COMPUTER SYSTEMS SERVICING
9
Quarter 2
Lesson 5
Correct Specifications from
Relevant Sources
LESSON
Introduction
The term "specs" comes from the word specification. Specifications are
requirements of computers for technical details of components and functionality of
the computer. These include information concerning speed, power, memory,
graphics, and others.
When you will purchase a printer, for example, it needs either Windows XP or
Mac OS X 10.3 or higher. This requires a USB port and 80 MB of hard drive space
available. If the device has no USB port you won't be able to connect the printer. The
printer drivers may be incompatible with your operating system if your computer
does not have Windows XP or Mac OS X 10.3 or higher. This means your computer
will not recognize the printer.
Correct Specifications from Relevant Sources
Memory
The RAM is measured in both Megabytes (MB) and Gigabytes (GB). The
amount of RAM a computer requires depends on the software it needs to run
efficiently. A computer running Windows XP will work with 1 GB of RAM, whereas
for computers running Windows 7, a minimum of 2 GB will do. For the performance
requirements of memory, look for the following: (1) Speed, typically expressed in
megahertz (mhz) (2) Timing, generally known as CAS (Column Access Strobe) and
(3) voltage. For most DDR4 modules the memory speed ranges from 2133MHz to
3200MHz.
Example of Technical Specification:
JEDEC Standard
DDR3 Speed Grade : 1333Mbps
Unbuffered DIMM : 240-pin
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Memory Organization : x8 FBGA DRAM chip
DDR3 DRAM interface : SSTL_15
CAS latency : 9-9-9
Bandwidth : 10660MB/s
Processor
The Central Processing Unit (CPU) or processor is an integrated electronic
circuit which carries out the calculations running a computer. A processor executes
arithmetic, mathematics, input/output (I/O), and other simple instructions passed
from an operating system. The speed of the processor chip of a computer is known
as "clock speed" in gigahertz (GHz) units, with the latest modern processors
operating at 4.7GHz currently. The following are the features to consider in selecting
a processor:
1. Cores- since the functionality of multi-core processors have become more
popular, and software has developed to use multi-core technology. There
are some options to choose, from dual-core to 8-core processors. The
"Core" family of processors includes Core 2, Core i3, Core i5, and Core i7,
the last of which is the most powerful.
2. Cache-is a form of very fast memory channels that is inserted into the
processor chip and used to store instructions to slow down as little as
possible between tasks. A cache measures in Megabytes (MB), with low-
end Celeron processors having as little as 0.25 MB of cache (256 KB), and
high-end Itaniums with up to 24 MB.
3. Socket compatibility-enables the interface between the motherboard and
its CPU. After you have already purchased a motherboard, confirm the
processor mounted if it is compatible with its socket.
4. Integrated Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) -is designed to perform
graphics-related calculations. If the processor does not have an integrated
GPU, the computer can still display the graphics if there is a separate
graphics card or if the motherboard offers an on-board video.
5. Frequency- the CPU frequency is measured in hertz (Hz). It is the speed
the CPU that runs while working. If the CPU architecture operates at a
lower frequency, it will potentially work better than a processor running at
a higher frequency.
6. Front Side Bus (FSB) is a communication interface that acts as the major
link between the CPU and system memory with the other parts of the
chipset and motherboard. FSB speed is measured in hertz (Hz) and is also
expressed as a ratio to CPU speed. It can range from 66 MHz to over 800
MHz. For example, a processor running at 2.4 GHz with an FSB of 400
MHz would have a CPU to FSB ratio of 6:1.
Example Technical Specification:
Essentials
Product Collection : 7th Generation Intel® Core™ i5 Processors
Processor Number : i5-7400
Performance
# of Cores : 4
Max Turbo Frequency : 3.50 GHz
Cache : 6 MB SmartCache
TDP: 65 W
# of Threads : 4
Bus Speed : 8 GT/s DMI3
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Processor Base Frequency : 3.00 GHz
Video Card
Also known as graphics card, display adapter, video adapter, video board, or
video controller, a video card is an expansion card that connects to a computer
motherboard. It is a piece of hardware inside the computer that processes images
and videos. The more efficient the GPU (Graphic Processing Unit), the faster
information will be shown and better overall visual experience will be displayed.
An overall indicator of the card's efficiency is its frame rate, expressed in
frames per second (FPS). It shows how many full images a card can display per
second. The human eye can process about 25 frames per second, but fast-acting
games require a frame rate of at least 60 FPS to produce smooth animation and
scrolling. The elements of frame rate are as follows:
➢ The triangles or verticals per second: 3-D pictures are composed of triangles
or polygons. This measures how fast the GPU can measure the complete
polygon or the vertexes. In general, it describes how quickly a wireframe image
is constructed by the card.
➢ Pixel fill rate: This measures the pixels that the GPU can process in a second,
which converts to how quickly the image could be scanned.
The graphics card’s hardware directly affects its speed. Below are the
hardware specifications that affects the speed of the card and the units in which it
is measured:
➢ GPU clock speed (MHz)
➢ Size of the memory bus (bits)
➢ Amount of available memory (MB)
➢ Memory clock rate (MHz)
➢ Memory bandwidth (GB/s)
➢ RAMDAC speed (MHz
Example Technical Specification
Asus GeForce GTX 750 TI 2GB 128-bit GDDR5 performance graphics (GTX750TI-
OC-2GD5)
Graphics Engine
NVIDIA GeForce GTX 750 Ti
Bus Standard
PCI Express 3.0
Video Memory GDDR5 2GB
Engine Clock
GPU Boost Clock : 1150 MHz
GPU Base Clock : 1072 MHz
CUDA Core https://www.mustangbols.com/animation-2d/perform
640
Memory Clock 1350 MHz ( 5400 MHz GDDR5 )
Memory Interface 128-bit Resolution
DVI Max Resolution : 2560x1600
Interface
D-Sub Output : Yes x 1
DVI Output : Yes x 2 (DVI-D)
HDMI Output : Yes x 1
HDCP Support : Yes
Power Consumption up to 150W1 additional 6 pin PCIe power required
Software ASUS GPU Tweak & Driver
ASUS Features OC Series
Super Alloy Power Dimensions 8.58 " x 4.527 " x 1.53 " Inch
21.8 x 11.5 x3.9 Centimeter
Data storage
Data storage capacity is measured in bits (b) and bytes (B).
Basic Unit of Data Storage
Quantity Information
Bit Smallest unit of data, either a 0 or 1
Byte 8 bits
Kilobyte Consists of 1024 bytes denoted as KB
Megabyte 1024 Kilobytes stated as MB
Gigabyte 1024 Megabytes called as GB
Terabyte 1024 Gigabytes identified as TB
Petabyte 1024 Terabytes denoted as PB
Exabyte 1024 Petabytes identified as EB
Zettabyte 1024 Exabytes identified as EB
Yottabyte 1000 Zettabyte
An example of a small data storage device is a standard 4.7-inch compact disk
with a capacity of 80 minutes of audio or 650 megabytes (MB) to 700 MB of data.
While an example of big data storage device is a hard drive that can hold 1 terabyte
(TB) of data. To easily picture out how much data is stored, consider the illustration
below:
Number of Bytes Object
1 byte (B) A single letter or number
100 kilobytes (KB) A low-resolution picture
1 megabyte (MB) A short paperback (book)
1 gigabyte (GB) A pickup truck full of books
1 terabyte (TB) 50,000 trees worth of printed paper
Example Technical Specification:
Samsung 2TB (HD204UI) Hard Disk Drive
Capacity 2TB
Interface Serial ATA 3.0Gbps
Buffer DRAM Size 32 MB
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