends
o alone

4. When Holman was a boy, he ____.

o was blind
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o had perfect vision

o was unhealthy

5. The Navy sent Holman home because he ____.

o wanted to travel
o was blind
o was in pain and couldn't walk well

6. Holman went to school to study ____.

o medicine
o writing
o other cultures

7. At first, he traveled ____.

o around Europe
o around the world
o to Russia

8. He earned money by ____.

o writing about his travels

o going around the world
o treating patients

8. VOCABULARY 2 PRONUNCIATION
Listen to each word. Record each word. Then listen and practice your
pronunciation.

1.discover

2.invention

3.investigate

4.locate
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5.mystery

6.previous

7.prove

8.reputation

9.retire

10.solve

9. VOCABULARY 2 PRACTICE
Choose the correct words to complete the paragraph.

Something very strange happened at our house last weekend, and some of the details are still
a model / reputation / mystery . We went out to dinner to celebrate, because my dad has just
invented / investigated / retired . When we came home, we discovered / retired / exposedthat
our back door was wide open. At first, it didn't look like anything in the house was missing.
However, my father couldn't threaten / locate / prove his expensive new watch. So we called
the police. They arrived quickly and immediately began to investigate / discover / locate
what might have happened. Then they actually found the watch in the backyard! But then, my
father noticed that his work room was open. My father is a scientist and he has a new
location / mystery / invention , which is a machine that delivers medicine. He has a very
good mystery / credit / reputation in his field. The police think that his new machine was the
reason for the break-in, but they can't invent / prove / threaten anything yet. Here's another
interesting fact – the retired / previous / financial owner of our house also had a break-in.
And, the police never solved / located / exposed it.

10. VOCABULARY SKILL Word families

Move each word into the correct category.

prove solve threaten solution exposure threat

detective create creation proof detect expose

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Nouns Verbs

11. GRAMMAR Past perfect

Reorder each set of words to make a sentence in the past perfect.

about the accident until I hadn't known I heard the news

1. _________ _________ _________ _________ .

to Beijing before my brother he went had studied Chinese

2. _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ .

before our house we bought we had saved enough money

3. _________ _________ _________ _________ .

had stopped for directions twice by the time they finally found they

the right address

4. _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ .

on vacation by the time I got your email you had gone

5. _________ _________ _________ .

eaten when I he called had already

6. _________ _________ _________ _________ .

12. GRAMMAR EXPANSION Past perfect continiuous

Read about the past perfect continuous. Then complete the sentences with the
past perfect continuous form of the verb in parentheses.

Past perfect continuous

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Use the past perfect continuous for the first of two past events. The past perfect continuous
emphasizes that the first event was ongoing and continued up to or just before the second
event.

The past perfect continuous is formed with had been + verb + -ing. It is the same for all
subjects.

He had been sleeping for ten hours before he heard his alarm.
(first and ongoing event) (second event)

I had been talking on the phone when the doorbell rang.

(first and ongoing event) (second event)

For and since show how long a situation lasted before the second past event.

They had been waiting for two hours when the bus finally arrived.
(first and ongoing event) (second event)

Certain verbs (live, wait, work) can be used in the past perfect or past perfect continuous with
little change in meaning. Past perfect continuous can show a more emotional situation.

I had worked all day. (past perfect)

I had been working all day! (past perfect continuous)

1. We _________ (live) in Mexico for five years when I met Maria.

2. Luis _________ (cook) before I arrived.
3. I _________ (wait) in line for three hours! I was very upset.
4. Tien _________ (work) at the restaurant since 8 a.m. when she cut her finger.
5. By the time I picked my daughter up from school, I _________ (drive) around town for
three hours.
6. I _________ (walk) for ten minutes before I realized I was lost.
7. We _________ (study) for three hours when we finally decided to take a break.
8. It _________ (rain) for three days by the time it stopped.
9. My mother _________ (get) ill for a while before we knew why.
10. Unemployment _________ (increase) for several years before the economy started to
improve.

13. PRONUNCIATION Contraction of had

Listen to the sentences. Move each sentence to match what you hear.

I'd let him borrow the car. He'd already boarded the boat.

We haven't found the key yet. I let him borrow the car.

Has she given you directions? We hadn't found the key yet.
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Had she given you directions? He's already boarded the boat.

14. SPEAKING SKILL Giving a short presentation

Match the first part of the sentence with the second part of the sentence. The
sentences form a short presentation.

was to learn more about English culture.

so that I can practice speaking with native speakers.
by the time I moved to England.
about my experience learning English.
so I really enjoy my English classes.
I needed to learn more about the people.
I watch TV shows and listen to the radio.

1. I'm going to talk

2. First, the reason I came to this college
3. You see, I'd already studied English for
three years
4. But in order to fit in and get a job,
5. While here, I have made some English
friends
6. And in order to develop my listening
skills,
7. I've always liked learning languages,
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15. ALTERNATE UNIT ASSIGNMENT Talk about a risk

you want to take
Read and listen to the assignment. Then speak for one minute about the topic.
Record and listen to your response.
Talk about a risk you want to take. How will your life change if you take this
risk? Explain your answer.

17. TRACK YOUR SUCCESS Vocabulary review

Here are some words you learned in this unit. Are the words nouns, verbs, or
adjectives? Move each word in the correct category.
invention retire growth explore financial discover

investigate reputation solve mystery tendency

encourage previous survival

Nouns Verbs Adjectives