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DBMS Assignment 2

Assignment

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Nasir Hussain
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71 views23 pages

DBMS Assignment 2

Assignment

Uploaded by

Nasir Hussain
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ASST GNMENT- 02 NAME - GiulsHaNn COURSE - &. eek. ese? NecTION - OS Semster - 8d Aveatecy ~ DATA Base MaAnnoem ens Sustem, SUBMETTED ro - Mr. Gnuveg Chamdma, QUBMISSTION Dave - [D-tp-92, F scanned with oKEN Scanner j oy Gopsiden_a—dailabase_ ea Us0)_0.. 1 “tisa= Ff Y WH phase—lockln, —_pnoticel on __concunnenc Hh Repti explain the tate phrases fl ota Sale: tahoe itt ensune [aenializability Provide an_ exp @> mple_. é eduleY and show how the —teo-_ eet See eee aie ppliz Fy The tao =p Aa |_o| two acim ph f i ie iw 3. ii W f ff f —)) netting phrase _? | Dunine this ph. aae_.Tnarsactit oms_can acquine Tineke by dz _cannof_sielease an pt 2} Once_a.“Praonsnction—nelence alae + ik _.| cannot _acquime—ant 4 ew) docks —*|This ens unet_that a *Tiansachien acqutnes—__ — alt the locks it ne Sarr eae Te ft | —|neleas __pneverting _pél ft ie neil: d —Lin ‘| f — is_phase, tnansaction_neleas e docks . —-bulF cannot __acqulne mew Ones »______ 21 Once a Tmansaction seleare all its _locks., ta ~e__Completes__and_ no__functher inten action i + OF ‘scanned with OKEN Scanner “allowed -— vaananleer —“l hata taansacdiant once” that —ieleasing —Jocks_,wsill_mot > iriteifene with othtn + aN + | Enusing “Aeniali irabiltly = — at Fike tue - phate locking _prsiscol ena itunes ental b, seu exttain ty; Os YS aanaoct oy Cy seinking phate “a1 TA steleases_the_Inek | tp acquine id 2 -3| 12 —nequinia —o— toni | fon Ti to__= y itis i._Aciializa’ble +—Use structndte __? | Te ensues __con}! onflicting —open = lane serialized _.-meanin: | they ane. —lexecutzd“in_a. usay thal * avoids “incon, at ard maivtains the inte a of — the database -—___ spegh gal N Y sy —enfencin a Strick aaa] —loele | 3 quistien © and nee €»—the ESET ___sthen_i eraunes that thy ‘pal_—mesul'}- ——1 ¢4uival: ¢__Aeniafoxden_of t 4 c = yale) RC) te) Seniosizabili+ | thet _-the aps agate aa hose “bam —LIt: -gjianan Sees “thatthe pultome_b- rela _comai —————a ai adalabate. agetemn_ensunes— —t. ne _databare » OF ‘scanned with OKEN Scanner | lsat with the execdlien of hs ential onden_2_even17— med Concusneritly--— amsactions im a ey —ulene— pens | a SN “iE yele Seeetea 3 Tio 23h) { 42: a - 3! Explain_the fundamental Coneeshoap [sestializability ina Stuantactite a te — | Dintws—the © _Dilfenencee_betiuecm ob iF |_view seniabizobilily . at Ve re ita. —-pmouide tram eneliucl_a—paecedence J mple—te tacts ihe Ucgpreuile fa naph_—in_aepsietest_the Bs damental _Concest of seal izabulity v dependency béliveet -nansaclion bared on, = conf lie 344 cpenations_Cread=waite_and | mnite /shicte) ¢ ee “Check if “there_ane Cycle. eee . —the_“pmecedence_getaph: Conflict Seniabizability © et * Eocuses_on_con|lict betiveen_openatiens in Jerext transaction = 2 Tne. pe—t|—Can] lict- waite x fee ae stn A {syelatienshipthetacen AY 3ePtiiet ary ee — apelin hens Une dalla that hy ehtand_z, = a need sta he stoned Dacca the xignificance—ef —ERD—in modelin + Bx 2 ee enecte On R, including — e_uxe_ of _entitiet_1a+t ibide, selationships 1 and Candinabity —Coneinai,4) pee _dextgn-e| —a- ddtabates FAD pnovider_a_ gnaphieal_ne| paeseridation of ¢_ietwectune Sand —nelactionshipstoithy ddfabateatnuctiow making it easien fon_stakeholdens_»_includiny—developen | ‘ond_-non-technical__usens Y, to- ondenctarg {the selatienthips __betiveen entities | Define fdSnibales 2 stdninatta—dearnite ata ——-priopecitien of _erititice These pane _depictid within~“ovals and ane conneite )—theinmesfecti —?), Communication 2 pow bevee 9 They serve ona moni cettion 400] ee taatln Ai jeneit-takeholden Involved Tin the databace design proces" ERDs provide_a_cornrnon_visial_ language to — discus _a A —Convey- _ databace + $) Desi 2. pla se = lines connecting ahem Comman_2xlationhip > PLERDY bel pr_ it sprganeing and clanijyin, —+——|yper__include_Y one_io_one__1_onetom a the_desii n_of jafab se iipcema 6d 4o_many + Identify —and_> ——|-deptetinh end oHaibilis © and s1eli tion: pot _ah c__stelatitmsbip_—accin —— hip. they assists inl defining the ——Mucturd ef the _Databarel. = OF ‘scanned with OKEN Scanner Sy! —Candinality Sine | Spay he Coad eae sili ee oh mise of — ins oo one entt that can be aso. ciated with acti: mMImon probols__incl. ¢on_— 7 i and '0" ton mista aula ee — | | ait the —stereusices “lo be _availabie Jon exe- denial - OF “2 | Tessa a 25 seated dnarnch preventer O78 A een ——eeetn ms Se Eun seb anuaciion thai bat eld <7 penton tll _o a Lecme—resourice e_availnble fon execat “Fert Deadlock paeverition sgeed_ad ines and 12 —in_waiting fon_the nese reste —_ spose te ind if thee ony —posibility gy > ‘;. {held by —T-_then— 1. eta billed and ay ed! if -deodinek_and Im EaAe tf ital St} willbe —nestaoted wrth the ety tf écadlock » the trantaction leaf Psane Hmmettarnp butt wicth a —tinndern delay — pas ceed - primarily »—the in, ; Es a ——|oliewedS tebe fo coer Hae het 3 ound wait acheme i= —in_the_olden a——_stnansactionin_beTiveen, [atamp_ot whi : : eee eed. by abe—Dens and_bared_on\ 4p, it_egamined by Ao ed. = The deals yerttid _b, —using —Achemet_haf —— { ie timestamp © of —~the transact Io Zaleuldte the atcunence— pf dead leck nansaccto sieques onthe siesouncet__which iA _held by | thi msaction —T Ls -then =the _youngen__*~ ~ransaction ies T2_wait— until Tl “neleaser_ “the_ciesousicet_- But” when -the__s1esouncet__ a=? $= When_a “tnansaction nm [ | eld _—by_—_the _sroun, ent orsachen Tis | srequerted__b Vibe! olden thamactien Ti. i, t-te Kill the ctharnaction, quests _fon_sthe_siesouce lwhich_t«_aln od held_by —anothen—lramtactin ——| then_thetit ymps_t}~ the fransaccions ane Ntcammed by the DBMS and _-the olden “tranw- — etal tithe _mexeuri@e_becornel_ayai- Mable Let at_Censiderhve “Kia mtachom ___| 12 _ia_fonced—_bs in_onden tp sneleare the _sretowices_held_by, it: ind—af-truwsand —T2_11_neschantted with lay butt —usith the —same_timeciamp, | Deadlock Detection =the dead Inc k_can_be dete: =Cted. +he_2iesounces f—Ts IE Ti_nequeils jones a ‘by —T2_Gnd_a lee. on Tz, chedules2cho—checks_all_Y the siesounces_allo~ ‘ether tnentaction_, = \cated_te—the_dij ere _pnocesset_- The deadlock. _| Should be avoided —imslead__ef_tenminacting—. and netfaxting the “Isansacctien—A0 Sit beth stesouncel!as_twell_time—is_met—waa-- Bed One _of the —_mmethodt__f o71_de-tecting- | deadlock _is___tua_ fon—tinaph- which__“ia__ Dake ble Ann Amalien— database — + {ve Aeon we Mbethen TS (Ti) < 75(72) ik examined.—and if Ma P—the_olden_tansacchion _bellmeen Tl ee —and some sietcunces is held by -_—____- —<$————_———— (OF scanned with OKEN Scanner ‘ibaye_madificalion PP Completion pp ~ vfiet_thedatatase aft —Comple ae Gisbare_acifzation. ied - 1 Se . | Becoueiy —aystem ust Hansa = is - ‘Reds (THE, [ tuansacten Tiare _sct_to “fpendtion which jy a] lar sal aaa modification = 2 T_rmodifies the debe apie ~0_wtite op. on. staafa tase modi cation —lpe“temenediale cone an. upd 2 LA —fvert [Yernsacli¢n—is_beii : sdelétion 05 updating a second : is_dane hone. Buf" all the necoiidt ane. adil. |noif saved tothe dafahare « | >| Famially Comrritled = Tr the_passtially Committed a Atte Ta ion_execatir Lwhen_a_-taansacti¢n__penfesims. it_+}inal opendtion but the dala ia _adill_ not ——_|urtite_openation_- Update~ log me cords _masritais saved to -the_ddlabare. both _eld_and_new “Values “of data ictemt - -In_the total _mank_tatZulation_eg_,_a_final display Unde (T) = Al_dala items vpdated_bi action _Tis_ane__seh ld_va Reda Ti) = All_data_iteme_opdated by the ————biamacten_ Ti pe tr a_new. ay» Fa_atep_ la died’ im athe 4 ___ Committed Atafe i] It_execates all ite. ppesliems succesfully tn thdatale all the— ye_noud_ pes manerfiy_Aaved on_the | data bax = syria value ee =~; OF scanned with KEN Scanner Se G he—checkt_made 5, fs re Rip oh ,~ eis dense a i) Failed tale at “shades secansy ptm fe | eds Ee ae atlas e L Sien_the transaction ittaid tobe in) | Exclusive lock Data can ke ead as warp | aga fated. tafe = + A intl tahenan enclave pak — ° Soe ES eee ied_-Tt_is_denoted at tock - x. ed pny 0] the—checks fail_and a ap bX auiieh —hat—sieached—a faite he_dafabase_Mecoveny Autom wig) make_autse—that the database Sin" ide previ conuittent_4taté -_if_nct =pishen lla wtf _sioll_back the -taansaction_to_bning [stata Heit state. — fon_failn_in the_amidd kf tha {| —___—__ “thawacticn_ontyS cytai Nock The tnontaction_car-rat— tse le nae ake | ini_sthe—9-rewirg | - —twhen_-the dati n¢_¢arnmitted _V the “tranractin f ts lbe—Alminking—phare, | Pnantactign then before —execiifing - -the- tin fon ers Nw = } Tall —the“exectifed _-tnamaaction_aneY 2olled back +. | shainking —phase_t_Nerthen ane locks ottained non _ ite Comirtenit_ataite - jthey—ane_seleaed _im_this_pkara ax ‘ : when—all the dafa_* changer ane staned » only -Discumabodl—tw0__phare_locking —and_Cam: é [ahen the lochs one seUatede potocel - - pied ce = Locking in_DBMS_ i, uaed,fan_handling imam. I am Ree Teton fl libaae The phate locking pce hen Aun Toe ensures senializabl [lick Achedules- AYschedile ee — ——{i_catled Conflict péviatizable if it canbe aa — = ——jfonmed_istls echedule_ey —4wapping mo Cen{licting p&rdtions. ae aes one med_leck == _Dala_con chly be siead whe aE ———Shaned__tock i, applied - Dala_Car: We a - OF ‘scanned with OKEN Scanner Ca ith Incyte 7" ations_and z a pe = “i ~Atoued specify tekiti | [fq Choosing bel, Wipe! Thin invelver_* oy Aigtaiued Ci, eae el __land_maximum— number ne One F | rally —ondened _p; ‘parton he ted thant | ab orgasm ou __Cemmon— coals include —"4"- ton et Tom mati nd fener % yr eaeing = ee —attributer Ua, es Se —} mre © ape up at fetievale _Tittesial = 03 = n—accelenifer seach 6 but pale ouch diting tc st? 7 lupddte on —— Sab anrlioning = Dividing lange tabla ia amas a eee on_a specific _estitenien .' Auchat_sanse on eee i , fg a table by dafs_varge can —perfonmakice— when deanch> ithin’ 9 specific shane foame! = =i Belin sain the concept ef p si cal clile_medeliyg | “* | end its_nole_in__dattabase__desiqn- provid) | _——_-txamplet_f how physical mnoidellig— ecisiont._| | aveh_ox__aton performer and efi impact _databate _penfonmance _and_e}ficie Physical Dala_Madeling = hysigad daa_moding rvalyes— desing —the_ dual Atauctione abate V to opstimi: — {isis and_cf, Ttfocuses_on___ | nnanulating th jal odel + ivitc 4c _physic at _aceouvti fom Ato- ———;Nage—_dety _and_othen implene- siti nee st ig eee dedi ved pn at: = ecompuled — 4otal_in a cepa : aE Fn Te ny Pt — j OF ‘scanned with OKEN Scanner a — Using MOLLE ANS aching and alle a_bufjer pool lle by ing _beth_aloage ef teieney—omd query” = etna Tmplemexting “mecha, x to cache“ $s ny SO sm_ta— iequest _in_memeny qon_farte teil tema fone a0 seced ex_in_omemony _5Vpo~ apr Tlos_ex Fama Aton |_compn ———_] me quire. spa data, Eig and inelalignhips_amo} ing—thase data ) elaine ifn col_- an, Foy area aan aa Sara - ta + np ny sical ayes Ce _conce, ct ita __rnodetiy tual, ee ing _eolumnor_ Compzicssion ty ato: YN values to, atin plazas -ond_san— impo. tien —petfasiinance “Pmovide a |e) ‘To, ee ai —jon—_anal; eas ton Raalitee’ ac Logical xtayetund ileted — ce the dati eel how the dats 2 Tinpadt—_ om pes Smance_and_ejficienc ‘dt egal will be phyla ——< nizaens lly dettened = Well - - designed phy can_'tad toy _irnpno fed quis neduced Atondge —needs_ and —pvenalt_ Ayetem — “¢jficieney | —__—_S__} 2), pata sequizerei! Onganizing the | Physical_asta_ och Ponaly— _choren. iphysical_ Stab don Ane_ busines dat clue | LDeikgn_acalatl tunes gnay send in fen —pnocen_eneating_|tp_mect=-the ban} cost optimization Oueihend- i Alm be queny — pean ——la_shaned_undh- [nes needt Comme} Fubaere= praefing 4 ——tnce_ond_ higher tnaintenance__eost) fending = behicen, nicafion_and Colla} Irferopenabilify.—- hora tien OF ‘scanned with OKEN Scanner | place oe fe TD" and "Doden Dak" cals the |_Coneeg En ar ord _ovelations One a etn, -Attnibuts, eR 2 RModel Fy 3 Bes o tompaneyts anc Repnien sents cit 37) ERDs aia —n_tatneae ay GE Tn the_ER adel entifin a a PT wold pe saoeteh atid Tai] 02-DBA. devel Ai -and—atytter | O— ey cal rpn— td tea 5 dna ) Sata t) Ta. bles calomang pitt» pnimany4ddla feeind he puoperticn Co; ite. enti ard keys, qoneign—-}-Concinalaili_,tyy) pe “depict connec: fe ‘a Oe Sa ep) imi aches a mF [pmbitie Entities one the fundamental b Zz blacks Auch Cutiomnen —prein replys —thad_—have dixttnet ehbach 4 biter $= Addnibats define the poapen 4 SE fuente Honmattion use —_winxtto —stone-abedt 3 __. fe + Relalinnahip. Zelationshps illudlale how enti — 2 onnecled om _Iritinact_. ai ).Corifinuin y_usit with | iy i at a2 ith eash — Shee ee etTablich oxociotone . — et een ald —in__dafabare_design_by prong | viaual_mepneserifidinn of she dda ‘rroden’ 1 pag nel int = Chay anity = ERDs_make Complex dafatate struct | } _unes__rnone__undenstandable + facilitating + between Atachholde and __—~ —TCommunicstion Date” Tale ate_de ep 41 deuelopens —— —_._I ned_o_columm— _} = 5 Ae —— 7 ‘Jor optimization - | ~ . zs TT OF ‘scanned with OKEN Scanner ER ynodeliny “asta in visual ei _dlimingdlivg x suring _2 fficie -data_Aintase: 1a_feslgn Eads Ace as — tah plus paisct ston cresting Tike _actial_databare schemas guiding — thet [eatin tabler_and — defining lage _on_updala dy fotabase tai [tan_te- vituall Sed plameed in —ERDS bees rplemendahoet—s reducing — _Yhe_nlak_of-ennon. fabave_Mairftenance, hag. 4), Explain fhe concep »| nefenential_irvtégn —9-{ Elaine em nce af ale _Crive a Tegeiy example etal hou_it_is_enjanced_ ——_Land fa algnlficanee a — dete ——1 quali oo [Coustormen aa eee eA mr —> [Repertal_hilanidy_im a_nelafional_ ——Hhat_aielationitios 9 between tab et nernalt vteit <“Lt is __based_on the concept n_key,_whene a —foateign Icey — in jen othe primar! i iewhipsbelizeen tables and_¢: Accunaty—and_ualidiry of dota. ‘Onder’ table “CurtomerTo’ tn the new onder alnead, ue if the 7 sthe* Curtomens_ta tle ~ ThiCpreve — —Ondens_fon_non=existert—curtomen—, rf —-a_curbemen's “Cuctimen po! _is__ly Curtomenc’ stables the + * Curtomen ro! in_+he“Ondeu’ Comisteney in the “nelttionship- “dl _. be__upddléd_-“Thit_enwuner — ——e OF ‘scanned with OKEN Scanner i ——— lin. a table is_bnig tnd 10m, the” Fa irnany— ke. tri . 9 ia ae eo on PU cathe dena net ee - 7 ) Ysvatue+ “en oon pnidens_exiet—02 eee Zar ml nde she unk | ntoctoted —pride$——— 7. Spot ‘|e 4 preven =the escent Tt De tap Yon undef int, " aicats {Significance ‘inal fT = d__necon de sabe Fe pant —— Tt A-avaidi eae > [Unis Ddlaaaid pon -exktewt datas “ BEE aig sy guava that a prevesitt Ht *inconseel—_o_nwalid data_ thal _foneiqn keys inane} eee ables conneipond © 40 valid pitting | keys inte siefenenced tables ») [Accum JTF px | Rejenevitial Andean tito prerequisite Ho ene ea om <= Aplications “ely fqn ine data. base can_atni }_\ the nelation:.. P betiocen_tat let leading to _mnane_nela- nexus ___ ee Anite ity Inthe _contex ibed to Bee enttyt hy i+ _it_imnporrtait ynd__how is ia. —gattncel—t —and__ provid Reliobility hip —betio bie__and_—a. eS a a fenceredt_ oft integing poe tT Erba ey enetanth -tThe_palmany kt Cre the_ pan —eycalnn a La table T+ | ensuner "that the Yvaluet in —-this_column —_ane_oniqur ‘fon _each_secead ‘and_cannct_._. edn the auuna a a OF ‘scanned with OKEN Scanner Te ‘Erfenceme if ee ee ATE TAGLE—Studenlé ——_ fetudentt 10 “mp n= nut waluss + Student TQ_INT P “Narne_ VARCHARLSO! Canade CHAR!) aa sr jaty_i4_ applied many Ie * Conitial Gon Gene ed VU potlinn— « ennui! (= RIMARY_KEY. 1) MoT NULL. tS $+ difabwe> )_ [14 belps_in_defining_| ields_on_cOlumn| ofthe tables. Ah nenihdte dala ao a {oilfes Datars ~Corfiel ta nay, a esate ae pase aon : Komple- of coi! sheatarne ity 7 pus to_dejine| s DO een af the 4 —_ | ) ects the whole |¥) 4 any e tperk ats fied nod! eshte a : Qa L084) fen ex t) Tt helps wun | mows on mecond: ¢f the’ tables They ae auling com: mitted Cchanget_ma |e pan if 2 changes —ane_penmma= Viale can stell_boch own vend: Jehanger_ inthe Drie. lan [They dod” ha 2 |v) they are clan ied Ine! juts "Clan fication: eee oad ben : | procedunel-—_—————~« - —i— < (OF scanned with OKEN Scanner : DpL_ Example — —Teneare taut Caste “Cuxterner DIN PRIM Ni VARCHAR (S021 — mail NVARCHAR (100) — 4 —= s ALTER TABLE —Customent—— “ADD COWMN — 2 ancerT nto _Predecds = | Name_1 Paice )_——_____——- = . vats i0l." Laptep + 1200)5— Customent (__—_— Cus (eee Phone VARCHAR.(20)j—— ee a Yee . \ RANT. SELECT—oN\_ting aye doin — [REVOKE —UP apa VOKE UPDATE on Produc! eee eee ote VAAN \ | Puowide —neal= world ie: ia iont that have significart iy eemeg a fom the _adoptidn* of eras Aetitiern fiat -the—specif ic__advarteiges thes se ——ft ie eee ee ee | bppATE_.Paedveds —__———- SET Paice = 257. WERE Paeduct TD WHES EB Custormen I SELECT # FROM. Crnpb <=) Amazon i Amazon_utilizet_D5Ms_to WHERE Departmed « ¢ “Saks! j= —Taanage —vart ore usihc a “| Custemen_Ded a yi fF _injfoarmacien ais = Vanden defnilt The use a _nobut_pams attows fon__ejficiew_inve Tnanagemail | Atneamlined _anden__procening —and_ptatena lized cus-tnznen Meco mendatent - LalmaxilsOne_e} the. world “3 lange sidfailent 7_dmploy Brac; do __-manage_ Snveritiny —acsom tts _extensite nétienks "of —atenes J This__enable_srcal-_*, wise > SE OF ‘scanned with OKEN Scanner | a Lord 1) pili Hetty ta poesia a [easel and Hestiates dha a taity 5 Lee itve infant ecg - | naucthanized —aecem patlectee” from oy rod ue Chi», ing ih epimiation Toe ‘ curtormes—pteichar) 2 —decisient™ lactmextt and ~ [ ne alto ins a — secre — fo paeduct——| paamotlont— ————— perio Fe “gealabilily = DBVMs- seudiem ane ad de ia ——n_acale wit gow ees lnerneatt— Acc omoda: (ng tte _"* Deed ef —angamicatien ours > paras gt hard lever data —tncleds filer, post_and— -Cennectitr! 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