ter -§ * Derermeic Fine AummadatDEM A DFA ie a tinite State Where toy each pair of Saree Md Input *ymmoe wre ie a unique Met Stakes fu: @20°O a Cems of OF DFAy Ae The DEA exhibit the followihg tive charecterttics HO finite ter of States “QQ? (FY On alphaber | 2 of pousible ‘npur Symbols, i) A Han sition stunction “4, SUA Yhat, $l) P) = y where, wy @ @ & Peg (fu The inticd stare 'g’ @Q ehh The ber OF fiat erates p? tohere, ff Ca. Machine, Orde Quintuple Specification oF DFA Formoly, A DFA 'M’ hog tive triptes M-> lo, $, b, 9/6) tohere, Q 1% Set OF Shateg gy oe OF Inpurs& is transition function BOX, @ % Is Anitial Stare age @ Eis Final state FeQ, Description of & OFA the Trantitiont OF DEA tan be yepresented using +ttansftion diagram or Transitiory Table, 2 WOO Biogas at &CPiAY=Q | then the cupowo goes trom the vatex which eorresponds 4o 4k fare p 4 he Vurten thot corresponds fo the State g tnbeled by Qa, a —v ) > Vronsition Tables Rows Coiresponds 40 Sate ani Colum CorEtpords fo inputs, @ntiies Corresponds 40 Next Soke +0 indicate the Hancition DFA H Extented -ttonsition ~Anction tor DEAT oo For DPA, M: Cos, § 2 /F) pthe function $ is ext extended ag biaygtsaOne is Aetined Recursively 4 fonoiws: ) FOr any Gat, aor Oy 84,09 Wie van “Kat PA Stakes tin the fame Stan, T whim it reads any empty String wry any Sate, 9 of @ a String MEL* ny A as the tase tymbd Of % Gnd AES S(t xa) - SUS ar) ,a) ale ¥ Io i b rege owen by Ot The language areptcd by DFA. Me (84) 8 air) is a seb oF An Bing on 2 attepted by M. Ke, Li) Hed atwrer ee A langunge 18 Said Ht bE retectedd by a DPA, ty. (5, 6,0,0). Such thet Lim): Swe 2 Maes re FO Of DEA Tht — basic Aign Starisice of OFA ts ab -folto ws: No undeltant hy languaye propertics for tohich the OFA hat Jo be Lotrowed YD Detamine apy Garee On Fequived 3) [dentify he tnitfed, Amepring and dena stat igOF DFA. ud For tach crate, Desig OD HHansition Jo be mye Teach character of thput Sting . 5) Obtain Mhe ttonsition table and +ansiton di agiam. &) Tet dhe pep Obtain on Short Strings, ® DEIN A OFA that areepes Seb ok at Strings “He Contain 8 of 4 and tnd in ao. SP toe are Yequired tp design q DEA thak acre pe oF QU Strings that tontaing ‘por 4) ana Nd with op. tu . Ulm) = } be, ibe, 80°, Olea, toe, 4 Wher, m io a trashing of BFA pote ¥ Haut, the rgyubad expressidn 1 b= (o+t) "00 Ms [®¢, b,46,F) what, Q- t%, 41,04 £ = fon} te Sey Peso) Ond f§ 44“Testing 20 shortut Sting eth we Wy theeving wheter WE E1610 1 aeeepted Mahod — Eid 1 Geuence diagram Inte, |g Store + 27% AV, Sinte, the fering wy Hine pth i ( o 0 7\ NZX, (44, May {ODO reached the Final sete te Q ele pted Method. pytend ed transition tunetion COA 8Cay ,Howe) <8 A050) , 10100) ~ tf 8 (2s 41); vo») > $US (101), 100)UE tag yt) 70°) Af a ae po) 78) = old trp) ayer Gente AKC tng We NOLO Reached dhe fal Skate 9, Hence, FE Te aerepted MORES Hash gunerion N (ae thot) ME 4, Lotoo) EM U4, 0100) EM ( 4,) too) 4M a ,00) EM (4,0) EM (2,8) ba, ce Since, The Gtling W= [OLOD Veached #AC Adal Shake g Henee , th Ts aeepted. Ui) theeviing ohether ws Gold tS rey eekeal Methods a Steuence diagram npus o © \ ° timer» 9. 704M » fA ae oy! Vay Wy, 7%,, Na, Sinte, the Sting we oolo ig net Veached Firat Sele 9,Henne, TE 1G rejeobed. Method 9 Extended “tansitton function b( 45,0010) > 8 ( £40). 010) > b( slay 0), 10) a Salar 1) 1) > 6 s(20)) Hence , it is rue Method 32 beth method Ml 40,0010) - M(%,0810) FM ay, 010). FM( 41, 10) tM t 1010) F aV¥er /)WD RESIN HOHE Automadan (WEA) TD IS automatn , for a given input Lyrnbal , here Can be More hon Oh +tronsition rom a State. Suth cuttomaton 1% coutedl NON deterministic Finite Automaton, Elenke OF NEA: A POD- cleterminktic sinite Automaton exhibite Thy Fonwing Hive thor oerenbucs: . % Finite set OF states ¢ 0) Do AN Alphabet € of oppocite Tpur symhoIs, The trangition unttion (8), eohith epecities the Podure Of transition of a fiven State due yp Fhe Topeeh symbols. ds the Witte stare 695), Co The Sek ot incl Stare tr). o $l ford) = PayQuueatin sb wags NEA forreeponds + Q Kind of Pr allelic in Qutomato re consis Of Same basic Medd co, Components Of DEA ier InPub tape, read head , Hoire conto}. wowever the transition functiin aoe POO’ than thy Mud Stake, for a given State input, te TS veguired to FUP as mMdependene internal Ste for each ef cuternatives. > NON~clererminigtie May be Viewed aS atyre a Poralel tomputation in ohich eevered procets arg Tunning tontunently. > Tt attest ome & Pee Prrcere ateepHe then she ENtITe tompuaticn AuboMrocicay anceps . &) Consider the Fsm Of Yhe fig. wobHy input String WW=Aa » Show tooreing 6f KFA fg Step by Step.Ez? We OG i a Fe i acepted eee 38 ‘VERE WDDeseinn af an wen ao “Wransitinn op MFA Can be Fepresen a able oy diagram. Tronsitlon ubit of eR bas rows Corres Pandieg W creates , which are Fepresented Within the biaces$ ANd columns Corresponding Yo the Inputs «The Coie, CONE pends ty peut States 40 indicate the tHansiviy 4 FA. “HONSIHIM Citaqram of NRA Says that) H 8(2,0)= it, sate Ap, ther hore twtll be an auc labened from 4 40 cach OF By Arya Dp « ThiS Mean Yhat id Were 18 path fabeted 'b tending tor tome 4 0 1) Ih there Ome paths bute g "ba? fror 2, +o tah of Dyn Op, Suppose, 84,0) =¢, tabaled ‘a? 1 rarsition diagram and ne “Fok visite Yip Hopaas Shake . Tr the athe Shorttnnd Notarion, Qedeed Qaronpne serthavon Foray, &@ Non Aetermini site tine Qubmatoo M ic A +ive tuple: Me(oae 45,8) tT where, f her there % Do are om Share Poth tobeled ‘ba’ pew to ast Matical inte $his i 0a & % 4 finite Seb OF chates b. £16 & Sh Imp SyMbors. @ & Ts co aransition function phe ks @ XL +5 pf0) where plod denotes the power eet of © ds %W 1S A Speciticany designed tnitial bebe @ FOG 1% a Set OF final seas fytended — titon furctlon £8 fer NFA KY — Gince IM She Case OL MPA, the Gast more fron one path eoresponds to a given input % in 27 bene tt ie required 48 test the Muttipte path to1Fe¢ ponding +o Hin order 40 decide whether x 1S accepted by WEA this 35 because, fy NFA W Accept t, abteast one path tomesponding to vis Tequived i) DFA. The Path Should gtart in she inital’ Sak. and end in final states where as in auc oF BFA, Sinre there exiete Cractty are path tonespondtig HX tn YH TS rough 40 tect tohether or nee Tht path Stott in the initial Stake and ents id OME Of Ane final States , io order to decide WheMer 4 1c cceepted by Q PFA ot nee. Quttton Lb Por a State q ad A gtting %, Slax), Te the wer oF Sates, that NFA ta teach whenUE yeoas dhe string H, ttarting at the State b Tm general) UPA MeN = detcrmDinistiouty gees hrugh & umber of States. trom bie sae Qe tt rage the Symbols fn the SHAG H.Thud fy Oh OFA ye (0)4)44, 4/6) the funceion ‘g fe Rttemded ag, £0 x£% es pla) dehined reeursively as fois FOr ony sake 4 of O- $4.0) = £4 and is “IS Means’ than an eA Shays in the faM+ steke g Why Te reads one tmpty Sting at Sate g. : 8a1u,) = For vay i gla) (py) Art) = Op a sty yy $C) that. Set of saree Hor Can be DFA OB ter Pending Hing Na Stig Ot Stabe 4) 1S We SOP Ctates 9 Con bre fy fending the Symbor q ater, Roding the. This | Means, Yeached byWetting X- Starting cu Stake 4. aceepted NFA Language Qteented by VER The tanguage aceepred by NFA, M for @ Sting ye is Renta Qs, LL =F x LE Cg, xD=P, Where p contains atleast any wmember of F lo UM =L xf anda FFs Br. This Mears hak He NFA acrepre The Strieg %, te ib can Yeach an attepting Gtake by Treading glating at 4he Initial State, Modu- § A ¥ tonvert the — quiormata 40 Table : a “GN e“Yoconsttuct Ake table dor. Ahe given FA and ther tOhether thy Strings Uy do) UH ony) CT) oi WwolD ‘ Us both Extention tron sition “ftunteinn ond tree SHrueture (mn Cre mece ped or rye? 8we w, sitio Table? Tarstivo “apse: id cheering wohetr woo 1S aceepted form. Exented angition Function: 8( 40,8) - } 4,4 ay A461) = ( ata) 11) = bhorth itd = Sl) Vb tay) = fahol a) 7 $40 )%} 840/081) = &C 449,01) 71) F bE ,4,4 1) “Sl Ub Cos) faho 4g © bao} Sa om) - 5 (84 ,01,1) aa, =h (fae 11) ———o © —CS™YS- ba} § 40 ,ouro) = d08t 4, owt) ©) ee * § lt 0) i bate) 8( 4% our) ing =} toi fny = “Line, S(upmo)np = s Honee be Teyeored. i Me ues grate, de ig Sold to | 1 | Ww Wy (dicey (aid S. Ginte, fe douph Pached ind sate 2 il Tefenbed . Y jie ee- . ti) theeting whether w= bof 15 Atcepting or nor. ertened Tgangtean Faneriony 8( 4%, 0) =f eat 8( 497 08) : S{b 14,0) yo) - $( $46,414 0) $(46)0) U dla, 8) : tei yolg ~ $%,4 “| Slt 001) = ¢( g(4»00) 1) = eu $»/41) 11) * bl4N) VU ttant) Sas utah > Pav aay Sltrjoo) ne = tas, ay nfat = Ut g ; nee, b(t oor ne +O, Heme ie % 40h d 40 be Ateepted. > We StrasburgStans te | 4 g---- 0 | 4 u a WA i tdi) Ww Cor eal vs ny Ar Uiy “. Ginte, iE reathd She fined State. tente, Pe is Cutt epted ~ ul) Cheoving whether W= ONO} 16 ace pting OF not. $l) = $00,n4 ${ 40,00) = § (840,011) = 8[ $4004 1) = bla uslann = fap ofa} = $40) te} §{ 40,041) = 8( bao ot) 1) ob ($40,424 1) = $a) v ler, 5 fas ug = feo}alt, ON) = 8 C( 0,611 ,1) = 8 43 1 = tah $4 old) = § ( b(4e out) = § (40) = bat ${a,buiot) = 8 sl 4, 0110) 1) is Sf 4.1) = Slav btn) = $4 vin oe 440/45 $( 29,0011) NF = Paatn fa S hd -. Sint j 1 &C4o, 01101) ng Fd, Hee Te 1 fald 40 be aneeptag. > THE Shygure: stores Inu % RE : oe o JN wm WY tee’ A vod 40 e--- J 4 tdie)ve it | Vo f y eee v ay Ar (aie) “Ginter it reached Janey Soke. Here, ib Fe Atcepted . WW) theevtng thither W=old ig Ateepting OF not. §( 440) = $404) | SC 40,01) = gf £1400) 1) m 8C $d) 1) ~blandu (441) = $4) vf) . {t/t} §{ ay, d10) = §{ §(40; 01) »0) ~ of fo, 014 ,0) = £ (40,0) U &la)») $4041} U ty = $4 try sb{ 40,010) NF = Eee) $0.21) Nay ~0 2 bintts bf ay dD) F = , Hence It S Laid te be arejected. > Tee Structure? wee Tops 4 t--- 0 v\ zee 4s 41 t- vy % a be p (are) ¢\ % 4 tate Lee) ciuinte, it doeen't reached tired Sar (ets Yajeeted yy + Deyn of WA's The basic: lesign strategy for ah pra BK femmes: Ne Understand he Language properties for which the WEA has to be design. , hed. & uterine the alphabet and stares OF Teenie| 3: ddenvity she initial, ateepting dead stares on | NEA - |W Obtain the transition to be made -r each Store on each Charaober OF “the npuk Stting STQW Je ta ngition fede ¢, diagram OF Henry OTe Re ER Obtaln on Short SHings, + Design ON NFA thot accepts: tb OF all strings Over Opt Hor hes atteast too: tondeeurtve 0's or gle, Lok =" WC are be. to Cetign an NFA that Odteps ek Of an Strips Der 01 hod fey atteawe tyro Conse Culiye o's or J's, SLES py 11 690, 100 2 ate T= (0411) *#on 4 pr) tour) * M= 10,4), Hert, Be fats, ae} Ze Sony 4 = fa) F=f “eg$0,404 L Sah Sth 6 $auh se thecving Whether = toorbl if aceepting or Noe. > Extended Trangirton Junttion: (40, toto) & & (4011) is to, 434 (40110) = a £C4,1),0) ~ &( $tocP 0) = $(40)0) u 3(4s,6) = $40, 2h vf oy ~ £40 ht S{ 0,0) ~ 4 400,10) 0) = ($4 th 0) © $4) v te) = $4,ahu tag © fae taal#4, to) © Ult(te wo = 884,904 0 , = ln) v dla u blo = fants vo Bu day ~ bay ay teh bla, loro) S af 84s 1001) ,0) - 5( $4041)228 , 0) > (400) v bl 40) v &f43,0) > $444 v bay} uv ¢ > $4, 24 b( 4%, 1010) & fy deytool) 1) > 8 ay .ay ts) 1) 7 Sto) v ea) v Slain) > fan} of gd uses} > $a, 48h 4%, Ivo) AF 5 $449,954 na, tv) oid p fare, FH Ortepted . or ;re & Se stetaes Sates Inpurs YN eas {\ uw fy t---0 ie \ Vee e vy t tr oI re "5 ‘i, Oo! /\ \ ane ay tesa lly oh - NS tary [aie cine, Fe Yeacked final grate. Aente, nS Areepted. UW) tohethey w= Idle is areapting & reiceting, &(foy1). = § 4434 §8l aj) = 14,43 $C 10) = §ecec 40,109 41) 7 §( $4,430 = $l 40)1) v 2 4ry)= fh, aru o (4,101) Sto, 434 | $( 4,10) NES 1,235 140,49} . . - i 40, 34 ~ Sinte, Te 9S rejected. TEC trae teases Som 14 beth i Do stan $e} So) S40, 4a) o = 6 _ binne, Ve duesn’t Weached final Stake. nerve, je fs yejethed.REE with € moves The MFA that responds 18 any empty Shing "© ahd moves to ye next Stage #S cated FR With E moves. Altenatively, @ finite Quéomota “thot ie Modified t pemIE +ronsitons without inpers £4mbol and why, SUD, one er more HransiHOns or Input symbas is AN NFA with & ~moves( WEA -€). Cletrents "ot ue AN NFA with E moves EUnthIFs the -folmeing five Choracertstices As pintte set OF Sates @. BAN lphabet # of possitote input sgmbors, C+ “the “transition ~function! $) ¢peertieg the Aohwe Of the tHansitinn ad a given Stare due WH Yhe input symiois inetuding &, | d- the tnitial state %, t. “the Sek OF final states fp). tpwation’ tn PER « bonsider the FSM OF the fig below with whe jingu Sting Wad, Show KE intemal) tooreing & FA with Step hy Step. GO O26)st eiven FSM is OOLOO biven String ig w=-an pitial Step Yaya BOOSH es (@) Seep 2 AY Reading Symbol > . v SPL) Bead head doesnte move OOL@°@ Seep23 Receding symbol A ‘ HU Agree Treading he symbol 0785650 ay SIN, he guromoton reach Une ined Stare 43, she Latin g =a WS aceepted. Ordered Quintup le Speci tilasion, of_NWFA- A-€ Finasty | an ven with b~ tore is 4 4tive Jule: wen —é - (@, 4, A sto i)” Whee, © ix a finie Set OF steed 216 cet oF Input Symbos, & 18 transition pune ton 8 @r(4ut)~> ply Fol & IS Whe initial stare FOR it the Set OF tinal State. Transitions of WEA-€ With Tetpeck to an WA, there eatshs tao tronsitions; geo transitions: “Pronsitons hou dare plate witheut Yeading any input symbols ar Caned €~ transitions, ‘Vin a State g a transition tog state 9h it POSSIbIC ~Hher tohenevey the Automaton reathes States 4 in Q Computation , 1k can imme diakely proveed 49 Hate 9! without Fading Any further input , YON b- trapsitions: “tansivion’ “that dane plare with “he feoding OF Wp Symbors . Oesorptton of an WFh-€ : “the Hronsitfone of MFA -€ tan he yepresented by using 4rontition table 4rd diagram, creintition “Fable O WFA-€ bas rows Correspentiy say ttayet, Which axe represented within brates $f, and tolumn’ Cotesponding +0 puts . Also ther paises an adtitinal Folumn which gives the set1. tt ql stares Feowhahle, #0 4 by an (= transifoh eqran sition fiegiain; Tt has woo Hp label: noo—& transition taels at dL A,a) = Sep CY AOD these will he arc Iopaled ‘a’ trom 4 to ath 0 1,--- te ¢ — transitfon tabud ae bale (ep Fey then there wilt PE an ate jodeted “strom 9 to eath Of 2) --- Te ‘ptceprance ot stings | by, WE NFA A string’ is taid “P be abit by the Fhe, “E adleast one path exist Shak starte ab the Spittal Gare and ends iS tne OF he final sake the path formed tpntains datt Wilh transition’ trom b-trantiHons oF pons & transitions. Gn order to “identify aul frees IN’ the actual pad, Mat are formed with t- transitions; the concept of te -Upeure? Fs used: © tees & — chouere for A steute ye the Sth Of states Teathable from the State, toithout reading Any Sy!) b—crosare of a ven Stare tat 7s detined as he Seb of ay States OF Qutdmala , thor Can b¢ Veached trom 4 th A path labuted by &VW General if p 7s the power Set ot A, then Pe b_crosure tp) ; Pode of a, MH ee Cechrguelp) then bl 4;¢) < ¢-closure, Extended Transition -funetivn for WEA -& ‘ . Benpiton ge. & FOr State g and Stig %, $4) 15, Yhe Ste y OF Makes Of WEA-C Which it Can rach when’ FeadsS the String W, Starting ot Stabe? ,In other word’ » Por detcminseuty y iF go through 4 Number Of letes fiom the State ¢ as Srreads te. Lymbol In the string v. Thus for WEA ~& CtithM) the function § 1 txtended a5 , , | 8, ax shiy pla) and is reeursively detind a8 fotos: A. Por any glare 9 of O b(4,Q= &— closer (1a) this means , She determinishe ok cer of dl dings States thar are Teachapte 40 Jom dates | tg) guith ‘C? as inpae Symbal is possile.pe FOF Any Shake 4 of Q, Any Sting YE LT ipi, tg as the last Symbol oF X And a Eg) oe [ene € —ctoswe (V -tor tery Ping bCeas) or 80270) © ¢ —etosur (Up & ba,x)+ tep.a)) “This mMears Hhak WE, %a) FS Obtained by first finding the Sates erthat can be reached fom t by reading XA etary) then find trom each of thot states Which tan Kache d trom Pp by reading QO, ore found, and tinatty t-closue by tabting the closure pt bf P)2) And bead. a PD Senguage 3s attepred by WEP—e My, fra String % With a Stake 400. if and onty i £(40,%) Contains Atleast onee ALtepting State, Tn other Lords, WFA-© or a given Sting us dened as Ulm) = ; UY blo) =P, Whee P tonton atleast oC alas neh ttm) =} xf Wear tot Wis means, Om WFA~E accepis the sstting ¥y a it Can rewh Qf Accepting Stare of seadng X, Starting A She inithal Stare,SB Find “the 6 Cfpaure for the foumming table; TW tompule ¢- Upswe? & ttouure (444g) <4AF, (0 BL to,6) = SD) @-ebsure Chay) Aap: eye) = %) prance @ etouwn(4ayh) > PtH© closure (444) eda} 6146) = 4) ¢ ~Cbpsere tad) Sati] (+) (46) =t) t= eure (£44) 2 £4 rn} *-ebosie (44,4) - {ah (bea, =o} oe Setestoet taut) fo) HANG ¢ -etosurel 9,4) « £40,444 F-chsurel fad) = fa, ay) P-chswrel fay) © fa,3 "4Chapter- 3 Enualent sirdve Mate auteroaien ‘Wo fi Qeppmato M1 tM, are Guolenn | Wand ony jt Em) = ums). re mg my ANH OF Veragni Ze Hhe Lae Language . Convertion Alvorith for wen vr MFA & 40 DFA ANS WO DR a dubber i i Eubt® fonstruetivny algovittm A) tonstwet the Mart Make 9! or fai, tonsitting OF 4% ay the Wares Of PA hab con be reathed tom 4 by Ont oF Stvéral & rantitions. More Qe Os Un Finished. Dd tohile they art unfinished Sater , UW) Toke an Unfinished tare § Uh Por eath ae $y (Wh b(4,a) - Uaeait eet! FE S(ta) ie Neither din ished nor Untin’ shed WOE then mark bf5)0) ind Unfinished . Wi Mar gay Ainished . ©) Mone alt the flakes thot tontains a tinal State trom WM as the tinal Stare of Ae DO. tote! Th the Hansition table, Unfinished Lakes ae k ” gyHose WhO Yorot Are incompere ond sinished dtoreL AYE those whole rows are complete. & For an UPR with of States, the OPA Gn have oo” States. Rut te 1S ot Necessary fo Construey & For an these 9" stares, Te can he constructed | poly or “those states which are Peachy tom Abe Weed Gate This Te beoause He the interecet DFA, i “only in Constructing the equodent A) Conetrust & DPA equadent fo Whe WER tiven, RD a) gel . . Ws; No of Gates in MEA Key Ney of poldtnie States Tn OA - y= Q*ay Concider 4») In = $4) & unfinishedProcens {ah (Laie = dnt sta = tad Petes { eek 844040) = 6a.0) £{%,0) = y4,04 vg &(3m9,3 ”) : Provas $n} 8(41,0 = ¢ 9,0 = bead preees Yo} #(d,0) ~9 8(e, Ne ¢ fae, uh ; (te) velo ' ~ fer ofa = $44 o ta). $4}. fay Be S04] S444 | Layee o Layay fp SS unfinine © “4 7 Med Ty Ly 6 440,94 {4%} >F So, ay por ¢ veHert, M{ 04) 4 iP). whut, 9 [fas y {tote | "e £ = $ on BM > + ay) . F ={ { %) Uh j Say “ Ginte, ie 3S Deh.PS tonsrucion of ofA tqualinr + WEA With “TW obtain the DFA tom the fiven fOFA-¢ dubset Contre bis aulprittin iG Used’, : We fottowiny foink, are typ be Mored for &- rancitipng. w Start Habe ty, tonsises of btort State Ue & ay : States reachable tom % by &- boneitions. uy For any Atte proveting @ , add, an transitions tom ®@ , reathaie with @, NConstuct the pew Cqualent ty NEA Givens Neo of Gate) in FA = 3S 86, no OF Possible States NDF = Y>Lgeonsider 29, w= }t, ah process $404 3{ $4404 ,0) = 8(t0,0) U 843.0) = bug =o t( $40,405,1) = &(46,9) v L411) = shu g = fu} press {0 (0) 2g &(bi) = th Proeas {ai &{ 4) > t 4) bland = 244trocess faa} 84,0) : b &(%,1) =g i 7k my {4440036 840 fod} f = fon, | ) = £0) € - § tr)equivalery, of of WEA with € WW WA ino it TWO -fimre a Ne and 0 Sq id equivalent WW ond only HE LW) = Ltn) Cope OF WoAA talHy fc, WPA. Fo obtain wrA NN tom NFA With & Ne Uimination b= traneitiyns tor A given Qutomala ‘is required: but Simptg Uiminoting t= tronsitions from: Ne wil Charge’ the lanquoge accepted by the AtomatA. “thus &—tiansiton$ are Uliminosed by then Some Non &-trantition§ Should be added 95 Gubgtibures, Invcler #0 pryaintain Mt tanguage acceptance by he Auttmsta, hence the procedure to transfer We #0 Tequnres finding the Non ~€ transitions 0, be adsed “ap austornaton , for every -transtinn J is Ulminated ,Voy © (0.4, 6th) and mr (oy2!, Chae), eae a yl Ue ,a)-e ctesure fee ctoewere (4,09) and bp . pre {Poth ina Closure (Re) Contains a Member oF f FTF otherwise ND tonetrucs wen = eee Compurme closures 6 - Upture of f4o}t ¢-chocure 440} ¢ fa} @~ cosure FI} co Pte, try #- clot} OF Of, A,0f wb ~ ehosure of Says 140,47? 6 -clocwe of faht @-coowe of fas 4 taiys 6 -clogure of St) S £4, rys. E-closure oF fy = tai a4 @-ctasurc of fa} t-ctoture $a4 oC fayy . &-ctosure of Salk! fo} Wo compure Fl: Fi- FOfey tb -ctoture (2) Contains =e Shh olny @ final Stabe member) = $2924 ‘ E(t ad= ¢ ~ closure ( § (.¢-ctosure (0 OP = & -closure ( 8( $44 41004 )2)) = E-chssure (tL 20,a) v bly) 05(4/2)) > ¢ -cosuré (443 og ug) . ae = $45,949 . $'(9p1b) - t-cincure( § ( ¢-chsuref $4649, b)) = ttmure (440,425, b)) * -ehosur ef ny §(%yb) y 416) : €Upsure ( gv sau 6) * b-thosure (Lay) A LjDY84,0) S ee ole closure 0403), )) >t tloscere f li gepaett 1¢)) = Go ehsure tg bap uejoutina) : E-Chesure $44) = fa) §(a,9) . Co esurel t(e-cesureltnt) ,2)) - Felosure (8 $4,4,4) a) = E-thasure( kM terad v dtaa@)) = E-Unsure tg). =o 8 (Aub) = &-chosuel ECe-etosure(t 8) »)) = E- tlosure fg ( (fy 444) ) = Ethosurel tt) ,4) 014, )) =+t “Closure (SA ) £ $44) la O= €- choscaref §(&-Cbosure (4 tA ),0) = F-eosure ( § (f4),0,3 9 ) = &-Csurel §iangy Udt4r cy) - t- Closure 49,9) ar arBiter) = &-ctesure( §(e-crosuref $954), 0)) = ¢ -tnsure $ ( 14 ,a)) E [try b) = @-ttesure (8 e-clocure f 413) ,5)) = @-ttosure [80 6923 ,b)) Bf t:c) = ¢-crsure ( & (@-ttasurc? $493), 0), = t-ctosure ( £ ($454 ,t)) S tH Now, -Hangltion tedste IMinimal ora eo ~ A DFA is Minimal, if, and only H “TAR FS Gobet are reachable fom the Start. Alt fre States Ore —detfaguichodote inintrgani rth for DPA Minioization _algonihm “Or tM fad, 8 4,6) be a OFA thak Ateepts Q tanguage then she fouwrwing algorithm pro lut dhe PRA, that has the Stmoutest Mo of drotes arong at the DPA ~thot ctcepls b+ eepsts Ddentity AN unreachable ay Incocersablt Stokes and Omingte them -fom BRP-step?! Identity alt indi Stinguthabl erases, om fre BFP And merge them on to form o ppp wilh Amoltest. Ad of bakes eep:3 Construct & Den from 1 ~final - grep END- fe Minimize the OPA given a gpl SES given 16 BEA and 45 bloke 16 Unrtachtdle Mate hente — eliminate it. SED th =. (60-6) M = (faa b 4o4nn4) WY ey SU t=( 443,95 lt0}4y493) foviton Gonsider £44404 np 0: chp A §( 0) = 4 “Slaw ae €(4110) = % £41) =F Slop) -g d {toi =tyWea [s $aV4, {a hy by) , Merging range sas 10 form BFA. PENG GT"Equivaterny oF 400 Auromata? TWH autbmatas MO & Mr Are equivater if both &4,w) 410m machine m and (ae) trom m1 belongs + fina} State or, both of Hen in on fined State Ap wes, So THEE States art Said to ‘be equoalent. Equivatency of -ho0 Automata fonow. the are Conditions below: 4) Two FAS ovy £ are equivalent if “they _Aaltepts the Same tet of Strings over $, ") Wh tard FA's art not guath equivalent there exist Some String uw) over‘) for cohich OPE Automata yeachs a tinal tae on w Whur QS the Other reoohes & MoN-final State, 4) Find whether the following tod arttomatots ate Caulvcdert oY Dok- ‘ ()%)"OB : @)qurrunt: brakes (mit) [ 0,2¢) (4,41) (44)2!) (43,4!) (45,21) Ch, %') (4,41) | pas, ai) Cu) 2') tty, 4) (44%!) (20145! J ta) 0') | eay.ait) (43145!) (44 ,4,') (4,41) (44,434) Sintt, OM ~tansitions wwe got Kot tinal States OF NoN~finel stekes , {00 qutomabs are tautvolent .