PSYCHOLOGiCAL
ASSESSMENT NOTES
PSYCHOLOGiCAL ASSESSMENT
N
Definition Psychological Testing
the gathering and integration of psychology-related the process of measuring psychology-related
data for the purpose of making a psychological variables by means of devices or procedures
evaluation that is accomplished through the use of tools designed to obtain a sample of behavior.
such as tests, interviews, case studies, behavioral
observation, and specially designed apparatuses and What is a test?
measurement procedures. measurement device or technique used to quantify
Example :
behavior or aid in the understanding and prediction of
busto ni
client
anong appropriate malaman behavior
sa
- Kanya Dahil career
dyan
Kung
para ↳ objective standardized measure
and
use
.
interest we
test and
I or·Ea of a sample of behavior
examineWhat is the pet
it
↳ a PORTION
E
zu
Assessment vs. Testing
Assessment Testing
~↑ to measure
referral to answer a question, solve a to obtain some gauge, usually numerical in nature,
Objective
question problem, or arrive at a decision with regard to an ability or attribute Le g personality intelligence
. .
, ,
emotions , attitudes)
Individualized Process Individualized or grouped
Key in the choice of tests Role of evaluator May be substituted
Educated selection of tools of evaluation, Technician-like skills in terms of
Skills of evaluator
skill in evaluation, and thought the standardization of the test
organization and integration of data
Logical problem solving approach that brings Outcome
Yields a test score or series of test scores.
to bear many sources of data designed to
shed light to the referral question.
Psychometrics Psychometric soundness
the science of psychological measurement refers to how consistently (i.e., reliability) and
how accurately (i.e., validity) a test measures
Psychometrician - professional who uses, what it purports to measure.
analyzes, and interprets psychological
test data also , don't forget about norming
and standardization
Application of Psych Assessment
>Educational -Military
>Clinical
>Employment Psychologists vs. Psychometricians
toRit 002 o e
"
according ps
* RPsy (passed licensure exams for psychologists) * RPm (passed licensure exams for psychometricians)
* Require at least an MA/MS in Psychology * Can be obtained by a BS/AB in Psychology
* Individual and Group Tests graduate
* Up to Level C Tests (projectives, diagnostic tests) * Group Tests only
* Performs psychological services (intervention, * Up to Level B Tests (personality inventories)
assessment, and program dev.) * Limited to test administration, scoring and
* Supervises the psychometrician D final
Signatee interpretation of Level B tests. xTesting and interpretation
Level of tests according to test-user qualification
Level A Level B Level C
non-psych
iP Kayang ineed
More
professional
Test or aids that can adequately be administered, Test or aids that require some technical knowledge of test Tests and aids that require substantial
scored, and interpreted with the aid of the manual construction and use of supporting psychological and educational understanding of testing and supporting psychological
and a general orientation to the kind of institution or fields such as statistics, individual differences, psychology of fields together with supervised experience in the use
organization in which one is working adjustment, personnel psychology, and guidance of these devices
Achievement or proficiency tests Aptitude, personality tests, etc. Projective, individual mental tests
*
Rom Rpsn Teachers
, ,
,
*
Psychometricians ,
*
Psychologists only
other professionals Psychologists only
Type of tests according to type of behavior measured
maximal performance tests
Ability Test (contains items that can be scored in terms of speed, accuracy, or both)
o
Achievement designed to measure level of knowledge, skill, or accomplishment in a particular area
↳ previous learning (e g periodical exams) ; usually
.
., in school setting
s Aptitude designed to measure capability to benefit from education or training
↓ potential entrance exams)
for
learning (e g . .,
... Intelligence general potential to solve problems, adapt to changing circumstances, think abstractly, and profit from experience
↳ e g IQ tests
.
.,
typical response tests
self-report
Personality Test (related to the overt and covert dispositions of an individual)
projective
Two Classification of Assessment Psychology
High stakes assessment Low stakes assessment
E makes a critical decision, such as diagnostics or involve test-takers obtaining information for 3
school placement self-interest
↳ with important consequences to
↳ little to no
impact on the test-taker
Ce g interest tests)
.
the test-taker
:
Ge g periodical eae)
.
.
Other Sources of Data for Psychological Assessment
* Methods :
face to face ,
Interview gathering information through direct communication involving reciprocal exchange telephone , online e-mail , ,
· life record data text , sign language
Types panel Interview
:
,
motivational interview ,
Portfolio tool of evaluation consisting of samples of one's ability and accomplishment structured semi-structural
unstructured
,
· secondary data
records, transcripts, and other accounts in written, pictorial, or other form that preserve archival information, official
Case History
·
life record data and informal accounts, and other data and items relevant to an assessee
Behavioral
Observation
monitoring the actions of others or oneself by visual or electronic means while recording quantitative and/or qualitative
information regarding those actions
Who are the Parties in the Assessment Enterprise?
of
Test authors and developers They conceive, prepare, and develop tests. -↳ creator
Test publishers They publish, market, and sell tests, thus controlling their distribution
ch'canssts
·
Test users Professionals who utilize psychological tests for a specific purpose human
psycholog
-
resource
personnel ete
,
Test takers They take the test by choice or necessity
-our society changes
Society Helps determine what needs to be measured Example The COVID-19 Pandemic
:
↳ we develop tests in
accordance
to society's needs
Educational Counseling
Geriatric
Business & Military
Assessment Settings
Clinical
Academic Research
Governmental and
organizational credentialing
Data Privacy Act of 2012 (RA10173)
Rights of Test-takers
must beWritte for a To protect the fundamental human right to privacy,
The right of informed consent
3 The right to be informed of test findings
of communication while ensuring free flow of
information to promote innovation and growth.
law in Philippines
#I wes
a
right to know why they are being evaluated, how They are also entitled to know what recommendations
the test data will be used, and what (if any) are being made as a consequence of the test data.
information will be released to whom. Right to wihdraw
The professional may ethically break confidentiality "moron ,
,
retarded" etc
The test taker has the right to
Don't use words such as .
potential danger/harm withdraw from his participation anytime
,
WHEN there is to self and others
*
The right to privacy and confidentiality
*
The right to the least stigmatizing label
Example
:
he felt uncomfortable]
Privilege in the psychologist–client relationship Autism - person with autism
belongs to the client, not the psychologist. Schizophrenia - person suffering from schizophrenia
* the right of the test-taker to disclose his information
*
the duty of the professional to secure and protect
the information to him by the assessee .
SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES
AMONG PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS
Similarities Differences
* All psychological tests require an individual
to perform a behavior. sample
-
a of behavior *The behavior they require the test
* The behavior performed is used to measure taker to perform.
some personal attribute, trait, or * The attribute they measure
characteristic. * Their content
* This personal attribute, trait, or * How they are administered and
characteristic is thought to be important in formatted
describing or understanding behavior. * How they are scored and interpreted
* The behavior performed may also be used * Their psychometric quality
to predict outcomes.
Psychometric Qualities of a Test
Psychometric soundness = reliability and validity
Reliability Validity
* involves the consistency of the measuring tool * It measures what it purports to measure
↳ a valid measure is
generally reliable
Test Assumptions
endurin
~more
which individual
1. Psychological traits and states exist states -
feelings and emotions traits -
extraversion ; etc .
D
a
way in one
varies from another
senduring
2. Psychological traits and states can be quantified and measured -s example : How do we measure "aggressiveness"? We also have to take note of the
3. Test-related behavior predicts non-test-related behavior -> We can also observante tothe trait and state that we measuring a test and it
may
give us dues and provide other indications of the other aspects of his behavior .
4. Tests and other measurement techniques have strengths and weaknesses -
There is no such thing as "perfect" test . All tests have scope and limitation that
they try to measure .
5. Various sources of error are part of the assessment process -s Classical test theory -> Observed score = True score + error variance
6. Testing and assessment can be conducted in a fair and unbiased manner -
The tests should be standardized .
driving exam may lead to enabling bad
? Chaos Example : No
7. Testing and assessment benefit society What would society look like without tests
drivers to drive and can
.
-> cause more road
History has also
proven how tests help
evolve our society .
accidents
