Sample Lesson plan

Name of Instructor :TARIKU TATO Name of college :AKPT college

Course: produce bricks and blocks Department: Structural construction level II

Date of lesson:01/10/2015 Unit of lesson: contents of course

Sub-unit of lesson: all contents of the course Topic of lesson: contents of course
Rationale of the topic: Every plan and preparation of work for produce bricks and blocks, including method,
material and equipment
Pre-requisite knowledge: Lay masonry unit
Learning objectives: At the end of the lesson, the students will be able to:
 Plan and prepare
 Mixing ingredient and cement
 Cast ingredients into molds
 Cure and stack bricks/blocks
 Assess quality of bricks/blocks
 Clean up

Stage Time Learning contents Teachers activities Students activities Learning assessment

Starter activities 3min Introduction to the Introduce him self Introduce them self
course
Self preparation

Main 5min All of contents of the Lecturing Listening

activities course
(Lesson
development)

Concluding 2min Summarizing the Summarizing Listening

activities courses

T&L Materials (include the materials that you will use in your lesson): chalk, duster, handout

Learner support (for slow-learner, fast-leaner, students with disability, students learning style etc.)

Name and Sign of Instructor Comments and signature of department

TARIKU TATO Sign ………………………

Lesson evaluation
 Unit one: Plan and prepare
This unit is developed to provide you the necessary information regarding the following content
coverage and topics:
 Work instructions
 Safety requirements
 Signage or marks
 Tools and equipment
 Material quantity
 Environmental protection
This unit will also assist you to attain the learning outcomes stated below. Upon completion of
this unit, you will be able to:
 Apply Work instructions
 Follow safety requirements
 Identify and implement signage or marks
 Select tools and equipment
 Calculate material quantity
 Identify environmental protection

Introduction

Product Description: Concrete Blocks and Bricks

Now days, hollow concrete blocks and bricks are becoming very popular. These blocks are being
widely used in construction of residential buildings, factories and multi-storied buildings. These
hollow blocks are commonly used in compound walls due to its low cost. These hollow blocks
are more useful due to its lightweight and ease of ventilation. Concrete blocks are wall
constructing material made up of sand, cement, gravel, pumice and water with different kinds
and types of mix ratio. Depending upon the required strength and purposes of the block, these
ingredients may vary with mix ratio. It is sometimes called a concrete masonry unit (CMU).
Most concrete blocks have one or more hollow cavities, and their sides may be cast smooth or
with a design. In use, concrete blocks are stacked one at a time and held together with fresh
concrete mortar to form the desired length and height of the wall.

Type of Concrete Block

Concrete blocks can be classified and divided in many ways, for example depending on their
size, material of production, compressive strength and purpose.
Depending on their weight and shape: Concrete block is divided into solid and hollow
concrete blocks based on its surface shape and size.
Hollow concrete block (HCB): this type of concrete block is the most common type and widely
used type that have one or two hollow cores. They are light weight, economical and needs
semiskilled laborers. Hollow concrete blocks are weak against lateral loads. The advantages of
using HCB is that they are readily available product, sound and thermal resistance, high fire
resistance, can be increased the lateral load resistance by reinforcement and has a 20+ years
lifespan.

Fig.1.1 hollow concrete block

Solid concrete block: Solid concrete blocks are heavier than hollow concrete blocks. Mostly
manufactured solid block size is 400mmx200mmx150 mm size. These blocks are mostly used
for load bearing wall construction.

Depending on their size or thickness

Concrete blocks mostly hollow concrete blocks have usually three different dimensions
depending on their thickness according to EBCS (Ethiopian Building Code Standard).
20 cm x 20 cm x 40 cm
15 cm x 20 cm x 40cm
10 cm x 20 cm x 40 cm
Depending on their Classification:
Hollow concrete blocks are classified into the following classes:

Class A and B are load bearing HCB units and suitable for
External walls pointed, rendered and plastered
The inner leaf of cavity walls or stone masonry
Internal walls or partitions
Panels in steel framed and reinforced steel framed buildings
Class C and D are non- load bearing HCB units and suitable for
Non- load bearing internal panels in steel framed and reinforced concrete buildings
Brick
A brick is building material used to make walls, pavements and other elements in masonry
construction. Traditionally, the term brick referred to a unit composed of clay, but it is now used
to denote rectangular units made of clay-bearing soil, sand, and ((lime, or concrete materials.
Bricks can be joined together using ((mortar, adhesives or by interlocking them. Bricks are
produced in numerous classes, types, materials, and sizes which vary with region and time
period, and are produced in bulk quantities. Two basic categories of bricks are fired and non-
fired bricks.

Block is a similar term referring to a rectangular building unit composed of similar materials, but is
usually larger than a brick. Lightweight bricks (also called lightweight blocks) are made from expanded
clay aggregate.

Fired bricks are one of the longest-lasting and strongest building materials, sometimes referred to as
artificial stone, and have been used since circa 4000 BC. Air-dried bricks, also known as mud bricks,
have a history older than fired bricks, and have an additional ingredient of a mechanical binder such as
straw. Bricks are laid in courses and numerous patterns known as bonds, collectively known as
brickwork, and may be laid in various kinds of ((mortar to hold the bricks together to make a durable
structure.

1.1 work instruction

A work instruction describes how a task will performed within a process (Process – any activity
or set of activities that uses resources to transform inputs into outputs). Work instructions include
Plan/ Drawing, specification and quality.
1.1.1 Following procedures
Procedures are a form of communication set out by a company to inform its employees of a
Particular way the organization wants a task or tasks to be performed.
Procedures may include:
 Safety procedures
 Environmental procedures
 Quality procedures
 Maintenance procedures

1.2 Safety requirements

Safety is the first essential requirement and every personnel must learn the safety measures even
before he/she starts working on a machine or on equipment’s. Safety is an attitude, a form of
mind of worker. If the attitude of worker towards safety is good and he/she is safety conscious,
then he/she him/her self will develop the safe working habits. Before you can use equipment and
tools or attempt practical work in a workshop you must understand basic safety rules. These rules
will help keep you and others safe in the workshop.
1.2.1 Classification of safety

 Personal safety(PPE & HSE)

 Safety hand tools & equipment’s
 Safety working area
 Safety rules & regulation of in the construction site.
 First aid. (Plaster, disinfectant, bandage, ointment).
1.3 Signage or marks
This section provides information on the signs that you can encounter on the work site. Most
Signs are self-explanatory, but if you encounter a sign where the meaning is not clear, seek
advice before you commence work in the area covered by the sign.
Why Do We Need Safety Signage?
Safety signs draw your attention to objects and situations affecting your health and safety.
Safety signs are placed in strategic locations as close as possible to hazardous areas. If they
become damaged or un readable, please report this to your supervisor so that the sign/s can be
replaced. If a sign displays a distinct safety message, it will carry the same authority as a direct
instruction from your Supervisor.
What are the different types of signs?
We all see many signs everyday but how many signs do we take notice of? The answer is most
likely many, however we do not admit to this. Signs are put in place to assist people.
It is not the intention of this note to attempt to teach all about all signs and the category they fit
under. However some knowledge of signs and how to use them is essential.
Identify signs and respond as necessary and appropriately
Signs may be:
1. Picture (symbol)
2. Written (words)
3. Picture and written
Picture signs are universal in language
Written signs may have a language barrier
Picture and written where the writing has the ability to clarify the picture.
There are many categories of signs that the Australian Standards have developed. The
Correct titles for these signs are:
 Prohibition signs (don’t do)
 Mandatory signs (must do)
 Restriction signs (limiting)
 Hazard signs (warning signs)
 Danger hazard signs (life threatening)
 Emergency signs (medical, exit etc.)
 Fire signs (fire fighting)

1.4 Tools and equipment

Spade;-is used to mix small Amount of mortar &concrete

Bucket

A Bucket is used to serve small amount of water or material and to take the tools after work.

Brush
To clean hand tools before and after use and to clean dust on surfaces of tools and equipment’s.
Wheelbarrow is used to services material and to take the tools after work.
 Mixing box is used to measure ingredients

Meter- is used to take measurement.

Sprit level- used to check whether the surfaces are level (horizontal) or plumb
(vertical).Available in various length with either traditional bubble gauges or electronic display.
Trowel - uses for lifting and filling mortar in the mold.

1.5 Material Requirement

1.5.1 Materials Used for the Production of Concrete Block

Concrete block can be produced from different construction materials with different mixing
ratio. Most of concrete blocks are produced depending on the intended purpose. The most
commonly used materials for the production of concrete blocks are:
Cement, water, Pumice ,Sand Gravel/aggregate and Red ash
Cement The following cements are commonly used in concrete block making:

Ordinary Portland cement (OPC). Cheapest and most common type used.

Rapid hardening Portland cement (RHPC): more finely ground cement, which hardens much
faster than OPC. It is especially useful:

 where storage space is limited,

 when rapid production is important, and
 To produce good strength blocks despite poor gradation of aggregate.

Block mix cement: marketed especially for block making, but can vary from one manufacturer
to another. It has the high early strength qualities of RHPC, but is lower in price.
Special cements: such as Portland blast furnace cement, sulphate-resisting Portland cement and
others, used where special properties are of importance. The partial replacement of cement by a
pozzolana, e.g. rice husk ash, fly ash, may be acceptable in certain cases, but should not be
implemented without prior laboratory testing.

Aggregates

There are a number of types of aggregates that can be used for brick and block making. These
aggregates may need to be blended to suite the quality of the final product. Never use aggregate
that has clay, organic matter or excessive salts in it.

Sand There are different types of sand. Some types are more suitable than others for use in brick
and block making. Some types of sand may need to be blended with other aggregates to get the
correct consistency and suitability.