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Microwave based approach for Wireless Power Transmission
Article · June 2021
DOI: 10.37591/JoMET
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ISSN: 2349-9001
Journal of Volume 8, Issue 1, 2021
Microwave Engineering & Technologies DOI (Journal): 10.37591/JoMET
STM JOURNALS
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Review JoMET
Microwave based Approach for Wireless Power
Transmission
Varun Yogi S., Vinay N.*
Abstract
Today's fast-paced world is characterized by advances in every region, one among that is wireless
charging, and gaining applications in the various files. Wireless charging is an innovative technology
of transmitting power with an air gap, energy recharging as the end goal. The recent advancement in
wireless charging practice, as well as the enhancement of business products, have offered it as a
promising alternative for addressing the energy bottleneck of historical method in charging battery
controlled gradates. So, this study concentrates on methodology of implementing microwave based
wireless charging in the various applications. The wireless charging method have emerged as a result
of advancement in power transmission that are more effective and less time consuming for mobile
phone and electrical vehicle charging, explained in this study.
Keywords: Energy recharging, microwave, sensors, vehicle charging, wireless charging
INTRODUCTION
In order to provide optimal solution to conductive chargers keeping safety as a prime concern,
Wireless charging systems are utilized [1]. Due to the evolution of this technology, it has resulted in
many field applications such as microtechnology [2–7], medical applications [8, 9], batteries [10, 11],
automobile [12–15], satellites [16–19] and other electronics [20–25]. These systems ensures effective
charging without having lot of human involvement. Charging the batteries be it with respect to a
smallest electronic equipment or an Electric Vehicle (EV) it’s been a challenging task when it comes
as wireless means. In the busy lifestyle wired medium of charging the batteries is becoming outdated
as well as the cables used for charging the batteries are more hazardous due to the necessity and
involvement of high voltage. Microwave being the effective communication media can be used in
wireless charging by the method of transfer of power. The wireless charging holds a best efficiency
when it is done in microwave environment [25]. The effectiveness is maintained with the help of
capacitances which are parasitic in nature and are designed among the chassis of the vehicle [25]. An
experimental proof is given which states that if one out of two coils are not tuned according to the
resonance value then a deep decrease in load occurs. It is also observed that the power transfer is not
reduced if human, wood or other obstacle comes in between the coils [27].
STUDY
*Author for Correspondence
Vinay N. Today's fast moving world leading with the
E-mail: [email protected] advancements in every field. Our world has
become inseparable with the usage of cell phones
1-2,Student, Department of Electronics and Communication
Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, CMR [28]. But, the mammoth task with these mobiles is
University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India charging. It is very difficult to charge our mobiles
Received Date: March 19, 2021
when there is no power outlet. In this paper the
Accepted Date: April, 20, 2021 authors have presented a system which consist of a:
Published Date: April, 29,2021
Citation: Varun Yogi S., Vinay N. Microwave based Microwave Transmitter
approach for Wireless Power Transmission. Journal of The Microwave Transmitter generates 2.4 GHz
Microwave Engineering & Technologies. 2021; 8(1): 1–5p. microwave signals which is then amplified using a
© STM Journals 2021. All Rights Reserved 1
Microwave based Approach for Wireless Power Transmission Varun and Vinay
power amplifier and then filtered and is matched at matching network and finally transmitted via an
antenna.
Microwave Receiver
The receiver is in a mesh form comprising of a sensor and a rectenna, here the sensor senses
whether the phone is receiving the signal or not. The other part of the receiver is rectifier and an
antenna which is combined together and called as the rectenna which converts the input microwave
energy to DC power. Rectennas are powerful and are constructed using schottky diodes which
exhibits great rectification efficiency of 90%.
Sensor Circuit
The circuit which senses whether the mobile is receiving the signal or not is a simple circuit known
as the sensor circuit. As far as the mobile is receiving the signal, the charging takes place. Hence a
simple frequency to voltage converter can be deployed which acts as switch to trigger to turn ON or
OFF the rectenna within a specified range.
A compact Cassegrain transmitting antenna (CTA) is designed [29]. A more uniform and
centralised field zone is created with 2 m by 2 m dimension with 1.5 m antenna aperture which has a
transmission efficiency greater than 80%. A more optimised and measure Ku Band rectifier circuit is
made which shows that the process rectification produces 40% efficiently at 12.75 GHz of operating
frequency. The initial RF-DC conversion efficiency of 4% is gained at a distance of 60 m. The system
design comprises of:
Cassegrain Antenna
The CTA configuration designed for microwave wireless power transmission system consist of a
rotational symmetric parabolic main-reflector, the feed horn and the hyperbolical subreflector and also
operates at the designed frequency (f= 12:75 GHz) [30]. When the geometric traits of parabola and
hyperbolas are concerned, the microwave beams that originates from the feed horn are reflected by a
subreflector, and then reflected by the main reflector [29], and final the Cassegrain antenna aperture
receives all the microwave signals.
Array of Rectenna
An array of sequentially printed rectangular patches which is printed on above of a substrate of
dielectric type which is a single layer one [31, 32]. It exhibits 2.2 of relative permittivity with a
thickness of 10 mm. The resonation at particular frequency is controlled by patches which are
rectangular and at the center of the patch, the feed is placed. The patch is fed by microstrip lines, and
these lines inset at the edge of the patch. To match the patch impedance, the element is chosen based
on the inset amount with that feed line [33, 34].
Rectifier Design
The incoming RF signal in the form of microwave is received by the rectenna, then using diode-
based rectifying is carried out. The rectifier stage generally consists of the rectifying diode, various
types of filters, DC filtering networks, and the final load [35, 36]. A zero-bias Schottky diode
MA4E1317 rectifying diode is adopted for rectification purpose.
APPLICATIONS
The charging in vehicles without wires is one of the emerging application of wireless power
transmission (WPT). Inductive coupling is one of the techniques. The other techniques such as
resonant coupling are also used in WPT. The resonant coupling WPT type of techniques are having
lot of focus in electric vehicles [37, 38]. Microwave Wireless Power Transfer (MWPT) can also be
applied to wirelessly charge the vehicle. A microwave transmission can charge the vehicle battery
with a theoretical and practical beam efficiency of 83.7% and 76.0%, respectively [39].
© STM Journals 2021. All Rights Reserved 2
Journal of Microwave Engineering & Technologies
Volume 8, Issue 1
ISSN: 2349-9001
Transferring power wirelessly using microwave to charge mobile phones is coming into existence
in the past years. Modern day [40] mobile phones can be charged using the ambient mobile
communication signals which 900 MHz for GSM in India or by designing a microwave transmitter
with an efficient antenna to transmit the signals. There must be a receiver embedded in the mobile
phone to catch these signals and convert them to DC power with good efficiency. Here, a rectenna can
also be deployed for the RF to DC conversion where schottky diodes can be used due to their high
rectification efficiency and some filtering circuits, the power can be recovered from the signal
captured at the antenna.
CONCLUSION
In this paper, we have studied from various research papers about the wireless charging using
microwaves and their working, various works or researches that is being undergone and their
applications. It has been demonstrated that electric energy can the transmitted without any physical
wire links, with high efficiency. The MWTP technique discussed can be effectively used for electrical
vehicle charging. Electrical vehicle batteries can be charged with microwave technology, showing
83.7% and 76.0% of theoretical and experimental beam efficiency, respectively. The future of mobile
phone charging is with the ambient mobile communication signals.
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Journal of Microwave Engineering & Technologies
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