Voter’s and Leadership Education

Introduction: VOTERS
EDUCATION
■ The Philippine Land made up of 7,101 islands total land area
300,780 square kilometers as large as Italy, larger than New
Zealand and Britain and is strategically located.

■ The Philippine resources vast, fertile agricultural land – 18M

hectares (only 1/3 is cultivated), teeming biodiversity on seas
and land (our reefs support over 2,500 kinds of fish and 600
kinds of Coral – a world record), vast reserve of different
energy resources (deuterium, fuel of the future).
 The Philippine Name

■ 1521 – Magellan gave the name (Archipelao of St.Lazarus”

1542 – Villalobos gave the name “Islas Filipinas”
Named after King Philip who had a missionary heart

“If there were only one person there to keep the name of Jesus
alive, I would send missionaries from Spain to spread His Gospel.
Looking for mines or precious metals is not the only business of
kings”.
-King Philip
■ The Philippine Destiny
■ Like Lazarus, we are destined to die…and we are destined to
RISE again!
■ Like Philip, we are destined to bear Christ’s name…we are
destined to light the world!
■ The time to Rise is NOW!
■ Be a part of our history…
■ Be involved on our…ELECTION Your Vote… Our
Future
 History of Election
■ A system of election was practiced in the Philippines during the Spanish
and American colonial period. But the process was only limited to male
voters and was more of a ceremonial rather than a genuine democratic
mechanism.
■ Sectoral struggle and political participation was only realized in 1937:
when Act 4112, granting women the right of suffrage was implemented;
and when the peasant movements gained meaningful participation in
political parties an in actually filling of government positions.
■ The first democratic election after World War II was the 1946 election,
for President and Vice President of the Republic, Members of the Senate
and of the House of Representatives. From then on, the country operated
on a two-party system where two major political parties, the Nacionalista
Party and the Liberal Party.
■ When Marcos declared Martial Law in 1972, the 1935
Constitution was scrapped, and an Interim Pambansa was
created and a new (1973 Constitution was adopted.
■ Election for the Interim Batasang Pambansa was called
for in 1978. The Kilusang Bagong Lipunan (KBL) became
the administration party. The election was claimed to be
towards restoration of old political order but Marcos’
purpose was to gain legitimacy for his unpopular
administration and to create a robber stamp legislature.
The exercise defied democratic procedures, and was
characterized by rampant electoral manipulation done by
the Marcos government to ensure victory.
■ Local election in 1980 was characterized by
widespread terrorism, violence and wholesale
fraud.
■ Intense opposition coming from the peasant and
student sector in the countryside supported and
labor unrest in 1981, Marcos submitted himself
to the electoral process to regain legitimacy.
This is mandated by the constitutional provision
of a parliamentary system.
■ The Aquino assassination in 1983 resulted in waves of protest forcing
the creation of wider democratic space. Batasang Pambansa elections
happened in 1984 to replace the Interim Batasang Pambansa . The
exercise was intended to divert the people’s attention away from the
Aquino assassination. Still, the period was marked by weakening
popularity of Marcos and the peoples growing political will to
guarantee that their sentiments are reflected in election results.
■ Snap elections were held in 1986. The widespread election
manipulations and irregularities and the worsening social, political and
economic order triggered the EDSA uprising in the same year. The
mass action known as People Power Revolution of 1986 led to the
ouster of Marcos, the collapse of KBL and the installation of Corazon
C. Aquino as President.
■ Aquino’s program of restoring democracy, promoting stability and
establishing political legitimacy involved three major electoral
exercises: national plebiscite for the approval of the 1987 Constitution
in February 1987; election for members of the Senate and House of
Representatives in May 1987; and local elections in January 1988.
The 1987 Constitution provided for a multi-party system.

■ During the 1992 synchronized national and local elections, the people
voted for president for the first time under the 1987 Constitution. The
main campaign issue was doing away with “trapo” or traditional
politics. In 1995, congressional and local elections were eld. A new
form of fraud dubbed as “dagdag bawas” or the subtraction of votes
from one candidate to be added to the contending candidate was in
practice during these two major elections.
■ In 1998, the first party-list election were held,
Joseph Estrada was seated as President of the
Republic with popular support. However in
January 2001, EDSA DOS, a repeat of 1986
People Power removed Estrada from Malacañang
and seated Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo as the new
president.
■ Time and again, the struggle for our independence and for
democratic governance resulted in a kind of political
system, political leaders and electorate that we have right
now. Election has been one major feature and mechanism
in practice and through a more informed electorate is hoped
to continue to serve as a vehicle towards genuine
democratic governance.

■ In addition, R.A. 9189 of the Absentee Voting Law, entitles

all Filipino Citizens overseas, not otherwise disqualified by
law, and immigrants and permanent residents with affidavit
of intent to resume residence in the Philippines, to vote for
elective positions in the national level: President; Senators;
and Party-List Representatives.
Election Process
■ Registration - Preliminary to the voting exercise is the registration of
voters. During the registration process, the qualified votes accomplishes
and files a sworn application for registration before the election officer of
the city or municipality wherein he resides and including the same in the
book of registered voters upon approval by the election Registration
Board. This process is currently guided by R.A. 9189or the Continuing
Voter’s Registration Act of 1996.

■ The Overseas Absentee Voting Act (OAV) Law applies the mechanics
in R.A. 8189 of personal registration either with the Election Board of
Inspectors in their place of residence before their or with the
representative of the Commission in the Philippine embassies, consulates
and other foreign service establishment in their temporary residence
overseas.
■ Election Day – After undergoing the registration
process and during election day, the votes proceeds
to the casting of votes, which is conducted y the
Board Inspectors (BEI). All voters whose names
appears in the list of voters will be allowed to vote.
Official candidates and registered political parties
and party-list groups are represented in the precincts
by watchers.
■ Public counting of votes starts the close of voting at 3:00 p.m.
Votes for candidates, simultaneously with the reading, are
entered in the tally board and the election returns. Official
watchers shall be permitted full access to the proceedings, but
only the members of BEI can write or place on the tally board
and on the election returns.
■ After all the ballots have been read and recorded, the BNEI
signs and thumbmarks the election returns and let the
principal watchers of six major political parties do the same.
Six copies of election returns are placed inside corresponding
envelops, sealed and submitted to the official concerned.
These returns are then distributed to the COMELEC, to
designated canvassers, and candidates/parties through their
watchers and are the used for canvassing of votes.
The Requirements for
Participation
One must be:
■ a Filipino citizen
■ at least eighteen (18) years old
■ a resident of the Philippines for one year and of the city or
municipality wherein he proposes to vote for at least six months
immediately preceding the election
■ not otherwise disqualified by law
■ “The Philippines is a republican and democratic state. Sovereignty
resides in the people and al government authority emanates from
them.”
■ We elect our officials directly
■ Officials serve for fixed terms
■ Officials are directly accountable to the people
The Government
■ Executive
■ Implement programs and projects
■ Monitors programs and projects
■ Provides basic services
■ Performs ceremonial functions
■ Must have managerial and leadership skill.
■ Executive Position
■ Legislative
■ Review and evaluates proposal, position papers
■ Conducts research on proposed bills and position papers
■ Consults experts
■ Defends and analyzes proposed bills
■ Must have analyst and able to express mind
■ Legislative Positions
What Qualities should I
Look for?
R – Righteous Governance

■ How does your candidate decide on issues?

■ How does he lead his family, constituents?
■ Does he/she make decisions that promote justice, righteousness
and peace for all law-abiding Filipino?
■ Does he/she use his influence as a platform for governing with
prudence and foresight for the good of many?
■ A candidate who governs righteously does not accept or offer
bribes, and leads an example of eradicating graft an corrupt within
his area of influence
I – Integrity
■ A person of integrity is not a perfect individual; rather, he or she is
someone who desires to be accountable to those he leads.
■ His walk should match his talk, and his public image must not be a
result of a clever media makeover, but should be based on a solid
character of trustworthiness.
■ If and when he/she makes wrong decisions, he/she must be willing to
take responsibility for it and not put the blame on his predecessors, or
other people.
G – Giftedness
■ A candidate for a public office must have the qualifications and
abilities necessary to carry out his/her responsibilities
successfully
■ A candidate must also have the strengths, personality traits and
innate capabilities needed to serve in the particular office he/she
seeks to serve in.
■ Some candidates will be good as executives but will make for
mediocre lawmakers or legislators, and vice versa. Others will
be great managers, but will not be as effective in drug busting.
Still others are visionaries who can inspire greatness in those
they lead, but will fail as implementers of their dreams.
 H – Heart
■ How is your candidate’s heart for God, for people and for our nation?
■ Does he/she see himself/herself as answerable not only to people, but
to someone infinitely higher than him/her?
■ The heart, in my opinion, is the most important characteristic not only
of a leader but also of every single citizen of this country.
■ This is true because the heart of the problem of this nation is the
problem of the heart.
■ Genuine change should come from the inside out.
■ To have genuine reform Jesus said, “I am the way…”
 T – Track Record
■ Look for your candidate’s track record in a previously held
pubic office.
■ If he/she is entering politics for the first time, consider how
this candidate has proven himself/herself in his chosen
profession or area of expertise before running for office.
■ You need to also be informed about your candidate’s track
record in the other points of the guidelines I have just
explained to you.
■ Do you see a good pattern of righteous governance, integrity,
giftedness and heart?
Value of your vote
■ Equal chance for vote, whether rich or poor
■ Guaranteed opportunity to participate
Your Vote will Mean:
■ Better services from the executive
■ Better policies and laws from the legislative
■ A brighter future for us, Filipinos
What should I do?
■ Pray for the election, the COMELEC, the candidates and the
voters.
■ Organize/ attend Candidate’s Forum to know their programs,
track record and platforms
■ Rally your community to vote right
■ Help educate your friends to vote RIGHT.
■ Vote RIGHT
■ Watch the count, be a Poll Watcher
How will I vote now?

■ Estimated 47,000,000 registered voters

■ 44,009,069 registered voters – as of April 20,2009 ERB Hearing
■ 58,327 registration records cancelled by reason of death
■ 1,246,272 registration records deactivated
■ 80 provinces
■ 1,631 cities and municipalities
■ 320,415 established precincts (estimate)
■ 80,136 clustered precincts (estimate)
■ 37,884 polling centers (estimate)
■ 82,200 PCOS machines
■ 80,136 PCOS machines for distribution to clustered precincts
The automation of the 2010 elections is a massive transformational
exercise that will usher in a new era of credible elections.
■ To vote in an Automated Election System
■ Go to your voting precinct and check your name. Bring your voter’s
ID or any valid ID with your registration stub.
■ Present yourself to the Board of Election inspectors (BEI) to get a
ballot.
■ Listen to the BEI’s instructions on how to properly fill up the ballot
■ Receive the ballot. Make sure it is empty and unmarked on both sides.
■ Proceed to the voting area and fill up the ballot. Remember: DO NOT
OVERVOTE!
■ Take your ballot to the counting machine. Wait for the confirmation
message on the screen.
■ Return to the BEI for indelible inking.
MODERNIZED ELECTION
PROCESS
■ R.A. 8435 of the Election Automation Law, legislated in 1997,
mandates the use of automated election system in the country as early
as May 1998 elections. This system will comprise the use of
appropriate technology for voting and electronic decide to count and
canvass/consolidate results.

■ The law also provides for the following features of the automated
system: a) use of appropriate ballots; b) stand-alone machine which
will count, and consolidate election results; c) provision for audit
traits; d). minimum human intervention; and e). adequate safeguard
and security measures.
TRAINING FOR THE
YOUTH
Basic Concepts
■ Authority
■ Responsibility
■ Accountability
■ Integrity
Authority
Authority, control, influence
denote a power or right to direct
the actions or thoughts of
others. Authority is a power or
right, usually because of rank or
office, to issue commands and
to punish for violations: to
have authority over
subordinates.
 Responsibility
Responsibility means you do
the things you are supposed to
do and accept the results
of your actions.
A responsibility: something
you are expected to do.
Being responsible: doing the
things you are supposed to do.
Accepting responsibility:
taking the praise or the blame
for something you have done.
https://talkingtreebooks.com/teaching-resources-catalog/definitions/what-is-responsibility.html
 Accountability
Accountability. refers to an
obligation or willingness to
accept responsibility for one's
actions. ... When individuals
are accountable, they
understand and accept the
consequences of their actions
for the areas in which they
assume responsibility.

https://saylordotorg.github.io/text_focusing-on-organizational-change/s10-01-what-does-it-mean-to-be-accoun.html
 Integrity
Having integrity
means that you live in
accordance to your
deepest values, you're
honest with everyone, and
you always keep your
word. Integrity is a highly
valued trait, especially in
leaders.
https://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/integrity.htm
INTRODUCTION
■ Leadership is the premise
that the youth in their role as
nation builders must develop
leadership potentials such as
knowledge, skills and positive
attitude to ensure efficiency
and effectiveness in meeting
their goals and develop the
spirit and ethics of service for
the good others
 5 Sources of Power:
1. Coercive power
2. Reward power
3. Legitimate power
4. Expert power
5. Referent Power
NATURE OF LEADERSHIP
“Leaders are born…”

Agree?
 Good leaders are made not born.
■ If you have the desire and will power, you can
become an effective leader.
■ Good leader develop through a never – ending
process of self study, education, training and
experiences.
■ Leaders carry out this process by applying the
leadership attribute, such as beliefs, value , ethics,
character, knowledge , and skills.
■ To inspire your workers
into higher levels of
teamwork, there are
certain things you must
know and do.
■ This do not come
naturally, but are
acquired through
continual work and
study.
Characteristics of an Effective Leader
http://www.fivedegreesconsulting.com/resources/creating-the-21st-century-leader/
http://www.fivedegreesconsulting.com/resources/creating-the-21st-century-leader/
http://www.fivedegreesconsulting.com/resources/creating-the-21st-century-leader/
http://www.fivedegreesconsulting.com/resources/creating-the-21st-century-leader/
http://www.fivedegreesconsulting.com/resources/creating-the-21st-century-leader/
 st
21 century Leadership
WHAT ARE THE SKILLS TO
INFLUENCE CHANGE
Effective supervisors today are not afraid to admit
mistakes, and make sure they learn from these errors
because the team’s collective welfare is more valuable than
their ego. As a result, employees will have a better
understanding of what accountability means when it comes
to owning up to mistakes.

1. Accountability
 A strong leader in the 21st century is someone
willing to accept feedback regardless if it’s coming
from a co-superior or a regular employee. The
modern leader believes many heads are better than
one, and that he does not know everything.

2. Responding to Feedback
 The modern leader encourages employees to share
responsibilities and accountability in certain tasks. This
arrangement gives them a sense of ownership and
accomplishment in whatever it is they achieve. It also urges
employees to work together, not just for the task to be done,
but because they genuinely believe that this responsibility can
help the team move forward.

3. Facilitates Communication
A great leader always believes s/he still has room for
improvement, even if s/he already excels in performing
his responsibilities to employees. This leader never gets
tired of learning new principles and welcomes new
experiences as long as it helps improve his or her skills
and abilities.

4. Desire to Grow
 A 21st-century leader earns the complete trust of
employees by remaining transparent with them. S/he
knows that for employees to understand the whole
task, they must be provided with the bigger picture
and supplied all the details.

5. Promotes Transparency
 One of the key characteristics of a strong leader today
is the discipline not to micromanage employees. S/he
can do this because s/he’s not only confident in
delegating tasks to employees; s/he is also confident
that they can deliver with flying colors.

6. Effective Delegation
7. Breaking Down Hierarchical
Boundaries
A leader never allows differences in position or
seniority to hinder collaboration between
company employees. Strong leaders believe
that the opportunity to collaborate is more
important than position and seniority titles.
8. Firm Decision-Making
Today’s strong and responsible leaders are
absolutely confident with their professional skills
and knowledge. These bosses will see through
a particular directive until its completion. Of
course, if the instruction or initiative was a
mistake, these leaders are also willing to admit
them.
9. Ready to Serve
A strong leader places the interests of others
above his or hers. S/he believes that the
strength of a company lies in its loyal and skilled
employees, not just the management.
10. Open to Change
They are willing to adapt to the new trends and
be drivers of change in their industry. These
leaders remain optimistic that changing
processes can help the company continue to
thrive, even if that means scrapping
conventional methods.
8 Habits of Highly
Effective People

From the works of Stephen Covey

Habit #1
Be Proactive:
■ Students can either be proactive or reactive when it
comes to how they respond to certain things.
■ When you are reactive, you blame other people and
circumstances for obstacles or problems.
■ Being PROACTIVE means taking responsibility for
every aspect of your life.
■ Don’t wait something to happen, MAKE IT HAPPEN.
 Effective People Ineffective People

BE PROACTIVE BE REACTIVE

Proactive people take responsibility for their own Reactive people don’t take
lives. They determine the agendas they will responsibility for their own lives. They
follow and choose their response to what feel victimized, a product of
happens around them. circumstances, their past, and other
people.
They do not see as the creative force of
their lives.
 Which Language you Chose?
Reactive People Proactive People

⦿ There’s nothing I can do ⦿ Let’s look at our

alternatives.
⦿ That’s just the way I ⦿ I can choose a different
am. approach.
⦿ I Control my own feelings.
⦿ He makes me so mad. ⦿ I will choose an
⦿ I have to do that appropriate response.
⦿ I prefer
⦿ I must ⦿ I will.
 Circle of Influence
Things you circle of
can’t control
circle
of
influence

Things you can

control or change
concern

Focus on things you can

change or influence
Habit #2
Begin with the End in Mind:
■ This involves setting long-term goals. The students
will learn a lot about this by using their data
notebooks.
■ Students can set goals for different academic areas
and decide how they are going to reach these goals.
■ Begin with the End in Mind means developing a clear
picture of where you want to go with your life.
■ Deciding what your values are
■ Setting Goals
Habit #3
Put First Things First
Key Paradigm
“I will focus on importance instead
of urgency.”

■ Prioritize and do the most important things

first.
 Put First Things First

Importance
An activity is important if you personally find it
valuable, and if it contributes to your mission
values, and high-priority goals.
Urgency
An activity is urgent if you or others feel that it
requires immediate attention.
IMPORTANCE VS. URGENCY
⦿ Effective Management is putting first things
first
⦿ Urgent Matters are usually visible
⦿ Important Matters contribute to our mission
Habit #4 Think Win/Win
This goal will help strengthen our relationships
with our peers.
This goal helps to promote a win-win attitude.
Example: Both Holly and Sara need to use the computer to finish
an assignment, but there is only one computer available. Holly and
Sara decide that if they each use the computer for only ten
minutes, both of them can get their assignment done.
SIX PARADIGMS OF HUMAN
INTERACTION
Win-Win Win-Lose Lose-Win

Lose-Lose Win Win-Win or No-Deal

The 2 WINS
■ Competition can be very healthy. It drive you to
improve to reach and stretch but it becomes dark
when you use it as a way to place yourself above
others.
■ Comparing your self with others. This is cancerous
and will only lead to bad news. It will make us feel
inferior to others. The only thing you should compare
yourself to is your own potential.
What we DO NOW?

COOPETITION
 Think WIN/WIN
■ Win/Win is not a personality technique. It’s a total
paradigm of human interaction.
■ Win/Win seeks mutual benefits in all human interactions.
■ Win/Win means that agreements or solutions are mutually
beneficial.
■ Win/Win is the belief that it’s not your way or my way;
it’s a better way, a higher way.
■ It thrives in supportive systems.
Habit #5
Seek First to Understand, and then to be Understood
■ This will also help manage relationships among
peers. This will help to encourage students to
LISTEN to one another.
■ You need to understand other first before you start wanting
other to understand you.
■ Listen first, talk second.
■ Understand other will have a big effect on how you judge the
person.
■ Seeking First to Understand is only half of habit 5.
■ Seeking to Be Understood is way more challenging since it
require courage.
■ If you can understand other, then other will surely understand
you too.
Level of Listening
Ignoring Making no effort to listen
Pretend Listening Making believe or giving the appearance you
are listening
Selective Listening Hearing only the parts of the conversation
that interest you.
Attentive Listening Paying attention and focusing on what the
speaker says, and comparing that to your
own experiences.
Empathic Listening Listening and responding with both the heart
and mind to understand the speaker’s
words, intent and feelings.
Habit #6
Synergize
■ Synergizing or synergy is when we achieve
something with more than one person or in a group to
create a better solution.
■ Its not my way or your way it’s a better way to solve
or do something.
■ This goal will encourage students to work together.
We do a lot of task and activities, a lot of group work.
Students will learn that when they synergize and work
together they will accomplish more than could have
on their own.
Habit #7 Sharpen the Saw
■ This refers to balancing work and play. Everyone
needs time to relax and renew their energy.
■ This habit reminds students to take time to retreat
and engage in activities for fun!
■ You will be engage to a lot of errands, also take time
to sharpen the saw and reward ourselves for all of
our hard work!
YOU
 Habit 8: “Finding your voice and
helping others find theirs.”
■ “Voice” is the unique personal significance each of us offers,
and can bring to bear at work.
■ The 8th habit is all about moving from effectiveness to greatness
■ Finding our unique voice means fulfilling our innate potential.
■ Finding our voice, involves the four elements of a whole person:
mind, body, heart and spirit.
■ Mind = Vision
■ When the mind is fully developed we gain vision, the ability to
discern the highest potential in people, institutions, causes and
enterprises.
End of Lesson
Class Activity