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OBJECTIVE : To find the focal length of a convex lens by plotting graphs between u and v or between 1 and 1
APPARATUS AND MATERIALS REQUIRED : An optical bench, three uprights, a convex lens, a lens holder, tw
optical needles, a knitting needle and a metre scale,
THEORY : When a ray of light, parallel to the principle axis is incident on a lens, after refraction, it passes throug
the focus or appears to pass through the focus. In the case of a convex lens, the nature and size of the image depends
the position of the abject.
The relation between u, v and f for a convex lens is -+ =ii => fae
Where f= focal length of convex lens
u = distance of object needle from optical centre of the lens
V = distance of image needle from optical centre of the lens
Note : According 10 sign-convention, w has negative value and v has positive value. Hence, f comes positive. 1) | ofa) |r) ) lear |e) [4 ut
E23 sé | a [ig [0.053 Joos | a7
~2te [ae Tse Te Teast lee27|
Si $3 68 li 1 |o.058 |o.055 | 8-7
Sa 3S Jott 20 |p.o66 |o-050 | 86
|So 36 eH ly a4y |e-o7t Joout | 84
Mean f= 439 2 3-8,
5
Fecal berg by ssn gaaph
f2Q2 - 22. iI
22
fa: Oo. 198.7%
Zs
fe Bs ion Don
— RESULT:
The focal length of given convex lens using
1. Calculated value of =f = cm
2, Fromu-v graph, _m cm
3. From 1 ~- graph, f = m cm
PRECAUTIONS
Tips of the object and image needle should lie at the same height as the centre of the lens.
Parallax should be removed by keeping tip to tip at least 30 cm from the eye
The uprights should be vertical.
Proper index correction for u and v should be applied.
Object should be placed at such a distance that the image formed by needle is real and inverted
SOURCES OF ERROR
1. Parallax removal may not be perfect.
2. The upright may not be vertical.
3. The optical bench may not be horizontal.
4. The scale chosen on the graph may not be accurate.
WEN
