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photoelectric e ect made by-chinmay jagadev pattanayak

CHI N MAY JAGADEV
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D ec 31, 2015 • 54 likes • 83,568 views

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invest ig at ory project on phot oelect ric e ect f or class-12

made by- chinmay jag adev pat t anayak

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phot oe le ct ric e e ct made by-chinmay jagade v pat t anayak

1. PHYSICS PROJECT ON Photoelectric E ect 2015-16

2. MADE BY:- Chinmay Jagadev Pattanayak AISSCE RO LL NO - GUIDED BY-
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3. MR B.R. BEHERA (PGT PHYSICS)
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4. Certificate This is to identifiers, unique device identifiers, and
c e rtif y that Mas te r CHINMAY JAGADEV PAT TANAYAK be aring RollNo.__________ of c las s XII-s c ie nc e , JAWAHAR NAVO DAYA VIDYA 0LAYA, SARANG, DHENKANAL (O DISHA) has s uc c e s s f ully c omp le te d the proje c t on the topic “PHO T O ELECT RIC

EFFECT ” unde r the g uidanc e of Mr.B.R. Be he ra (P.G.T.Phys ic s ). T his proje c t c an be approve d as a part of C.B.S.E in the s e s s ion 2015-2016. Sig n. O f s tude nt browser information. Third parties may store
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6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I wishtoexpressmydeepsense of or withdraw your preferences
g ratitude to the mwhos e e nc ourag e me nt and c oope ration has be e nas ourc e of ins piration.It’s anhonor to thank our princ ipal Mr.N.C. Kar, Jawahar NavodayaVidyalaya,Sarang by clicking
,andDhe nkanalf on
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the opportunity to make this proje c t and le arn throug h it. I would like to thank Mr.B.R. Be he ra (PGT Phys ic s ) f or providing us the rig ht dire c tion and f or he r c oope rationandhe lpins uc c e s s f ul c omple tion of our proje c t.
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8. CONTENTS: 1. Photoelectric E ect 2. orEins
Expe rime ntal Se t-up to s tudy Photoe le c tric E e c t 3. Laws of Photoe le c tric E e c t 4. Eins te in’s Photoe le c tric Equation 5. Ve rif ic ation of Laws of Photoe le c tric E e c t bas e d on personalized content.
te in’s Photoe le c tric Equation 6. Applic ation

of Photoe le c tric E e ct
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10. Photoelectric E ect: The phe nome non of e mis s ion of e le c trons f rom mainly me tal s urf ac e s e xpos e d to lig ht e ne rg y (X – rays , γ to:
– rays , UV rays , vis ible lig ht and e ve n Inf ra Re d rays ) of s uitable f re que nc y is known as photoe le c tric e e c t. T he e le c trons

e mitte d by this e e c t are c alle d photoe le c trons . T he c urre nt c ons titute d by photoe le c trons is known as photoe le c tric c urre nt. Non me tals als o s how photoe le c tric e Measure the audience
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e ne rg y ne e de d f or an e le c tron to be e mitte d. ► T his is known as the work f unc tion, W. ► So, f or an e le c tron to be e mitte d, the e ne rg y of the photon, hf, mus t be g re ate r than the work f unc tion, W. ► T he e xc e s s e ne rg y is the kine tic e ne rg y, E of the e mitte d
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s tudy Photoe le c tric E e c t: Glas s trans mits only vis ible and inf ra-re d lig hts but not UV lig ht. Q uartz trans mits UV lig ht. Whe n lig ht of s uitable f re que nc y f alls on the me tallic c athode , photoe le c trons are e mitte d. T he s e photoe le c trons
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are attrac te d towards the +ve anode and he nc e photoe le c tric c urre nt is c ons titute d. C – Me tallic c athode A – Me tallic Anode W – Q uartz Window - Photoe le c tron
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12. 1) E ect of Inte ns ity of Inc ide nt Lig ht on Photoe le c tric Curre nt: For a f ixe d f re que nc y, the photoe le c tric c urre nt inc re as e s line arly with inc re as e in inte ns ity of inc ide nt lig ht. 2) E e c t of Pote ntial on Photoe le c tricor platforms
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inc ide nt lig ht, the photoe le c tric c urre nt inc re as e s with inc re as e in +ve pote ntial applie d to the anode . ฀ Whe n all the photoe le c trons re ac h the plate A, c urre nt be c ome s maximum and is known as s aturation c urre nt. ฀ Photoe le c trons manag e to re ac h the plate on
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the ir own due or c ut-o of inc ide nt lig ht doe s not a e c t the s topping pote ntial ฀ Whe n the pote ntial is de c re as e d, the c urre nt de c re as e s but doe s not be c ome z e ro at z e ro pote ntial. Storage Preferences
13. ฀ When –ve potential is applie d to the plate A w.r.t. C, photoe le c tric c urre nt be c ome s z e ro at a partic ular value of –ve pote ntial c alle d s topping pote ntial. 3) E
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e c t of Fre que nc y of Inc ide nt Lig ht on Photoe le c tric c urre nt:- For a f ixe d inte ns ity of inc ide nt lig ht,

the photoe le c tric c urre nt doe s not de pe nd on the f re que nc y of the inc ide nt lig ht. Be c aus e the photoe le c tric c urre nt s imply de pe nds on the numbe r of photoe le c trons e mitte d and in turn on the numbe r of photons inc ide nt and not on the e ne rg y of photons . 4)
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E e c t of Fre que nc y of Inc ide nt Lig ht on Stopping Pote ntial: ฀ For a f ixe d inte ns ity of inc ide nt lig ht, the photoe le c tric c urre nt inc re as e s and is s aturate d with inc re as e in +ve pote ntial applie d to the anode .
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14. ฀ However, the saturation c urre nt is s ame f or di e re nt f re que nc ie s of the inc ide nt lig hts . ฀ Whe n pote ntial is de c re as e d and take n be low z e ro, photoe le c tric c urre nt de c re as e s to z e ro but at di e re nt s topping pote ntials f or di e re nt f re que nc ie s . ฀ Hig he r
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the f re que nc y, hig he r the s topping pote ntial i.e . VS αν . 5) T hre s hold Fre que nc y: T he g raph be twe e n s topping pote ntial and f re que nc y doe s not pas s throug h the orig in. It s hows that the re is a minimum value of f re que nc y c alle d thre s hold f re que nc y be low whic h

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photoe le c tric e mis s ion is not pos s ible howe ve r hig h the inte ns ity of inc ide nt lig ht may be . It de pe nds on the nature of the me tal e mitting

15. photoelectrons. Laws of Photoelectric Emis s ion:- For a g ive n s ubs tanc e , the re is a minimum value of f re que nc y of inc ide nt lig ht c alle d thre s hold f re que nc y be low whic h no photoe le c tric e mis s ion is pos s ible , hows oe ve r, the inte ns ity of inc ide nt lig ht may

be . T he numbe r of photoe le c trons e mitte d pe r s e c ond (i.e . photoe le c tric c urre nt) is dire c tly proportional to the inte ns ity of inc ide nt lig ht provide d the f re que nc y is above the thre s hold f re que nc y. T he maximum kine tic e ne rg y of the photoe le c trons is dire c tly Save Accept All
proportional to the f re que nc y provide d the f re que nc y is above the thre s hold f re que nc y. T he maximum kine tic e ne rg y of the photoe le c trons is inde pe nde nt of the inte ns ity of the inc ide nt lig ht. T he proc e s s of photoe le c tric e mis s ion is ins tantane ous . i.e . as s oon

as the photon of s uitable f re que nc y f alls on the s ubs tanc e , it e mits photoe le c trons . T he photoe le c tric e mis s ion is one -to-one . i.e . f or e ve ry photon of s uitable f re que nc y one e le c tron is e mitte d.

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16. Einstein’s Photoelectric Equation:- ฀When a photon of e ne rg y h ν f alls on a me tal s urf ac e , the e ne rg y of the photon is abs orbe d by the e le c tron and is us e d in two ways : 1. A part of e ne rg y is us e d to ove rc ome the s urf ac e barrie r and c ome out of the

me tal s urf ac e . T his part of the e ne rg y is c alle d ‘work f unc tion’( Ф = h ν 0). 2. T he re maining part of the e ne rg y is us e d in g iving a ve loc ity ‘v’ to the e mitte d photoe le c tron. T his is e qual to the maximum kine tic e ne rg y of the photoe le c trons ( ½ mv2max ) whe re ‘m’ is

mas s of the photoe le c tron. Ac c ording to law of c ons e rvation of e ne rg y, h ν = Ф + ½ mv2max = h ν 0 + ½ mv ½ mv2max = h ( ν ν
- 0) VERIFICAT IO N O F LAWS O F PHO T O ELECT RIC EMISSIO N BASED O N EINST EIN’S PHO T O ELECT RIC EQ UAT IO N: ½ mv2max = h ( ν ν
- 0) I) If ν <
ν 0, the n ½ mv2max is ne g ative , whic h is not pos s ible . T he re f ore , f or Photoe le c tric e mis s ion to take plac e ν ν
> 0. ii) Sinc e one photon e mits one e le c tron, s o the numbe r photoe le c trons e mitte d pe r s e c ond is dire c tly proportional

17. t o t he int e ns it y of inc ide nt lig ht. iii) It is c le ar that ½ mv2max αν as h and ν 0 are c ons tant. T his s hows that K.E. of the photoe le c trons is dire c tly proportional to the f re que nc y of the inc ide nt lig ht. iv) Photoe le c tric e mis s ion is due to c ollis ion be twe e n a photon

and an e le c tron. As s uc h the re c annot be any s ig nif ic ant time lag be twe e n the inc ide nc e of photon and e mis s ion of photoe le c tron. i.e . the proc e s s is ins tantane ous . It is f ound that de lay is only 10-8 s e c onds . Applic ation of Photoe le c tric E e c t:- 1. Automatic f ire

alarm 2. Automatic burg lar alarm 3. Sc anne rs in Te le vis ion trans mis s ion 4. Re produc tion of s ound in c ine ma f ilm 5. In pape r indus try to me as ure the thic kne s s of pape r 6. To loc ate f laws or hole s in the f inis he d g oods 7. In as tronomy 8. To de te rmine opac ity of

s olids and liquids 9. Automatic s witc hing of s tre e t lig hts 10. To c ontrol the te mpe rature of f urnac e

18. 11. Light me t e rs us e d in c ine ma indus try to c he c k the lig ht

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