API 510 (11,24)Jan 2022 Closed Book

1- For the external inspection of an insulated vessel, where the removal of insulation a wet
service the condition of the insulation system shell be observed at lease every:
A: 6 Year.
B: 1 Year.
C: 5 Year.
D 10 Year.
REF –API-510 (6.3.1)
2- Repair of a pressure vessel that comply with ASME code section viii Division 2 required The
appropriate of a:
A: Pressure vessel inspector .
B: Pressure vessel Engineer.
C: Pressure vessel Engineer and a corrosion specialist .
D: Pressure vessel Engineer and a Pressure vessel inspector.
REF- API – 510 (8.1.2)
3- Except under insulation, which of the following is the lowest temperature Which
atmospheric corrosion would not be expect to occur:
A: 120 F ( 49 C )
B: 125 F ( 52 C )
C: 250 F ( 121 C )
D: 300 F ( 149 C )
REF- API – 571- Atmospheric corrosion (4.3.2.3 f)
4- What is the maximum interval of visual on stream inspection of pressure relieving device:
A: Every Turnaround
B: 3 Year
C: 5 Year
D: 10 Year
REF-API -510 (6.3)
5- When should temporary repair be removed and replaced with suitable requirements.
A: The next time the unit is shut down
B: At the next available maintenance opportunity
C: If the vessel is re rated to a higher pressure or operating temperature
D: when performing alteration that may affect the integrity of the repair
REF-API-510 ( 8.1.6.1.1) Topic temporary repair
6- Before starting any vessel inspection and maintenance activities, Personal should Action
perform to work in the vicinity from:
A: The facility supervisor for which the vessel is located
B: pressure vessel engineer
C: The operating personal responsible for the pressure vessel
D: the maintenance foreman in charge of the process unit
REF-API - 510 (5.3.3)
7- Corrosion is suspected under beneath refectory lining the refectory can be removed to allow further
inspection or ?
A: Ultrasonic thickness scanning may be made from external metal surface
B: Profile radiography of the metal surface is a good alternative
C: Hammer testing may be used to indicate the metal thickness
D: A through visual inspection is considered sufficient
REF-API-572 (9.4.7)
8- Above which temperature would a correction adjustment typically be applied when measuring the
ultrasonically.
A: 100 F ( 38 C)
B: 150 F (65 C )
C: 212 F (100 C)
D: 300 F ( 149 C)
REF-API – 510 (5.7.2.4)
9- The pressure gauge installed for convenience in the hydrostatic testing of a vertical pressure
vessel the s 125 FT ( 38100 mm) in overall length. The first is the top of the vessel 45 FT
( 13716mm) from the top and read 169.5 PSIg ( 1168 MPA) The third is 100 FT (30480mm)
From the top end read 193.3 PSI ( 1.334 MPA ) What is the pressure of top.
( 1ft of water = o.433 PSI ( 1000 mm of water = 0.00981 MPA ).
A: 140 psig (0.96 MPa)
B: 150 psig (1.03 MPa)
C: 189 psig (1.03 MPa)
D 204 psig (1.40 MPa)
10- when a deferral of inspection due date is necessary for equipment with RBI interval risk assessment
should be update to determine:
A: If additional inspection will be needed at the new inspection date
B: The next inspection interval
C: The change in risk that may exist by not doing the planned inspection
D: Mitigation steps necessary to avoid additional damage
REF-API – 510 ( 6.7) Para 3
11- When conducting internal inspection if the lining appear damage or corroded the following should be
performed:
A: Internal PT examination should be applied to determine what type of corrosion occur under
in lining
B: External WFMT examination technique shell be used to inspect the condition of the base
metal
C: Remove small portion of the lining to investigate the condition of the lining and the vessel
surface beneath
D: Install additional lining material over existing damage lining
 12- Welding scattered pit in the shell of the pressure vessel may be ignore if three condition are meet.
Which of the following is one of these condition:
A. No pit depth is greater than one half of the vessel wall thickness including the corrosion
allowance
B. The total area of pit deeper than the corrosion allowance does not exceed 7in² ( 45.2 cm²)
within any 8in² (20.32 cm ) diameter circle
C. The sum of the pit diameter along any straight line with in 8in diameter (20.32 cm ) circle
does not exceed 5in (12.70 cm)
A. The vessel is remaining life more the ten year.
REF-API- 510 (7.4.3)
13- A pressure relief valve remove from service for shop overhaul has been tested to determine the as
received Pop pressure . The initial Pop pressure is higher the ( CDTP ). The next inspection should
be to:

A: Recalibrate the test gauge

B: declared the test failed
C: test the valve second time
D: modify the service interval
REF-API-576-(6.2.9.2)
14- Weld and heat affected zone are often inspected for:
A: Hydrogen Blistering
B: Corrosion
C: Temper Embrittlement
D: Graphitization
REF-API-510-5.10
15- A vessel is inspected after a four year of service and the thinnest part of the shell is found to be 1.360
in (34.5 mm). if the original thickness was 1.438in (35.5 mm) and the minimum required thickness is
1.232in (31.3 mm) what thickness of material is available for the remaining corrosion allowance:

A: 0.064in ( 1.6 mm )
B: 0.078in ( 2.0mm )
C: 0.128in ( 3.2 mm ) remaining CA =Ta-Tr
D: 0.206in ( 5.2 mm )
REF-API-510 (7.2.1)

16- Liquid penetrate examination on both side of a furnished single v weld can detect all of the following

A: cold shut
B: surface crack
C: surface porosity
D: under bead crack
REF-ASME V ( T-620 )
17- A pressure vessel is deeply corroded but not through its wall. A full circumferential band is intended to
serve as a temporary repair. The repair band material is not suitable for direct contact with the
contained fluid. Is this repair acceptable:
A: yes if an appropriate corrosion allowance is provided
B: No under any circumstance
C: yes as long as it is replaced in the next schedule turnaround
D: No, unless it is approved and documented by a pressure vessel engineer and the
authorized pressure vessel inspector.
REF-API-510 (8.1.6.1.4)
18- Corrective action for a welding nonconformance upon:
A: The nature of the non-conformance and its impact on the properties of the weldment
B: The quality control system in use at the facility
C: weather the defect are crack-like consist primary or rounded indication
D: weather the defect could cause equipment failure or leaks
REF-API-577 (4.5)
19- With carbon and low alloy steel material CUI is usually in the Form of:
A: localized corrosion
B: Stress corrosion cracking
C: Microbiological induced corrosion
D: Galvanized corrosion
REF- API 571 (4.3.3.5 ) API 510 5.5.6.2
20- Brittle fracture of a component is directly related to:
A: Material toughness
B: Number of thermal cycle
C: Tensile strength
D: long term overstressing
REF-API-571() API 577 10.4.4
21- Rapture disk might suitable be used:
A: when the discharge from valve must be applied remote point
B: To protect the upstream side of a pressure relief valve against corrosion
C: in an incompressible service where quick blow down is needed
D: on stream boiler drum and super heater
REF- API – 576 ( 4.10 )
22- HCL is most often associated with :
A: High temperature corrosion
B: Dew point corrosion
C: Near surface blisters in carbon steel
D: Pitting attack in nickel base alloy
REF- API - 571 ( 5.1.1.4.1)
 23- A person responsible for determining if a hydrostatic test must be performed after repairing pressure
vessel is the:

A: Pressure vessel engineer

B: Owner/user
C: “R” stamp holder
D: API authorized inspector
REF- API – 510 (5.8.2.2)(5.8.2.1)
24-Spring in pressure relief valves typically failed:

A: Tensile over load

B: Creep
C: Erosion
D: corrosion
REF- API – 576 ( 5.3 )
25- rerating a vessel shell be in accordance with the requirement of the :
A: Engineer
B: construction code
C corrosion specialist
D: fitness for service calculation
REF- API - 510 ( 8.2 )
26- POP testing as a received condition or pressure relief valve in acid, caustic, toxic service can be
accomplished by what method:
A: using the lifting leaver on the valve while under nitrogen pressure prior to removed
B: carefully removing a solid fouling material that may affect the POP pressure
C: utilizing a test stand but onsite in the area where the valve is installed
D: lightly cleaning the valve with water prior testing
REF_API – 576
27- After being in service for 5 year a 14ft. (4.267 mm) (seam to seam) vertical vessel has a measured
thickness of 0.82in.(20.8 mm) over the entire length of the cylindrical shell. the measure inside diameter is
38.13 in. ( 968.5 mm). the material of construction was originally 0.875in .( 22.2mm) thick with an allowable
stress of 17500 psi( 120.6 MPa) was fully radiographed and was design for a pressure of 600psi(4.13MPa),
including static head.
Assuming a corrosion rate of 0.018 in/yr.(0.4572 mm/yr) and a required thickness of 0.545in.
(13.8 mm), what is the interval for the next internal inspection.
A: 7.6 YEAR
B: 9.1 YEAR
C: 10 YEAR
REF-API – 510 ( CHAP 7 )
28- A new replacement vessels maximum allowable working pressure is 150 psig (1.03 MPa )at 300F(149C)
the allowable stress is the same at this temperature as the hydrostatic test Temperature . the operating
pressure is 140psig ( 0.96MPa).the minimum design metal temperature is 20F (-6.6C ).the appropriate post
fabrication hydrostatic test pressure is:
A: 128 psig ( 1.25 MPa )
B: 195 psig (1.34MPa)
C 210 psig (1.44 MPa)
D: 225 psig (1.55 MPa)
REF- API -510 (5.8.3.1)

29- Before a hydrostatic pressure test it is most important to:

A: Consider the design of the supporting structure
B: rope of the perimeter of the vessel at the distance of 25ft
C: perform a preliminary examination for leaks at 110% of design pressure
D: perform additional nondestructive examination to ensure that there is no brittle fracture
REF- API – 510 ( 5.8.5.1 )
30- what is the remaining life of a vessel corroding at a rate of 0.017in (0.432 mm ) a year When the next
inspection measurement was 0.638in ( 16.205 mm ) and the minimum required thickness is 0.513
in(13.030mm).
A: 3.67 year
B: 7.35 year
C: 10 year
D: 14.7 year
CR= 0.017 , Ta= 0.638, Tr= 0.513
REF – API – 510 (CHAP 7)
FORMULA RL=ta-tr/cr
31- The installation of a fillet weld patch on the exterior of a pressure vessel shell in most cases require that
A: shell material is free of defects using magnetic particle testing
B: rerating name plate is correctly stamped and install
C: now fillet weld patch plate not be installed on top of existing fillet welded patch.
D: efficiency of the attachment weld is identical to that of the original fabrication
REF- API-510 ( 8.1.6.1.2.3)
32-Design temperature , per API 510 is used for:
A: the maximum temperature expected during the lifetime of the pressure vessel
B: the temperature used in the code calculation of the pressure vessel
C: the average temperature of the process fluid through the vessel
D: the higher of the inlet and outlet process temperature

REF – API – 510 ( 3.1.26)

33- pressure vessel engineer should be regarded as:
A: A person who is responsible for rerating and repair of pressure vessel
B: A person who design and oversees fabrication of pressure vessel before they are placed in
service
C: A person who has knowledge and experience in corrosion damage mechanism, metallurgy
material selection and corrosion monitoring program.
D: A person who , through consultation with other is a composite of all entities needed to asses
technical requirements for pressure vessel.
REF- API -510 ( 3.1.57)
`34-The ability of a metal to absorb energy and deform plasticity before fracturing is known as:
A ductile-to-brittle transition
B plasticity
C Tensile strength
D Toughness
REF-API-577 (10.4.5)

35- MAWP for cylindrically shell of pressure vessel under determine by :

A API 510
B ASME SA516
C ASME Section II, Part D.
D ASME Section VIII, Subsection C.
REF-API-510 ( 7.3)
36-The inspector needs to replace a nozzle on a vessel that is in-service. The design of the replacement
nozzle shall employ what strength factor?
A The same allowable stress criteria as used for the vessel design
B Two third of the yield strength specified in the ASME Code
C The allowable stress in the current edition of the construction code
D One quarter of the maximum tensile strength specified in the ASME Code
REF-API-510(8.1.4)
37- Important information for probability of failure assessment for risk-based inspection(RBI) will check the
A Equipment failure data
B likelihood of an ignition source
C probability of rupture verses leak
D probability of experiencing extended downtime
REF-API-510 (5.2.2) last line
38 - As a minimum an, ultrasonic instrument should be checked with a calibration standard at all of the
following time except
A when the ambient temperature changes
B when malfunctioning equipment is suspected
C at the beginning and end of each examination
D When examination personal are changed.
REF-ASME section 577 (9.9.3.1)
39- When planning pressure vessel internal inspection, the first step is to
A review the previous record of the vessel to be inspected
B review the likelihood of damage mechanism
C ensure that an authorized inspector is available
D ensure that an entry permits are in place

REF-API-510 (5.3.5)

40- what is one advantage of internal rotary UT over electromagnetic inspection method for tube inspection
of heat exchanger bundles?
A Rotary UTs will generally provide the most quantitative information
B electromagnetic methods typically require more technician knowledge and skill
C electromagnetic method are slower than rotary UT method and thereby cost more
D Rotary UTs generally do not need as through bundle cleaning as electromagnetic methods

REF-API-572(9.1)

41- The two most important alloying elements for prevention of high-temperature hydrogen attack at
A manganese and nickel
B chromium and molybdenum REF-API-571 (5.1.3.1.6)
C nickel and chromium
D carbon and molybdenum
42- What is the term used to describe ac condition that will designate reject ability of a weld
A Defect
B Blemish
C Flaw
D Discontinuity
REF-API-510 (3.1.15)
43- During repairs of alteration of pressure vessel, the inspector shall verify that all new materials are
A consistent with specification
B in conformance with API 577
C subjected to 100% verification checking
D examine in accordance with API 578
REF-API – 510 (5.9.1)
44- All of the followings are suitable for determining the thickness of a part except
A Ultrasonic shear wave
B profile radiography
C Ultrasonic beam wave NOTE:STRAIGHT BEAM TECH, ARE USED FOR THICKNESS ,SHEAR OR
ANGLE BEAM TECH, ARE USED FOR WELD DISCOUNTINITY.
D Ultrasonic “A” scan
REF-API-510 ( 5.7.2.1 A) API 577,9.9
45 -The next inspection interval for vessels in corrosive service should be determine by calculating the
remaining life of
A The shell and heads
B The interval components
C All nozzles
D The limiting components
REF-API-510 (5.6.2)
46- According to API 510 how many thickness measurement should be taken on a pressure vessel during
internal or on stream inspection
A A representative number that will establish areas of corrosion
B at least one on each nozzle and two on each head and shell section
C at least one adjacent to each girth weld
D four point on the shell, one on each head and one on all major nozzle
REF-API-510 (5.6.2.1)
47- The methodology for radiographic examination of welded joints can be found in
A ASME, Section 8, DIV.1
B ASME, Section IX
C ASME, Section V
D API 510, Section 5
REF-ASME SECTION V ( T 270 )

48- The minimum required shell thickness for a 50 psig (345kPa) pressure vessel for a given material without
corrosion allowance is based on

allowable stress relief valve setting pressure loading international pressure

number of stiffening ring diameter
Drag and drop all that apply
UG-27-ASMEVIII-DIV.1
49- An inspector potential task prior to welding include all of the following
A identifying and clarifying inconsistencies with standards codes and specification requirements
B identifying and clarifying missing details and information
C identifying and clarifying missing weld sizes, dimensions, tests, and any additional
requirements
D revising the weld design based on knowledge of anticipated problems
REF-API-577 ( 4.2.1)
50- The API inspector shall
A be directly involved in field inspection activities
B NDE examiners hired to take measurements and conduct tests
C maintain certification records of examiners
D enter all inspection data in to the record system
REF-API-510 (4.4)
51- API 510 allows a statistical analysis of ultrasonic thickness data to assess Creep damage
A. Vessel with random but significant localized corrosion
B. The number of condition monitoring locations (CMLs) required
C Corrosion rates and remaining life
REF-API-510 (5.6.2.1)
52- While performing a magnetic particle examination, the best result are achieved when the lines of flux
A. At 45 to the discontinuity
B. Parallel to the discontinuity
C. Created around the discontinuity
D. Perpendicular to the discontinuity
REF-ASME SECTION V (T-772) PAGE - 179
53- Weld buildup for purpose of the restoring base metal thickness involves the use of weld metal having
A. The same P number as that of base metal
B. Similar composition to that of base metal
C. A higher carbon equivalent to that of base metal
D. Identical F number and A number as the base metal
REF-API ?
54- when performing a weld repair on a section of stainless steel weld overlay on is carbon steel vessel the
hydrogen service, which of the following is most important
A. Magnetic particle testing of overlay
B. Brinell hardness testing of overlay
C. Outgassing of base metal
D. Impact testing of base metal
REF-API-510 (8.1.6.4.3)A
55- Accessible flange face should be inspected to determine
A. Metal specification
B. Correct dimensions
C. Environmental cracking
D. Gasket seating surface condition
REF-API-510 ( 5.11.2)
56 - A primary goal of the internal inspection is to
A. Evaluate the condition of protective scale within equipment
B. Identify deposits or buildup that could replace equipment effectiveness
C. Confirm that trays, bubble caps, or other internals are functioning appropriately
D. Find damage that cannot found by regular monitoring of external CMLs during on stream inspection
REE-API- 510 ( 5.2.2.1) PARA 2
57- A new pressure vessel corrosion rates to be based on the following measurement taken from a similar
vessel after 6 years of the same service:
Item Original thickness Measured thickness
Shell 1.5in. (38.10mm) 1.430in.(36.32mm)
CR .012
Top head 1.25in.(31.75mm ) 1.173in(29.79mm)
CR .0128
Bottom head 1.50in.(38.10mm) 1.434in.(36.42mm)
CR 0.011
Nozzle 1 0.875in.(22.23mm) 0.700in.(17.78mm)
CR 0.029
Nozzle 2 0.3125in.(7.94mm) 0.250in.(6.35mm)
CR 0.0104
Nozzle 3 0.6785in.(17.46mm) 0.622in.(15.80mm)
CR 0.00941

The controlling corrosion rate that will determine the inspection interval is.
A. 0.012 in/yr (0.297 mm/yr)
B. 0.029 in/yr (0.742 mm/yr)
C. 0.128 in/yr (3.251 mm/yr)
D. 0.292 in/yr (7.417 mm/yr)
REF-API- 510 ( 7.2) ?
*CAUSTION: THE GOVERING REMAINING LIFE OF PRESSURE VESSEL IS BASED ON THINNEST
MEASURED COMPONENT.
58- A vessel has an actual thickness of 0.500 in (12.70mm) an original thickness of 0.606in (15.37mm) and a
minimum required thickness of 0.425in (10.80mm). the vessel is corroding at 0.015 in/year (0.380 mm/year).
What is the remaining life of the vessel?
A. 2.5 years
B. 5 years
C. 6 years
D. 12 years
REF-API-510 ( 7.2)
59- Pressure-relief valves are considered stuck if they fail to pop at the inlet pressure of what pressure of the
CDTP?
A. 103%
B. 110%
C. 125%
D. 150%
REF-API-576 ( 6.2.9.2) (PAGE 41 LINE 5)
60- which of the following may be used as permanent repair for damage other than cracks?
A. Non-penetrating nozzles
B. Lap band repairs
C. Fillet welded patch
REF-API-510 ( 8.16.1.4)
61- in conducting a risk base (RBI) identifying and evaluating potential damage mechanism
A. Shall be conduct by an authorized pressure vessel engineer
B. Shall be conduct by an authorized pressure vessel inspector
C. Is an important step in assessing a type of a pressure vessel failure that could occur
D. Is an important step in assessing the probability of a pressure vessel failure
REF-API-510 ( 5.2.2)
62- when performing local post weld heat treatment (PWHT) in lieu of a 360 bending PWHT when maintain
pre heat temperature must be maintain during welding
A. 150F(66C)
B. 200F(93C)
C. 250F(121C)
D. 300F(150C)
REF-API-510 (8.1.7.4.2)E
63- Which of the following best describes how to establish the inspection interval for pressure vessel
describe?
A. Following the requirement of the manufacturer of the device
B. Inspect and service the device whenever the vessel is scheduled for inspection
C. Do not allow the interval to exceed 10 years
D. Considered the performance of the device in the particular service concern
REF-API-510 ( 6.1)
64- preheat temperature use in making welding repair shall be in accordance with the
A. Procedure qualification record
B. Applicable code and owners specification
C. Applicable code and qualified welding procedure
D. Qualified welding procedure and the owners recommendations
REF-API-510 ( 8.1.7.3)
65- According to API standard 510 flush (insert) patches must
A. Have a minimum 1 in (25mm) radius corner
B. Be greater than 2in (50mm) from a weld seam
C. Be 100% ultrasonically inspected
REF-API-510 (8.1.6.1.2.2)
66- When evaluating existing equipment with minimal document what is the maximum joint efficiency that can
be used for seamless shell head or nozzle when the extent of radiography performed is unknown
A. 0.55
B. 0.65
C. 0.70
D. 0.85
REF-API- 510 (7.7) PARA 3 LINE 11
67-API 510 code who is responsible for weld quality of welder and welding procedure
A. The individual welder or welding operator
B. The repair organization
C. The welding inspector (CWI) assigned to the job
D. The contractors quality control inspectors
REF-API-510 (8.1.7.2.1)
68- Unless justified by risk base inspection (RBI) assessment an external inspection on an above ground
vessel shall be performed
A. At every turnaround
B. When operational change occur
C. At the lesser of either 5 years or at the same interval as the required internal/onstream inspection
D. At the lesser of either 5 years or at the quarter corrosion rate life
REF-API-510 (6.5)
69- A vessel has a measured head thickness of 0.875 in (2202mm) and a required thickness of 0.563 in
(14.3 mm). if the corrosion rate is 0.019 in/yr (0.4826 mm/yr) what is the interval for the next internal
inspection of the vessel
A. 4.1 years
B. 8.2 years
C. 10.0 years
D. 16.4 years
REF-API -510 (6.5.1.1)
70- A risk base inspection (RBI) assessment for the internal are on-stream inspection shall be invested and
approved at intervals not to exceed a maximum of
A. 3 years
B. 5 years
C. 10 years
D. 15 years
REF-API-510 (6.5.1.1)
71- When performing vessel repair which of the following does not qualify as an API 510 repairs
A. Owner/user shop
B. Contractor chosen by the owner/user
C. ASME U stamp holder
D. ASME VR stamp holder
REF-API-510 ( 3.1.62)
72 -What is the main reason pressure vessel should be inspected at the time of installation
A. To verify that the vessel is safe to operate
B. To verify that the vessel has been fabricated according to specification
C. To look for corrosion/cracking that may be present before operation
D. To check for correct dimension and placement of nozzles
REF-API-510 (6.2.1)
73- If the remaining life of the vessel estimated at 3 years an external inspection shell be performed when:
A. 1.5 years
B. 2 years
C. 3years
D. 5 years
REF-API-510 (6.5.1.2)
74- The inspector in consultation with whom should determine when it is necessary to remove deposit or
lining to perform adequate inspection
A. A corrosion specialist
B. The inspection supervisor
C. A pressure vessel engineer
D. A NACE coating inspector
REF-API-510 (5.5.2.3)
75- External inspection of a vessel reveals that the anchor bolts are corroding which of the following test
would best determine the overall condition of the bolting
A. Radiography
B. Hammer testing
C. Scrapping rust from a nut
D. Visual inspection
REF- API.572( 9.3.4)
76- Which of the following nondestructive examination (NDE ) method is most likely to detect a sub-surface
lamination in a pressure vessel
A. Ultrasonic API 572,9.4.4.2
B. Magnetic -particle
C. Dye- penetrant
D. Eddy- current [REF-API-510 (5.7.1.1)]
77- In according with API 510 temporary repair may remain in place for longer period of time when
A. The approval of a jurisdiction is received
B. Approved and documented by the inspector
C. Evaluated, approved and documented by the engineer and inspector
D. A mandatory date for installing permanent repair has been include in the documentation
REF-API-510 (8.1.6.1.1)
78- In risk base inspection (RBI) risk or managed primarily through
A. Consequence assessment
B. Repair and replacement
C. Management of change
D. Inspection activities
REF-API-510 (3.1.66) last line
79- A pneumatic test
A. Is generally less risky than a high pressure hydrostatic test
B. Is the same as an air test
C. May cause potential risk to personal and property
D. Is perform in four step increases
REF-API -510 (5.8.6)
80- Which of the following are considered permanent repair of a corroded vertical shell section
Option
Excavation and blend grinding weld overlay Replacement of damage area
Fillet-welded patch with rounded corner
Drag and drop all that apply [REF-API-510 ( 8.1.6.2.1)]

Excavation and blend grinding weld overlay Replacement of damage area

81- …….. provide the controls that are necessary when contract inspector used to supply inspection ….
the site
A. The local jurisdiction
B. The owner user inspection program
C. That the contract company supervisor on site
D. The maintenance engineering organization
REF-API-510 ( 4.4)
82- For vessel whose remaining safe operating life is estimated to be only 5 years the next external
inspection shall be before
A. 2 years
B. 2.5 years
C. 4 years
D. The vessels full life has expired
REF-API-510 (6.4.1)
83- If corrosion under insulation damage is found the inspector
A. Should inspect other susceptible areas on the vessel
B. Shall remove half of all damage insulation for inspecting the vessel wall condition
B. Should remove the damage insulation plus a minimum one foot around all nozzles
C. Should use acoustic emission testing to locate damage areas
REF-API-510 (5.5.6.2)
84- Inspection for corrosion under insulation shall be consider for externally insulated austenitic stainless
steel vessel operating between
A. 10 F and 350 F (-12C and 175C )
B. 32F and 212 F (0 C and 100C )
C. 140F and 250 F (60C and 121C)
D. 140F and 350F (60C and 175 C)
[REF-API-510 (5.5.6.1)]
85- Unless justified by RBI an on stream inspection cannot be substituted for an internal inspection for
vessel
A. Where the corrosion character of the content has been established by at least 5 years of the same
service
B. Operating at temperatures below the creep rapture range
C. That have a non-integrally bonded liner
D. Where the size or configuration makes vessel entry impossible
REF-API-510 (6.5.2.1)(7)
86- Prior to using preheat or controlled deposition welding as alternatives to post weld heat treatment
(PWHT) a metallurgical review shall be conducted by a/an
A. Pressure vessel engineer
B. Corrosion engineer
C. Authorized pressure vessel inspector
REF-API-510 (8.1.7.4.3.1.2)
87- According to ASME code section ix essential welding procedure variable are those in which a change in
a variable
A. Will not affect the mechanical property of the weldment
B. May be made in the WPS without requalification
C. Requires requalification of welding procedure
D. Requires post weld heat treatment of the weld
REF-API-510 (8.2.1.7)
88- What is the quality assurance
A. All nondestructive examination (NDE) activities apply to a pressure vessel during fabrication and/or
repair
B. All planned and preventative action required to determine if a pressure will meet requirements
C. All nondestructive examination (NDE) activities applied to a pressure vessel during required
inspection activities
D. A list of all the quality control and nondestructive examination (NDE) procedure that are required for
an in service inspection.
REF-API-510 (3.1.59)
89- Brittle fracture usually occurs only at:
A. Elevated temperature where there is a high stress concentration
B. Temperature below freezing
C. Temperatures below the charpy impact transition temperature
D. Temperatures above the charpy impact transition temperature
REF –API-571 (4.2.7.3)
90- which of the following is most susceptible to chloride stress corrosion cracking ?
A. Non stress relieved admiralty brass U-bends
B. Inadequately heat treated 1.25 Cr-0.5 Mo low alloy steel
C. Non stress relieved 304 stainless steel
D. Non-post weld heat treated carbon vessel.
REF-API-571 ( 4.5.1.6)
91- Rerating calculation shall be performed by the manufacturer or which of the following ?
A. Owner/user engineering g experience in pressure vessel design
B. Owner/user registered professional engineer
C. API authorized pressure vessel engineer
D. ASME credited repair organization
REF-API-510 (8.2.1)
92- According to API 510, pipe cap over pressure vessel damage
A. Can only use if the cap has a thickness corresponding to XXS or greater
B. May be used as permanent repairs for other than crack when the design and method of attachment
comply with the applicable construction code
C. May be used only as temporary repair until permanent repair can be effected at the next available
maintenance opportunity
REF-API-510 (8.1.6.1.4)
93- A plant engineer would like to increase a vessel operating temperature by 100F(38C ) the vessels name
plate state a maximum allowable working pressure of 250 psig( 1.7 MPa) at 650F (343C ) and the current
operating temperature is 600F ( 315 C ) what is the first step in increasing the operating temperature ?
A. Perform calculation to is sufficient determine if the vessel thickness
B. Determine a new corrosion rate of the vessel
C. Perform an internal inspection of the vessel
D. Determine if the pressure relief device will be suitable at the new temperature
REF-API-510 ( CHAP 7)
94- If a pressure vessel component should fail because an incorrect material was investigated suitable for the
specified material the inspector shall:
A. Remove the vessel fabricator from the list of approved suppliers
B. Apply API 578 for material verification on other pressure vessel
C. Consider the need for further verification of existing material
D. Require 100% PMI test verification of all other components in the vessel
REF-API-510 ( 5.9.2)
95- On in service vessel if there is a conflict between requirement of the ASME code and the API 510 code,
which should take precedence ?
A. ASME Code
B. API 510 Code
C. Most stringent code
D. Applicable code as determined by authorized pressure vessel inspector
REF-API-510 (1.1.1)
96- Fillet-welded patches may be used as
A. Temporary repair when approved by the API authorized inspector
B. Permanent repair when approved by pressure vessel engineer
C. Temporary repair when approved by the API authorized inspector and pressure vessel engineer
D. Permanent repair when approved by the API authorized inspector and pressure vessel engineer
REF-API-510 (8.1.6.1.2.1) PAGE 47
97- The required thickness of a pressure vessel component is defined as the
A. The thickness at which it is unsafe for continued service without risk assessment
B. The minimum thickness based on the design code calculation including required corrosion allowance
C. The minimum thickness based on the design code calculation not including required corrosion
allowance
REF-API-510 (3.1.63)
98- Image quality indicators are selected based on
A. Thickness of material being radiographed
B. Specified quality necessary in the weld
C. Film speed selected for the job
D. Size of penetrometer hole
REF-ASME SECTION V (T-233)
99- For localized corrosion , it is important that examinations are conducted using
A. Scanning methods
B. Digital thickness measurements
C. Electromagnetic techniques
D. Ultrasonic shear wave techniques
RER-API-571 (3.14.7)
100- An inspector finds a thin area in the shell of pressure vessel. The corroded areas is a groove above the
demister pad. The groove crosses a longitudinal butt weld seam. When evaluating the required thickness of
shell more than 1 in. (25.4 mm) away from the longitudinal butt weld the joint efficiency to use is.
A. 0.70
B. 0.85
C. 0.90
D. 1.00
REF-API-510 (7.4.5)
101- A written material verification programmed indicating the extent and type of PMI is to be as outlined the
API document?
A. 577
B. 578
REF-API-510 (5.9.1)
102- Which of the following correctly describes alterations?
A. Alteration has design implications beyond the scope of the existing data reports
B. Alteration are defined by the requirements of jurisdictional authorities
C. Adding a reinforced nozzle to either head of the vessel is always an alteration
D. Major repairs are always considered alteration, while routine repairs are not considered alterations.
REF-API-510 (3.1.1)
103- Which of the following may be used to establish the maximum allowable working pressure for continued
use of a pressure vessel without rerating?
A. Original code of construction
B. Original edition of API 510
C. Latest edition of API 510
D. Latest edition of ASME Code, section IV
REF-API-510 (7.3.1)
104- The inspection plan shall include as a minimum
A. Description of the extent and location of inspection and NDE
B. Identification of next inspection data for each inspection type
C. Description of the surface cleaning requirements needed for inspection
D. Identification of inspection tasks and scheduled required to monitor damage mechanism
REF-API-510 (5.1.3)
105- What is the remaining life of a vessel corroding at rate of 0.021 in/yr (0.533 mm/yr) when the inspection
measurement is 0.638 in (16.2 mm/yr.) and the minimum required thickness is 0.4375 in (11.3 mm) ?
A. 2.39 years
B. 4.78 years
C. 9.55 years
D. 10 years REF-API-510 ( 7.2.1)

106- When condition monitoring locations ( CMLs ) are substantially reduced

A. A records of two consecutive CML measurements shall be used to justify the change
B. A vessel engineer should be consulted
C. A corrosion specialist should be consulted
D. Approval of authorized inspector is required
REF-API-510 (5.6.3)

107- The pressure vessel record need not contain which of the following?
A. The name of person who performed the inspection
B. Thickness measurement
C. Documentation of ultrasonic testing calibration
D. Design calculation
REF-API-510 (5.3.5)
108- An external inspection of a pressure vessel should begin with
A. A quick examination of attached piping for deformation
B. Ladders, stairways, platforms, or walkways
C. External paint and insulation
D. Nozzles and man ways
REF-API-510 ( 5.5.4.1.1)
109- The pressure vessel is in noncontiguous service. While out of service vessel is isolated and protected
from internal corrosion. If a risk base inspection(RBI)is not considered, the maximum internal or on stream
inspection interval shall be
A. 5 years, because of the potential of corrosion
B. The 10 years of actual service exposed life
C. 10 calendar years from the last inspection
D. The half-life of the calendar time since the last inspection
REF-API-510 (6.5.1.2)
 API 510 (17,18,20)Jan 2022
1.Where should an external inspection of a pressure vessel begin?
a) Anchor bolts, foundation, and supports
b) Ladders, stairways, platforms, or walkways
c) External paint and insulation
d) Nozzles and manways

2. Which of the following is not suitable for determining the thickness of a part?
a) Ultrasonic shear wave
b) Profile radiography
c) Ultrasonic straight beam
d) Ultrasonic ―A‖ scan

3. In Magnetic Particle examination, the unit’s meter reading shall not deviate by more than of full
scale, relative to the actual current value as shown by the test meter.
a) The unit’s meter reading shall not deviate more than ± 30%
b) The unit’s meter reading shall not deviate more than ± 20%
c) The unit’s meter reading shall not deviate more than ± 10%
d) The unit’s meter reading shall not deviate more than ± 00%

4. A 125 feet high pressure vessel is to be hydrostatically tested. What is the pressure at the top
of the vessel if a pressure of 169.5psig is registered on a gage located 45 feet from the top
and another gage, located 100 feet from the top registers 193.5psig? (1 foot of water =
0.433psi)
a) 204psi
b) 189psi
c) 150psi
d) 140psi

5. A vessel has been in service for five years and current thickness measurements reveal the
shell thickness to be .82‖ and inspection records indicate the required thickness is .545‖.
When is the next required internal inspection due if the corrosion rate is 0.018‖ per year?
a) 7.6 years
b) 9.1 years
c) 10 years
d) 15.2 year

6. To comply with the requirements of API-510, how many thickness measurements should be
taken on a pressure vessel during an internal or on-stream inspection?
a) A representative number that will establish areas of corrosion
b) At least one on each nozzle and two on each head and shell section
c) At least one adjacent to each girth weld
d) Four points on the shell, one on each head, and one on all major nozzles
7. What does a low energy value for a notch toughness test indicate?
a) The material is ductile
b) The material is elastic
c) The material is brittle
d) The material is low strength

8. Using local PWHT in lieu of 360° banding is permitted provided:

a) The application is reviewed and a procedure is developed by engineers experienced in the
appropriate engineering specialties
b) The reduction of thermal gradient during PWHT is less than 200°F per foot
c) A preheat of 350°F is maintained during the welding and the weld is examined by MT
d) The application is reviewed and a procedure is developed by an API authorized pressure
vessel inspector

9. A new vessel is to be installed in a system. The vessel is stamped with a MAWP of 150psi at
300°F. It was fabricated from a material that has the same allowable stress at design
temperature as at test temperature. The vessel operating pressure is 140psi at a MDMT of
20°F. Which of the following is the correct post fabrication hydrostatic test pressure?
a) 225psi
b) 210psi
c) 195psi
d) 182psi

10. Which of the following NDE methods is most likely to detect deep subsurface flaws?
a) Ultrasonic UT
b) Magnetic Particle MT
c) Liquid Penetrant PT
d) Eddy Current EC

11. Of the following, what is the most common cause of spring failure in pressure relief valves?
a) Corrosion
b) Creep
c) Erosion
d) Tensile overload

12. What is the minimum permitted overlap when it is necessary to PWHT a vessel in
more than one heat due to length??
a) One foot
b) Two and a half feet
c) Five feet
d) Ten feet
13. A process vessel has the following characteristics: ID = 60‖, Efficiency = 1.0,
allowable stress = 17500psi, and design pressure (including static head) = 500psig. If
the vessel is uniformly corroded, what is the minimum required thickness of the shell
under design conditions?
a) 0.857 inch
b) 0.872 inch

14. What is the maximum permitted offset for a repaired ¾‖ Category B (A) weld joint?
a) 1/16‖
b) 1/8‖ for A
c) 3/16‖ for B
d) 1/4‖

15. What is the minimum design metal temperature that a vessel can be designed for if it
is fabricated from 1.125‖ thick non-normalized SA-516Gr.60 material without impact
testing?
a) -26°F
b) 2°F
c) 37°F
d) 75°F

16. In a sour crude refinery, a carbon steel tray is removed from a fractionation tower
section that operates at 450°F. The tray is thin throughout, and it’s Type 410 stainless
steel tray valves appear relatively un corroded. Which of the following is most likely
responsible for the damage?
a) High temperature sulfidic corrosion
b) Naphthenic acid corrosion
c) Polythionic acid corrosion
d) Hydrochloric acid corrosion

17. The density of step wedge comparison films and densitometer calibration shall be
verified by comparison with a calibrated step wedge film traceable to which of the
following?
a) Film certified according to ASME Section V
b) An ASTM certified wedge
c) An ASNT certified procedure
d) A national standard

18. The repair of a pressure vessel involves replacement of a seamless ellipsoidal head
using a single welded butt joint with a backing strip that will be left in place. What is
the joint type of the head to shell weld?
a) 1
b) 2
19. How far away from the weld must the corroded area be in order to allow a joint
efficiency of 100% in recalculating the required thickness of a vessel with a joint
efficiency of 85%?
a) The greater of one half inch or two times the minimum thickness
b) The greater of one inch or two times the minimum thickness
c) The greater of one inch or three times the minimum thickness
d) The greater of two inches or three times the minimum thickness

20. Material used in making repairs or alterations shall conform to the:

a) Applicable construction Code
b) ASME Code.
c) AWS standards.
d) ASTM standards.

21. The ability of a metal to absorb energy and deform plastically before fracturing is known as:
a) ductile-to-brittle transition.
b) plasticity.
c) tensile strength.
d) toughness.

22. For in-service vessels where a conflict exists between the ASME Code and the API 510
Code, the:
a) ASME Code takes precedence.
b) API 510 Code takes precedence.
c) applicable code, as determined by the owner/user of the pressure vessel, takes
precedence.
d) applicable code, as determined by the authorized pressure vessel inspector, takes
precedence

23. When performing a weld repair on a section of stainless-steel weld overlay on a carbon-steel
vessel in hydrogen service, which of the following is most important?
a) Magnetic-particle testing of the overlay
b) Brinell hardness testing of the overlay
c) Out-gassing of the base metal
d) Impact testing of the base metal

24. For pressure vessels in non-continuous service, the maximum internal or on-stream
inspection interval shall be:
a) 5 years, because of the potential of corrosion.
b) the 10 years of actual service.
c) 10 calendar years from the last inspection.
d) the half-life of the calendar time since the last inspection
25. Pressure vessels shall be inspected at the time of installation. The purpose of this inspection
is to:
a) verify the equipment is safe for operation and to initiate plant inspection records.
b) verify the estimated remaining life of the vessel and establish the long term corrosion rate
c) verify the equipment was built in accordance with all the requirements of API-510
d) verify the equipment was built in accordance with the applicable edition and addenda of
ASME Section VIII, Division 1

26. Which of the following nondestructive examination (NDE) methods is most likely to detect a
subsurface flaw in a pressure vessel?
a) Ultrasonic
b) Magnetic-particle
c) Dye-penetrant
d) Eddy-current

27. According to API-510, inspection for corrosion under insulation shall be considered for
externally insulated carbon and low alloy steel vessels that operate between:
a) 32°F (0°C) and 250°F (120°C).
b) 140°F (60°C) and 400°F (205°C).
c) 10°F (-12°C) and 350°F (175°C).
d) -20ºF (-29°C) and 200°F (93°C)

28. The next inspection interval for vessels in corrosive service should be determined by
calculating the remaining life of:
a) the shell and heads.
b) the internal components.
c) all nozzles.
d) the limiting component.

29. According to the API 510 Code, how many thickness measurements should be taken on a
pressure vessel during internal or on-stream inspections?
a) A representative number that will satisfy the requirements for an internal or on-stream
inspection
b) At least one on each nozzle, and two on each head and shell section
c) At least one adjacent to each girth weld
d) Four points on the shell, one on each head, and one on all major nozzles

30. If corrosion is suspected underneath refractory linings, the refractory can be removed to
allow further inspection or:
a) ultrasonic thickness scanning may be made from external metal surfaces.
b) profile radiography of the metal surface is required.
c) hammer testing may be used to indicate the metal thickness accurately.
d) a thorough visual inspection is considered sufficient
31. Three pressure gauges are installed for convenience in the hydrostatic testing of a pressure
vessel that is 125 feet (38,100 mm) in overall length. The first is at the top of the vessel. The
second is 45 feet (13,716 mm) from the top and reads 169.5 psig (1.168 MPa). The third is
100 feet (30,480 mm) from the top and reads 193.5 psig (1.334 MPa). What is the pressure at
the top? [1 foot of water = 0.433 psi (1000 mm of water = 0.00978 MPa)]
a) 140 psig (0.96 MPa)
b) 150 psig (1.03 MPa)
c) 189 psig (1.30 MPa)
d) 204 psig (1.40 MPa)

32. In June 1983 the shell on a new pressure vessel, with a required shell thickness of 0.421 inch
(10.69 mm) measured 0.625 inch (15.88 mm). In June 1999, the vessel changed service.
From June 1983 to June 1999, the vessel shell experienced a corrosion rate of 0.002 inch per
year (0.051 mm/year.). Inspection in December 2004 revealed the shell thickness to be 0.56
inch (14.22 mm). What is the estimated remaining life for this vessel?
a) 11.5 years
b) 16 years
c) 23 years
d) 32 years

33. A pilot-operated safety-relief valve is best suited when the:

a) fluid is dirty.
b) fluid is viscous.
c) fluid is high-pressure steam or gas.
d) operating pressure is close to the set pressure

34. A weld overlay is done for a repair on a vessel fabricated from P-5 material. The next day,
the base metal in the repair area should be examined for cracking by which type of
examination?
a) Ultrasonic
b) Radiographic
c) Liquid penetrant
d) Magnetic particle

35. Gamma-ray radiography is used to perform inspection on a repair weld of a vessel that is
1.250 inches (31.8 mm) thick. The radiographer has access to both sides of the weld. The
hole-type IQI (Penetrometers) is:
a) 10.
b) 20.
c) 30.
d) 35
36. The maximum offset for a ¾ inch-thick Category A weld joint that is being repaired is:
a) 1/16‖
b) 1/8‖
c) 3/8‖
d) 1/4‖

37. For a pressure vessel with an inside diameter greater than 60 inches and a corroded area of
considerable size in which circumferential stresses govern, the least thickness along the most
critical element of the area may be averaged over a length not exceeding:
a) 1/4 of the vessel diameter or 25 inches, whichever is less.
b) 1/4 of the vessel diameter or 30 inches, whichever is less.
c) 1/3 of the vessel diameter or 40 inches, whichever is less.
d) 1/3 of the vessel diameter or 50 inches, whichever is less

38. The density of step wedge comparison films and densitometer calibration shall be verified by
comparison with a calibrated step wedge film traceable to:
a) film certified according to ASME Code, Section V.
b) an ASTM certified step wedge.
c) an ASNT certified procedure.
d) a national standard.

39. If there is a conflict between the two codes, the requirements of API 510 shall take precedence
40. In accordance with the criteria in ASME Code, Section VIII, Division 1 should be considered
for inclusion based on risk (probability and consequence of failure) as determined by the
owner/user. An example of such vessels might be vacuum flashers in refining service

41. API Recommended Practice 578, Material Verification Program for New and Existing Alloy
Piping Systems

42. ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section V: Nondestructive Examination
43. alteration
A physical change in any component that has design implications that affect the pressure-
containing capability of a pressure vessel beyond the scope described in existing data reports.
The following should not be considered alterations: any comparable or duplicate replacement,
the addition of any reinforced nozzle less than or equal to the size of existing reinforced
nozzles, and the addition of nozzles not requiring reinforcement.

44. defect
An imperfection whose type or size exceeds the applicable acceptance criteria and is therefore
rejectable.

45. deferral
An approved and documented postponement of an inspection, test, or examination
46.design temperature
The temperature used for the design of the pressure vessel per the applicable construction
code

47. pressure vessel engineer

A person acceptable to the owner/user who is knowledgeable and experienced in the
engineering disciplines associated with evaluating mechanical and material characteristics that
affect the integrity and reliability of pressure vessels. The pressure vessel engineer, by
consulting with appropriate specialists, should be regarded as a composite of all entities
needed to properly assess the technical requirements. Wherever the term ―engineer‖ is used in
this code, it refers to a pressure vessel engineer.

48. quality assurance(QA)

All planned, systematic, and preventative actions specified to determine if materials, equipment, or
services will meet specified requirements so that equipment will perform satisfactorily in service.
The minimum contents of a QA inspection manual for in-service inspection are outlined in 4.1.2.

49. repair organization

Any one of the following that makes repairs in accordance with this inspection code:
a) The holder of a valid ASME Certificate of Authorization that authorizes the use of an
appropriate ASME Code symbol stamp;
b) The holder of another recognized code of construction certificate that authorizes the use of
an appropriate construction code symbol stamp;
c) The holder of a valid R-stamp issued by the National Board for repair of pressure vessels;
d) The holder of a valid VR-stamp issued by the National Board for repair and servicing of relief
valves;
e) An owner or user of pressure vessels and/or relief valves who repairs his or her own
equipment in accordance with this code;
f) A repair contractor whose qualifications are acceptable to the pressure vessel owner or user;
g) An individual or organization that is authorized by the legal jurisdiction to repair pressure
vessels or service relief devices.

50.rerating
A change in either the design temperature rating, the MDMT or the MAWP rating of a vessel.
The design temperature and MAWP of a vessel may be increased or decreased because of a
rerating. Derating below original design conditions is a permissible way to provide for additional
corrosion allowance

51.temper embrittlement
The reduction in toughness due to a metallurgical change that can occur in some low alloy
steels (e.g. 2 1/4Cr-1Mo) as a result of long-term exposure in the temperature range of about
(650 °F to 1100 °F (345 °C to 595 °C)
52.Repair Organization
All repairs and alterations shall be performed by a qualified repair organization. The repair
organization is responsible to the owner/user and shall provide the materials, equipment, QC,
and workmanship that is necessary to maintain and repair the vessel or pressure-relieving
device in accordance with the requirements of this inspection code. See definition of a repair
organization in 3.1.63

53. 5.1.3 Minimum Contents of an Inspection Plan

The inspection plan shall contain the inspection tasks and schedule required to monitor damage
mechanisms and assure the mechanical integrity of the equipment (pressure vessel or
pressure-relieving device). The plan should:
a) Define the type(s) of inspection needed (e.g. internal, external);
b) Identify the next inspection date for each inspection type;
c) Describe the inspection and NDE techniques;
d) Describe the extent and locations of inspection and NDE;
e) Describe the surface cleaning requirements needed for inspection and examinations;
f) Describe the requirements of any needed pressure test (e.g. type of test, test pressure, and
duration); and
g) Describe any previously planned repairs
54. Probability Assessment
The probability assessment shall be based on all forms of damage that could reasonably be
expected to affect avessel in any particular service. Examples of those damage mechanisms
include: internal or external metal loss from localized or general corrosion, all forms of cracking,
and any other forms of metallurgical, corrosion, or mechanical damage (e.g. fatigue,
embrittlement, creep, etc.) Additionally, the effectiveness of the inspection practices, tools, and
techniques used for finding the potential damage mechanisms shall be evaluated. Other factors
that should be
considered in a probability assessment include:
a) Appropriateness of the materials of construction;
b) Vessel design conditions, relative to operating conditions;
c) Appropriateness of the design codes and standards utilized;
d) Effectiveness of corrosion monitoring programs;
e) The quality of maintenance and inspection QA/QC programs;
f) Both the pressure retaining and structural requirements; and
g) Operating conditions, both past and projected
55. 5.3.3 Communication
Before starting any vessel inspection and maintenance activities (e.g. NDE, pressure testing,
repair, or alteration), personnel should obtain permission to work in the vicinity (internal or
external) from operating personnel responsible for the pressure vessel. When individuals are
inside a vessel, all persons working around the vessel should be informed that people are
working inside the vessel. Individuals working inside the vessel should be informed when
 any work is going to be done on the interior or exterior of the vessel while they are inside the
vessel

56. 5.3.5 Records Review

Before performing any of the required API 510 inspections, inspectors shall familiarize
themselves with prior history of the vessels for which they are responsible. In particular, they
should review the vessel’s prior inspection results, prior repairs, current inspection plan, as well
as any engineering evaluations, and/or other similar service inspections. A general overview of
the types of damage and failure modes experienced by pressure equipment is provided in
API 571 and API 579-1/ASME FFS-1, Annex G

57.A primary goal of the internal inspection is to find damage that cannot be found by regular
monitoring of external CMLs

58.The inspector, in consultation with the corrosion specialist, should determine when it is
necessary to remove deposits or linings to perform adequate inspections

59.The owner/user is responsible to assure that all individuals taking thickness readings are
trained and qualified in accordance with the applicable procedure used during the examination

60.Susceptible Temperature Range for CUI

Inspection for CUI shall be considered for externally insulated vessels and those that are in
intermittent service or operate at temperatures between:
a) 10 °F (–12 °C) and 350 °F (177 °C) for carbon and low alloy steels,
b) 140 °F (60 °C) and 350 °F (177 °C) for austenitic stainless steels,
c) 280 °F (138 °C) and 350 °F (177 °C) for duplex stainless steels.
61.With carbon and low alloy steels, CUI usually causes localized corrosion. With austenitic and
duplex stainless steel materials, CUI usually is in the form of external chloride stress corrosion
cracking.

62.Pressure tests are not normally conducted as part of routine inspection. A pressure test is
normally required after an alteration or major repair. After repairs (other than major repairs) are
completed, a pressure test shall be applied if the inspector believes that one is necessary and
specifies it in the repair plan. Potential alternatives to pressure tests are outlined in 5.8.8

63.Test Pressure in psig (MPa) =1.5 MAWP × (S test temp/S design temp), prior to 1999
addendum

64. 5.8.5.1 Before applying a hydrostatic test, the supporting structures and foundation design
should be reviewed to assure they are suitable for the hydrostatic test load

65.5.8.6 Pneumatic Pressure Tests

Pneumatic testing (including combined hydro pneumatic) may be used when hydrostatic testing
is impracticable because of limited supporting structure or foundation, refractory linings, or
process reasons. When used, the potential personnel and property risks of pneumatic testing
shall be considered by an engineer before conducting the test.
 As a minimum, the inspection precautions contained in the ASME Code shall be applied when
performing any pneumatic test. A pneumatic test procedure should be developed by the
engineer following the steps outlined in ASME PCC-2, Article 5.1

66.5.8.7.2 To minimize the risk of brittle fracture during a pressure test, the metal temperature
should be maintained at least 30 °F (17 °C) above the MDMT or MAT for vessels that are more
than 2 in. (5 cm) thick and 10 °F (6 °C) above the MDMT or MAT for vessels that have a
thickness of 2 in. (5 cm) or less.

67.5.8.8 Pressure Testing Alternatives

5.8.8.1 Appropriate NDE (e.g. RT, UT, PT, MT, etc.) shall be specified and conducted when a
pressure test is not performed after a major repair or alteration. Substituting NDE procedures
for a pressure test after an alteration or major repair may be done only after the engineer and
inspector have approved. In such cases, it is advisable to conduct a FFS assessment to identify
the critical flaw size(s) to specify the acceptance criteria for the specified NDE technique(s).
Refer to ASME PCC-2, Article 5.2 for guidance on NDE in lieu of pressure testing for repairs
and alterations

68.5.9.2 If a pressure vessel component experiences accelerated corrosion or should fail because
an incorrect material was inadvertently substituted for the specified material, the inspector shall
consider the need for further verification of existing materials in the pressure vessel or other
pressure vessels in same or similar service. The extent of further verification will depend upon
various factors including the consequences of failure and the probability of further material
errors.

69.5.11.2 Accessible flange faces should be examined for distortion and to determine the condition
of gasket-seating surfaces. Gasket-seating surfaces that are damaged and likely to result in a
joint leak should be resurfaced prior to being placed back in service. Special attention should be
given to flange faces in high-temperature/high-pressure hydro processing services that are
prone to gasket leaks during start-up and on-stream. If flanges are excessively bent or
distorted, their markings and thicknesses should be checked against engineering requirements
before taking corrective action. Refer to ASME PCC-1, Appendix D for guidance on flange face
evaluation

70.6.2.1.1 Pressure vessels shall be inspected by an inspector at the time of installation. The
purpose of this inspection is to verify the equipment is safe for operation, that no unacceptable
damage occurred during transportation to the installation site, and to initiate plant inspection
records for the equipment. This inspection also provides an opportunity to collect desired base
line information and to obtain the initial thickness readings at designated CMLs.

71.6.3.2 When a RBI interval for the internal or on-stream inspection exceeds the 10-year limit, the
RBI assessment shall be reviewed and approved by the engineer and inspector at intervals not
to exceed 10 years or more often if warranted by process, equipment, or consequence
changes.
72. 6.4.1 Unless justified by an RBI assessment, each aboveground vessel shall be given a visual
external inspection at an interval that does not exceed the lesser of five years or the required
internal/on-stream inspection. It is preferred to perform this inspection while the vessel is in
operation. The interval is established by the inspector or engineer in accordance with the
owner/user’s QA system

73. 6.5.1.1 Unless justified by a RBI assessment, the period between internal or on-stream
inspections and thickness measurement inspections shall not exceed one-half the remaining life
of the vessel or 10 years, whichever is less. Whenever the remaining life is less than four years,
the inspection interval may be the full remaining life up to a maximum of two years. The interval
is established by the inspector or engineer in accordance with the owner/user’s QA system

74. 6.5.1.2 For pressure vessels that are in non-continuous service, the interval is based on the
number of years of actual service (vessel in operation) instead of calendar years, provided that
when idled, the vessel is:
a) isolated from the process fluids, and
b) not exposed to corrosive internal environments (e.g. inert gas purged or filled with
noncorrosive hydrocarbons).Vessels that are in non-continuous service and not adequately
protected from corrosive environments may experience increased internal corrosion while idle.
The corrosion rates should be carefully reviewed before setting the internal or on-stream
intervals.

75.6.5.2 On-stream Inspection in Lieu of Internal Inspections

6.5.2.1 At the discretion of the inspector, an on-stream inspection may be substituted for the
internal inspection in the following situations:
a) when size or configuration makes vessel entry for internal inspection physically impossible
b) when vessel entry for internal inspection is physically possible and all of the following
conditions are met:
1) the general corrosion rate of a vessel is known to be less than 0.005 in. (0.125 mm) per year;
2) the vessel remaining life is greater than 10 years;
3) the corrosive character of the contents, including the effect of trace components, has been
established by at least five years of the same or similar service;
4) no questionable condition is discovered during the external inspection;
5) the operating temperature of the steel vessel shell does not exceed the lower temperature
limits for the creep rupture range of the vessel material referenced in API 579-1/ASME FFS,
Part 4, Table 4.1;
6) the vessel is not subject to environmental cracking or hydrogen damage from the fluid being
handled;
7) the vessel does not have a non-integrally bonded liner such as strip lining or plate lining.
76. 6.6.3 Testing and Inspection Intervals
6.6.3.1 Pressure-relieving devices shall be tested and inspected at intervals that are frequent
enough to verify that the devices perform reliably in the particular service conditions. Other
pressure-relieving devices (e.g. rupture disks and vacuum-breaker valves) shall be inspected at
intervals based on service conditions. The inspection interval for all pressure-relieving devices
is determined by either the inspector, engineer, or other qualified individual per the owner/
user’s QA system.
77. 6.6.3.2 Unless documented experience and/or a RBI assessment indicates that a longer
interval is acceptable, test and inspection intervals for pressure-relieving devices in typical
process services should not exceed:
a) 5 years for typical process services, and
b) 10 years for clean (non-fouling) and noncorrosive services
78.6.7.2 Deferral
Deferral requests not meeting the conditions of a simplified deferral shall follow a documented
deferral procedure/process that includes all of the following minimum requirements:
a) Perform a documented risk assessment or update an existing RBI assessment to determine
if the proposed deferral date would increase risk above acceptable risk threshold levels as
defined by the owner-user. The risk assessment may include any of the following elements as
deemed necessary by the owner/user.
— fitness-for-service analysis results;
— consequence of failure;
— applicable damage mechanism susceptibilities and rates of degradation;
— calculated remaining life;
— historical conditions/findings from inspections, tests, and examinations and their technical
significance;
— extent and/or probability of detection (i.e. effectiveness) of previous inspections, tests, or
examinations, as
well as the amount of time that has elapsed since they were last performed;
— considerations for any previous changes to inspection or test intervals (e.g. reductions in
interval due to
deteriorating conditions);
— disposition(s) of any previous requests for deferral on the same pressure vessel or pressure-
relieving device;
— historical conditions/findings for pressure vessels or pressure-relieving devices in similar
service if available
b) Determine if the deferral requires the implementation of, or modification to, existing integrity
operating windows or operating process control limits.
c) Review the current inspection plan to determine if modifications are needed to support the
deferral.
d) Obtain the consent and approval of appropriate pressure vessel personnel, including the
inspector representing or
employed by the owner-user and appropriate operations management representative(s).
 e) Updates to the pressure vessel or pressure-relieving device records with deferral
documentation are complete
before it is operated beyond the original due date

79. Corrosion rate = T initial – T actual / time between T initial and Tactual (years)
80.When evaluating corrosion rates as part of the data assessment, the inspector, in consultation
with a corrosion specialist, shall select the corrosion rate that best reflects the current
conditions

81.Remaining life = T actual – T required / corrosion rate

82.7.2.2 A statistical analysis may be used in the corrosion rate and remaining life calculations for
the pressure vessel sections. This statistical approach may be applied for assessment of
substituting an internal inspection [see 6.5.2.1 b)] or for determining the internal inspection
interval. Care must be taken to ensure that the statistical treatment of data results reflects the
actual condition of the vessel section, especially those subject to localized corrosion. Statistical
analysis may not be applicable to vessels with random but significant localized corrosion. The
analysis method shall be documented

83.7.4.2 Evaluation of Locally Thinned Areas

7.4.2.1 For a corroded area of considerable size the wall thicknesses may be averaged over a
length not exceeding the following:
— for vessels with inside diameters less than or equal to 60 in. (150 cm), one-half the vessel
diameter or 20 in. (50 cm), whichever is less;
— for vessels with inside diameters greater than 60 in. (150 cm), one-third the vessel diameter
or 40 in. (100 cm),whichever is less.

84. 7.4.2.4 When performing thickness averaging near structural discontinuities (e.g. a nozzle,
conical section transition, and flange connection), the limits for thickness averaging shall be
considered separately for the reinforcement window area (or other area of high local stress) and
the area outside/adjacent to the reinforcement window (or other area of high local stress).
a) When performing thickness averaging near a nozzle, the designated length shall not extend
within the limits of the reinforcement as defined in the construction code. Consideration shall be
given to any extra reinforcement included in the nozzle reinforcement design (e.g. a larger
extended reinforcing pad diameter to address piping load considerations or wind loads)

85. 7.4.3 Evaluation of Pitting

During the current inspection, widely scattered pits may be ignored as long as all of the
following are true:
a) The remaining thickness below the pit is greater than one-half the required thickness
(1/2 T required),
b) the total area of the pitting that is deeper than the corrosion allowance does not exceed
7 in.2 (45 cm2) within any 8-in. (20-cm) diameter circle,
c) the sum of the pit dimensions that is deeper than the corrosion allowance along any straight
8-in. (20-cm) line does not exceed 2 in. (5 cm)
86.7.4.4.2 When using ASME Code, Section VIII, Division 2, Appendix 4, the stress value used in
the original pressure vessel design shall be substituted for the maximum allowable stress (Sm)
value of Division 2 if the design stress is less than or equal to two-thirds specified minimum
yield strength at temperature. If the original design stress is greater than two-thirds specified
minimum yield strength at temperature, then two-thirds specified minimum yield strength
shall be substituted for Sm. When this approach is to be used, an engineer shall perform this
analysis
87.7.4.5 Joint Efficiency Adjustments
When the vessel surface away from a weld is corroded and the joint efficiency is less than 1.0,
an independent calculation using the appropriate weld joint factor (typically 1.0) can be made.
For this calculation, the surface at a weld includes 1 in. (2.5 cm) on either side of the weld
(measured from the toe) or twice the required thickness on either side of the weld, whichever is
greater
88.7.7 Evaluation of Existing Equipment with Minimal Documentation
For pressure vessels that have no nameplate and minimal or no design and construction
documentation, the following steps may be used to verify operating integrity.
2) Define design parameters and prepare drawings.
3) Perform design calculations 0.85 for seamless shells, heads, and nozzles

89.7.8 Reports and Records

Construction and design information
a) Inspection history b) the name of the person c) who performed the inspection
90.New vessel nozzles, connections, or replacement parts shall meet the design requirements of
the applicable construction code
91.The material used in making repairs or alterations shall conform to the applicable construction
code
92.8.1.6.1 Temporary Repairs
Temporary repairs may be conducted on pressure vessels as long as the inspector and
engineer are satisfied that the repair will render the vessel fit for continued service until
permanent repairs can be conducted. Temporary repairs should be removed and replaced with
suitable permanent repairs at the next available maintenance opportunity.
Temporary repairs may remain in place for a longer period of time only if evaluated, approved,
and documented by the engineer and inspector. Documentation of temporary repairs should
include:
a) location of the temporary repair;
b) specific details about the repair (e.g. material of construction, thickness, size of welds, NDE
performed);
c) details of analyses performed, including engineering calculations demonstrating that the
vessel is fit for service until permanent repairs or replacement is completed;
d) requirements for future inspections; and
e) due date for installing permanent repair.
The inspection plans shall include monitoring the integrity of the temporary repair until
permanent repairs are complete. Refer to ASME PCC-2, Articles 2.4 and 3.6 for guidance on
welded leak box and mechanical clamp repairs
93.8.1.6.1.2.3 A fillet-welded patch shall not be installed on top of an existing fillet-welded patch
except as additional opening reinforcement, if permitted by the applicable construction code.
When installing a fillet-welded patch adjacent to an existing fillet-welded patch, the distance
between the toes of the fillet weld shall not be less than:
d = 4√ R t

d is the minimum distance between toes of fillet welds of adjacent fillet weld
attachments, in in. (mm);
R is the inside radius of the vessel, in in. (mm);
t is the actual thickness of the underlying vessel wall, in in. (mm)

94. Lap Band Repairs

The band material and weld metal are suitable for contact with the contained fluid at the design
conditions and an appropriate corrosion allowance is provided in the ban

95. Non penetrating Nozzles

Non penetrating nozzles (including pipe caps attached as nozzles) may be used as permanent
repairs for other than cracks when the design and method of attachment comply with the
applicable requirements of the appropriate code.
The design and reinforcement of such nozzles shall consider the loss of the original shell
material enclosed by the nozzle. The nozzle material shall be suitable for contact with the
contained fluid at the design conditions and an appropriate corrosion allowance shall be
provided. The damage mechanism leading to the need for repair shall be considered in
determining the need for any additional monitoring and future inspection of the repair.

96.8.1.6.2 Permanent Repair

b) Excavating a defect and repair welding of the excavation.
c) Replacing a section or the component containing the defect.
d) Weld overlay of corroded area.
e) Adding strip or plate lining to the interior surface

97. rounded having a 1 in. (25 mm) minimum radius

98. T fill = d S base ⁄ S fill

99. 8.1.6.4.3 For equipment exposed to atomic hydrogen migration in the base metal (operates in
hydrogen service at an elevated temperature or has exposed base metal areas open to
corrosion), these additional factors must be considered by the engineer when developing the
repair plan:
a) outgassing base metal;
b) hardening of base metal due to welding, grinding, or arc gouging;
c) preheat and inter pass temperature control;
d) PWHT to reduce hardness and restore mechanical properties
100.8.1.6.4.4 For vessels constructed with P-3, P-4, or P-5 base materials, the base metal in the
area of repair should also be examined for cracking by the ultrasonic examination in
accordance with ASME Code, Section V, Article 4,
101. Paragraph T-473. This inspection is most appropriately accomplished following a delay of at
least 24 hours after completed repairs for alloys that could be affected by delayed cracking.
102. 8.1.7.3 Preheating
Preheat temperature used in making welding repairs shall be in accordance with the applicable
code and qualified welding procedure. Exceptions shall be approved by the engineer, and will
require a new WPS be applied if the exception is a cooler preheat than specified in the current
WPS. The inspector should assure that the minimum preheat temperature is measured and
maintained. For alternatives to traditional welding preheat, refer to ASME PCC-2, Article 2.8
103. 8.1.7.4.2 Local PWHT
Local PWHT may be substituted for 360° banding on local repairs on all materials, provided that
the following
precautions are taken and requirements are met.
a) The application is reviewed, and a procedure is developed by an engineer experienced in the
appropriate engineering specialties
c) A preheat of 300 °F (150 °C) or higher, as specified by specific welding procedures, is
maintained during welding
d) The required local PWHT temperature shall be maintained for a distance of not less than
two times the base metal thickness measured from the toe of the weld. The local PWHT
temperature shall be monitored by a suitable number of thermocouples (at least two). When
determining the number of thermocouples necessary, the size and shape of the area being heat
treated should be considered based on the rules of the construction code applicable and wps
104.8.2 Rerating

a) Calculations performed by either the manufacturer or an owner/user engineer (or his/her

designated representative) experienced in pressure vessel design, fabrication, or inspection
shall justify rerating.
‫األسئلة دي كتٌر منها جه بصٌغه مختلفة فمن المهم جدا تفهم السؤال متحفظوش عشان لو جالن بمنطوق مختلف‬

history ‫ بتاعه او يكون عنده ال‬PRV ‫ وجاب اختٌارات ان يكون ال‬PRV ‫ ٌعمل صٌانه لل‬user ‫السؤال ده جه بس فً شكل تانى بٌمول امتى ال‬
‫الكامل عنه واختيارين كمان بس انا اخترت الثاني‬
 ‫سؤال ‪Drag and drop‬سأل ال ‪ corrosion specialist‬بٌساعد االنسبكتور فى اٌه‬

‫‪ Eliminate CML‬و دراسة سبب زٌادة ال ‪ Corrosion rate‬عن الطبٌعى وكمان ‪ 3‬حاجات بس برده انا اخترت دول بس‬

‫****جاب سؤال ‪ what considered alteration‬بٌجٌب ‪ nozzles‬كتٌر لخبطه كدا بس ضرورى تطبك ال ‪ concept‬انه ٌكون اكبر من‬
‫‪ nozzle‬موجوده ولٌها ‪ .... reinforcement‬جم سؤالٌن تمرٌبا بالشكل ده وكان منهم سؤال االختٌار فٌه ‪ 66‬بوصه‬

‫*****سؤال تانى بٌمول اٌه هٌا ال ‪inspection plan‬‬

‫‪Thermography‬‬ ‫*****سؤال بٌمول بعض ال ‪ refractory missing‬اٌه الطرٌمه اللى تستخدمها فى ال ‪ external‬المفروض‬

‫‪remove damaged‬‬ ‫اختٌارات منهم االختٌار الصح‬ ‫وجاب‬ ‫‪ refractory‬لما تمع تعمل اٌه‬ ‫*****وسأل عن نفس ال‬
‫‪refractory and inspect material behind‬‬

‫‪ pneumatic test‬خطٌر وكانت االختٌارات منها‬ ‫بٌعتبر ال‬ ‫*****سؤال بٌمول لٌه‬

‫‪ cause damage‬والبالى مش فاكره بس انا اخترت التانى‬ ‫‪for property‬‬ ‫……‬ ‫والتانى‬ ‫‪Similar to air test‬‬

‫ال ‪supports‬‬ ‫وسأل عن ال ‪ hydro test‬اٌه اول حاجه الزم تتاكد منها واخترت‬

‫****سؤال عن سبب االنسبكشن على ‪ PRV‬وهوا فى ال ‪ on-stream‬وبرده كان فٌه كذا اختٌار منهم ‪ process reasons‬وده اللى اخترته ‪...‬‬
‫مباشر‬ ‫السؤال ده ٌشبه السؤال عن ال‪ on-stream inspection‬الخاص ب ‪ PRV‬وانه للتاكد من ال ‪ function‬بتاعته بس بشكل غٌر‬

‫**** راجع ال ‪ RT1, RT2, ….‬وعاللتهم بال ‪ type‬وال ‪ category‬وال ‪ efficiency‬دول ‪ 4‬حاجات لٌهم عالله ببعض وبٌلعب علٌهم‬
‫ٌلخبطن فى االختٌارات انن تفهم ال ‪ category‬انها ‪ type‬او العكس وٌمولن اختار ال ‪ .... E‬حوالى ‪ 3‬او ‪ 4‬اسئله بمى ما بٌن شكل ال‬
‫‪ MCQ‬او شكل مسائل‬

‫***** كذا مسأله عن ال ‪ distance between 2 patches‬اللى هوا ‪ d=4√Rt‬حوالى ‪ 4‬مسائل‬

‫*****سؤال تانى عن ال ‪ insert patch‬وان المفروض تكون الجوانب بتاعتها دائرٌه ولطرها ‪ 1‬بوصه بس انا مشفتش الجوانب ال ‪ 1‬بوصه‬
‫دى غٌر فى ال ‪ external patch‬مش ال ‪ insert patch‬راجعها واتاكد منها بس انا مااخترتهاش ‪ .....‬وسأل برده عن ال ‪insert patch‬‬
‫نكشف علٌها ازاى واخترت ‪UT %111‬‬

‫***** جاب مسأله عالمعادله دى‬

 577 ‫ بص علٌها فى‬FCAW ‫ بتاعت سلكة ال‬designation ‫ال‬ ‫سأل عن‬ *****

****

‫ المفروض االنسبكتور بتعامل معاهم ازاى‬repair and alteration ‫سؤال عن الماتلاير الخاص بال‬ ****

conform with standard ‫وال‬ PMI %111 ‫وال‬ 575 ‫ٌطبك‬

‫شهور‬ 6‫تانى امتى وكان فٌه اختٌار لل‬ ‫*****سأل تأهل اللحام‬
year1 .... ‫ ٌعمل كشف نظر كل اد اٌه‬visual inspector ‫ال‬ ****

 E7018 & E7016 electrodes. Which of the following is the correct ―F‖ number for this
electrode?
 F NO 4
 The strength is not more than 5% below the specified minimum tensile strength of the
base metal
 Polishing
 Spot radiographs
 Tow spot
 transition temperature. (below impact ……………….)
 Surface breaking flow
 Hot spot
 Localized corrosion
 Annex A
 API 510 Exam May 2021

Code Question and Answer Comm

1 ent
ASME Table UW-12 UW-12
VIII Maximum Allowable Joint Efficiencies for Welded Joints
Welding type 1 NO RT 0.70
2
4
P3
 What the inspector look for when inspecting in the weld and HAZ?

- hydrogen cracking
Not Sure
API 571 & 577
5

Figure UCS-66
Impact Test Exemption Curves
2 oF
6

7
8
9

10
 The qualification of NDE personnel, the qualification shall be in accordance with T-120
their employer’s written practice which shall be in accordance with one

- SNT-TC-1A
- ANSI/ASNT CP-189

11
API When can preheat be used in liue of PWHT
12 510
API Is the inspection deferal accepted for a pressure vessel with a known
510 corrosion in the linner or clading?

Defferal should be rejected

13 Not Sure
API ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section for Nondestructive
510 Examination

14 ASME BPVC.V
API Conflict between ASME & API 510 for in service which one should follow?
510
Follow API 510
15
API 15 Question Corrosion rate, remaining life & Inspection intervals 0
510 Gener
16 al
API Vessels not covered in API 510 Scope. 1.1.1
510
17 Pressure less than 15 PSI
API 1.1.2 Intent 1.1.2
510 The intent of this code is to specify the in-service inspection and condition-
monitoring program that is needed to determine the integrity of pressure
vessels and pressure-relieving devices. The program should provide
reasonably accurate and timely assessments to determine if any changes in
the condition of pressure equipment could compromise continued safe
operation. The owner/users shall respond to any inspection results that require
corrective actions to assure the continued safe operation of pressure vessels
18 and pressure-relieving devices.
API As determined by the owner/user some vessels exempted in accordance with 1.2.2
510 the criteria in ASME Code, Section VIII, Division 1 should be considered for
inclusion based on?

An example of such vessels might be vacuum flashers in refining service or

19 other large vessels operating in vacuum service.
API Which API recommended practice for material verification 2
20 510 (API 578)
API Which API recommended practice for Steels for Hydrogen Service at Elevated 2
510 Temperatures and Pressures Norma
21 (API 941) tive
 Refere
nce
API Which action considered alteration? 3.1.1
22 510 Reinforced pipe in shell & head
API Inspector Accept and reject welds based on 3.1.15
510 -Imperfection
- discontinuities
-Flaws
-Defects

defect
An imperfection whose type or size exceeds the applicable acceptance criteria
and is therefore rejectable.

API 577 3.1.19

defect
A discontinuity or discontinuities that by nature or accumulated effect render a
part or product unable to meet minimum applicable acceptance standards or
23 specifications (e.g. total crack length). The term designates rejectability.
API A documented work process using risk assessment to do inspection beyond its 3.1.16
510 due date for a specific period

25 Deferral
API 3.1.16
26 510
API 3.1.41 3.1.41
510 major repair
Any work not considered an alteration that removes and replaces a major part
of the pressure boundary other than a nozzle (e.g. replacing part of the shell or
replacing a vessel head). If any of the restorative work results in a change to
the design temperature, minimum allowable temperature (MAT), or maximum
allowable working pressure (MAWP), the work shall be considered an
27 alteration and the requirements for rerating shall be satisfied.
API Who is the pressure vessel engineer? 3.1.57
510
3.1.57
pressure vessel engineer
A person acceptable to the owner/user who is knowledgeable and experienced
in the engineering disciplines associated with evaluating mechanical and
material characteristics that affect the integrity and reliability of pressure
vessels. The pressure vessel engineer, by consulting with appropriate
specialists, should be regarded as a composite of all entities needed to
properly assess the technical requirements. Wherever the term “engineer” is
28 used in this code, it refers to a pressure vessel engineer.
API What is quality assurance 3.1.59
510 QA

29
API Repair Organization all Except: 3.1.62
510 - owner shop
- contractor selected by owner
- ASME U stamp
30 - ASME VR stamp
 API risk-based inspection 3.1.65
510 RBI based on?
31 (probability and consequence of failure).
API Required vessel thickness? 3.1.9
510 Thickness values in calculations without corrosion allowance.

corrosion allowance
Additional material thickness available to allow for metal loss during the service
32 life of the vessel component.
API Visual examination test for inspectors - Answer every 12 months 4.1.2
33 510
API Best way to measure thickness? 5
510 -MT
-PT
-SWUT
-UT
Cant use SWUT for Thickness measurement.
34
Best way to inspect surface-breaking crack?
- UT
- MT
- ACFM
- RT
General MT, after repair UT, high tempreture ACFM.
API 5.1.3 Minimum Contents of an Inspection Plan 5.1.3
510

35
API Accessible flange faces should be examined for distortion and to determine the 5.11.2
510 condition of?

36 Gasket-seating surfaces
API 5.3.3 Communication 5.3.3
510
Before starting any vessel inspection and maintenance activities (e.g. NDE,
pressure testing, repair, or alteration), personnel should obtain permission to
work in the vicinity (internal or external) from

37 - Operating personnel responsible

 API For carbon and low alloy steels inspection for CUI shall be considered for 5.5.6.1
510 externally insulated vessels and those that are in intermittent service or
operate at temperatures between
38 10 °F (–12 °C) and 350 °F (177 °C) AUST. S.S 140 TO 350F
API Insulation Removal 5.5.6.3
510 Shall the insulation removed to inspect CUI?
If external coverings are in good condition and there is no reason to suspect
damage behind them, it is not necessary to remove them for inspection of the
39 vessel.
API What the inspector should do before CMLs eliminated or the number 5.6.3.2
510 significantly reduced?

40 Consulted a corrosion specialist

API Which NDE method is best for localized corrosion “Pitting”: 5.7.2.2
510
- scanning examination
- MT
- PT
- visual

Scanning examination = UT & RT profile

42 localized corrosion = “Pitting”:
API At what metal temperatures UT corrective procedures should be utilized. 5.7.2.3
510 (typically above 150 °F [65 °C])

43
API When to Perform a Pressure Test 5.8.2.1
510 applied if the inspector believes that one is necessary and specifies it in the
repair plan.
44
API When performing a pressure test a concern should be given to 5.8.6
510 supporting structure

5.8.6 Pneumatic Pressure Tests

Pneumatic testing (including combined hydropneumatic) may be used when
hydrostatic testing is impracticable because of limited supporting structure or
45 foundation, refractory linings, or process reasons.
API Test Temperature and Brittle Fracture Considerations 5.8.7.2
510 To minimize the risk of brittle fracture during a pressure test, the metal
temperature should be maintained at for vessels that have a thickness of 2 in.
(5 cm) or less

10 °F (6 °C) above the MDMT or MAT

46
API 5.9.1
510 When a pressure vessel fails as a result of faulty material what the inspector
should?
review API 510
47 100 % verification checking, 100 % positive material identification (PMI),
API THE TARGET From New Vessel Inspection? 6.2.1.2
510 The vessel is safe for operation.
6.2.1.2 Internal field inspection of new vessels is not required provided
appropriate documentation (e.g. manufacturer’s data reports) assures that the
48 vessels comply with the specified design and specification requirements.
 API 6.3.2 When a RBI interval for the internal or on-stream inspection exceeds the 6.3.2
510 10-year limit, the RBI assessment shall be reviewed and approved by the
engineer and inspector at intervals?

Not to exceed 10 years or more often if warranted by process, equipment, or

49 consequence changes.
API Multizone Vessels 6.5.3
510 For a large vessel with two or more zones of differing corrosion rates, when
determining the inspection intervals or for substituting the internal inspection
with an on-stream inspection.

Each zone may be treated independently.

Each zone shall be inspected based on the interval for that zone.
50
API Inspection intervals for pressure-relieving devices in typical process services 6.6.3.2
510 should not exceed.

51 b) 10 years for clean (nonfouling) and noncorrosive services.

API Given T acual and need the Remaining Life, 7
52 510 Must calculat T required
API 7.4.2 Evaluation of Locally Thinned Areas 7.4.2
510 7.4.2.1 For a corroded area of considerable size the wall thicknesses may be
averaged over a length not exceeding the following:
— for vessels with inside diameters less than or equal to 60 in. (150 cm), one-
half the vessel diameter or 20 in.(50 cm), whichever is less;
— for vessels with inside diameters greater than 60 in. (150 cm), one-third the
53 vessel diameter or 40 in. (100 cm), whichever is less.
API 7.4.2.4 When performing thickness averaging near structural discontinuities 7.4.2.4
510 (e.g. a nozzle, conical section transition, and flange connection), the limits for
thickness averaging shall be considered separately for the reinforcement
window area (or other area of high local stress) and the area outside/adjacent
54 to the reinforcement window (or other area of high local stress).
API 7.4.3 Evaluation of Pitting 7.4.3
510 Select two
- the total area of the pitting that is deeper than the corrosion allowance
does not exceed 7 in.2 (45 cm2) within any 8-in. (20-cm) diameter
circle,
- the sum of the pit dimensions that is deeper than the corrosion
allowance along any straight 8-in. (20-cm) line does not exceed 2 in. (5
cm).
- DO NOT SELECT THE SUM OF DIAMETER

55
API 7.4.5 Joint Efficiency Adjustments 7.4.5
510 Corresion on vessel more that 1in away from weld what is the Joint
Efficiency Adjustments

1
56
 API 7.7 Evaluation of Existing Equipment with Minimal Documentation 7.7
510 Joint efficiency for no nameplate vessel?
use joint efficiency of 0.7 for Type No. (1)
and 0.65 for Type No. (2) butt welds
and 0.85 for seamless shells, heads, and nozzles or consider

57
API Who approve the Repair? 8.1.1
510 inspector or engineer.

59
API Fillet-Welded Patch 8.1.6.1
510 Distance between two fillet-welded patch .2.3

60
API 8.1.6.1.3 Lap Band Repairs 8.1.6.1
510 Can inspector accept Lap Band Repairs using band material inappropriate if .3
contacting the fluid?
-Not accepted
63
 h) The band material and weld metal are suitable for contact with the contained
fluid at the design conditions and an appropriate corrosion allowance is
provided in the band.

API Can we use cap as permenant repair? 8.1.6.1

510 Nonpenetrating nozzles (including pipe caps attached as nozzles) may be .4
used as permanent repairs for other than cracks

64
API Filler Metal Strength for Overlay and Repairs to Existing Welds 8.1.6.3
510 Given Material thickness 1.125” filler metal E6010 is used that has a minimum .2
specified tensile strength lower than the minimum specified
tensile strength of the base metal
The thickness of the repair

67
API 8.1.6.4
510 .3

68
API 8.1.6.4
510 .4

69
API 8.1.7.3 Preheating 8.1.7.3
510 Pre heat must be according to?
- WPS and Applicable code

70
API Local PWHT may be substituted for 360° banding on local repairs on all 8.1.7.4
510 materials, provided that the following precautions are taken and requirements .2
are met.

c) A preheat of 300 °F (150 °C) or higher, as specified by specific welding

71 procedures, is maintained during welding.
API The owner wants to increase the operation tempreture by 100 degree what 8.2
510 we should do?
Rerating
72 Calculations performed.
 API A rerating shall be performed in accordance with the requirements of which 8.2.1
510 code?
The vessel’s construction code.

73
API Who is responsible for rerating calculation? 8.2.1
510
a) Calculations performed by either the manufacturer or an owner/user
engineer (or his/her designated representative) experienced in pressure vessel
74 design, fabrication, or inspection shall justify rerating.
API Pressure Vessel not cover by API 510 Code Exemptions? Annex
75 510 i) a heat input of 200,000 Btu/hr (211 × 108 J/hr), A
API 2-3 questions on caustic corrosion
76 571
API 2-3 questions on caustic corrosion
77 571
API Which DM affect API 571 Deaerators. 3.21.4
571 Corrosion Fatigue

78
API Appearance or Morphology of Damage like in the form of grooves, gullies, 3.27.5
571 waves, rounded holes, valleys, or simply a greater amount of thinning in a
localized area such as the outer radius of a piping elbow.

79 Erosion/Erosion-Corrosion
API amine stress corrosion cracking is most often found : 3.3.1
571
- SS ( Non-PWHT )
- Stainless Steel ( with PWHT )
- Carbon steel ( Non-PWHT )
80 - Carbon steel ( With PWHT )
 API What temperature does Hydrochloric acid occur at? 3.37
81 571 dew point temperature
API 3.36 High-temperature Hydrogen Attack / 3.37 Hydrochloric Acid 3.37
571 Corrosion / 3.38 Hydrofluoric Acid Corrosion

Blistering may also occur at the fluid level

82
API ENDURANCE LIMITS, Mechanical Fatigue (Including Vibration-induced 3.43
571 Fatigue)

83
API 3.61 Sulfidation 3.61
571 3.61.5 Appearance or Morphology of Damage
a) Depending on service conditions, corrosion is most often in the form of
uniform thinning but can also occur as localized corrosion or high-velocity
erosion-corrosion damage. (Figure 3-61-3 to Figure 3-61-7)
b) While generally having a uniform thinning morphology, the amount of
thinning can vary at different locations in the system or at different locations
along the length of a piping run. The difference in the degree of thinning
between low-Si (<0.10 % Si) pipe and higher-Si (≥0.10 Si) pipe in the same
system can be large, with a marked step change in remaining wall thickness at
the transition. See Figure 3-61-4 and Figure 3-61-5.
c) A sulfide scale will usually cover the surface of components. Deposits may
be thick or thin depending on the alloy, corrosiveness of the stream, and fluid
84 flow regime and velocity.
API In which type of Wet H2S Damage Sulfur acts as a recombination poison? 3.67.1
571 - Hydrogen Blistering
- Hydrogen-induced Cracking (HIC)
- Stress-oriented Hydrogen-induced Cracking (SOHIC)
85 - Sulfide Stress Cracking (SCC)
API 3.8 Atmospheric Corrosion temperature up to? 3.8
571
250 OF

86
 API Best Corrosion Resistance alloying metal Open
571
- Chrom & Mo
- Nickel & Cr
- Carbon & Chrom

87
API Advantage of IRIS than electromagnetic?
572 Provide the most quantitative information.
Can identify flaws are on the internal or external surface.

88 Internal rotary inspection system (IRIS)

API Crevice corrosion may exist around the heads of bolts and nuts, The condition 9.3.2
572 of most parts can be determined by?
- RT
- hammer
- remove rust by wire brush
- visual
89
API If inspector notice corrosion under refractory? 9.4.9
572 UT thickness scanning may be made from the external

Refractory linings may spall or crack in service with or without causing any
significant problems. Corrosion beneath refractory linings can result in
separation and bulging of the refractory. If bulging or separation of the
refractory lining is detected, then portions of the refractory may be removed to
permit inspection of the metal beneath the refractory.
Alternatively, UT thickness scanning may be made from the external metal
surface. Thermography may also be useful in detecting refractory or lining
damage.
90
API PRV sent to shop for overhaul when pressure tested after maintenance the
576 initial pressure found higher than the set pressure, what action the inspector
should do?

- accept test
- retest
- do maintenance then retest
91
API Pop pressure & relief valve 6.2.9.2
92 576
 API Pilot-operated pressure-relief valve are generally used? 4.4
576

93
API 6.2.6 Initial Inspection 6.2.6
576 When receiving PSV from acid emviroment the first thing to do?
carefully adhering to rigorous handling
procedures prior to pre-pop testing
Immediately Neutralized / review the material data sheet

94
API When PSV considered stuck? 6.2.9.1
576 Pressure-relief valves that do not pop at inlet pressures of 150 % of CDTP
95 should be considered as stuck shut.
 API PSV Inspection interval consideration 9.1
576 Operating conditions and environments

96
API Spring primary fail with corrosion? Page
576 5.3 Failed Springs 35
5.3.1 General
Spring failures occur in two forms. The first is a weakening of the spring, which
causes a reduction in set pressure and the possibility of premature opening.
The second is a mechanical failure (complete break) of the spring, which
causes uncontrolled valve opening.

Although springs may weaken and fail due to the use of improper materials in
high-temperature service, failed springs are almost always caused by
corrosion. Surface corrosion and stress corrosion cracking are the most
prevalent of this type of failure in refineries.
97
API Nickel based alloys, how much is the percentage of nickel 2
571 10.10.3 Nickel Alloys
30% nickel
98
API 2-3 questions on eddy current
577

99
 API The ability of a metal to absorb energy and deform plastically before fracturing. 10.4.5
101 577 Toughness
API Detecting laminations 9.4
102 577 UT
API For the Brinell Hardness Limits for Steels in Refining Services match the Open
577 correct Brinell Value with Base Metal.
Carbon Steel 200 BHN

103
API 9.5 Alternating Current Field Measurement (ACFM) Page
577 The ACFM technique is an electromagnetic non-contacting technique that is 64
able to detect and size surface breaking defects in a range of different
materials and through coatings of varying thickness. This technique can be
used for inspecting complex geometries such as nozzles, ring-grooves, and
grind-out areas. It requires minimal surface preparation and can be used at
elevated temperatures up to 900 °F (482 °C). However, it is less sensitive and
more prone to operator errors than WFMT. ACFM is used for the evaluation
104 and monitoring of existing cracks.
API Who is responsible for the PMI qualifications of the person performing the test, 6.4
578 including training and experience
105 Should be submitted for review and approval by the owner/user.
ASME Lowest accepted value for tension test?
IX Bring the value from table 422
Then compare with the acceptance criteria in table 1
Notice 5% less under the table.
106
ASME Lowest accepted value for bend test?
IX Crack 3mm
 ASME QW-170 TOUGHNESS TESTS
IX

Back to ASME VIII

ASME The welder is qulified to do the overhead posision weld can he do the MT
IX No requirment for MT posision.
107 NO
ASME Given PWS & PQR for SMW and GMW asking what change in essential valuables
IX may require new WPS & PQR?
-electrode diameter
-AWS Classification SMAW
- AWS Classification GTAW
- Filler meter
- Rod Chemical composition
108
ASME Witch electrodes needs more baking. Open
IX
- E7018
- E6010
- E6017
- E9010
109
ASME
110 V
111 ASME V
ASME V T-262 DENSITOMETER AND STEP WEDGE
COMPARISON FILM
Densitometers shall be calibrated?
112 A national standard step
 ASME T-772 DIRECTION OF MAGNETIZATION T-772
V

113
ASME Maximum Difference in temperature between plate and pressure vessel? 160
V 25 oF

calibration is required?
For contact examination, the
temperature differential between the calibration block
and examination surfaces shall be within 25°F (14°C).
114
ASME Who is responsible for UT Equipment Calibration? 160
V Code User (manufacturer, fabricator or installer

115
ASME 232
V

116
 ASME 233
V

117
ASME Ug Maximum 274
V

118
ASME T-276 IQI SELECTION 276
V Given Vessel Thickness and need to select IQI

119
ASME What is the main depend for IQI? 276
120 V - base metal thickness
ASME Which thickness will be considered in the IQI 276
V - reinforcement
- Base metal
- back strip
- lining

121 Note: do not select lining and back strip

 ASME T-282 RADIOGRAPHIC DENSITY 282
V The density of the radiograph from the density through the body of the designated
hole-type IQI adjacent to the essential hole or adjacent to the essential wire of a wire-
type IQI anywhere through the area of interest shall not?

(1) vary by more than minus 15% or plus 30%

122
ASME When to reject RT? 284
V Bright B
T-284 EXCESSIVE BACKSCATTER
If a light image of the “B,” as described in T-223, appears on a darker background of
the radiograph, protection from backscatter is insufficient and the radiograph shall
be considered unacceptable. A dark image of the “B” on a lighter background is not
cause for rejection.
123
ASME T-761 FREQUENCY OF CALIBRATION YOKE TECHNIQUE 761
V Tolerance. The unit’s meter reading shall not deviate
by more than ±10% of full scale, relative to the actual
current value as shown by the test meter.
Perpendicular Magnetic field on indication

124
ASME
V Direction of Magnetization:
Perpendicular
 ASME T-282 RADIOGRAPHIC DENSITY T-282
V
X-ray 1.8 –4.0
gamma ray 2.0-4.0

125
ASME Impact Test thickness 1.25” Carve C
129 XIII Obligated heat treatment “code obligation”
ASME Two Question Thickness Calculation Head Ellipsoidal
130 XIII
ASME Two Question Thickness Calculation shell cylindrical
131 XIII
ASME UG-102 TEST GAGES UD
XIII (b) Dial indicating pressure gages used in testing shall be graduated over a range of 102
about double the intended maximum test pressure, but in no case shall the range be
less than 11/2 nor more than 4 times that pressure. Digital reading pressure gages
having a wider range of pressure may be used, provided the readings give the same or
132 greater degree of accuracy as obtained with dial pressure gages.
ASME UG-100 PNEUMATIC TEST36 (SEE UW-50) UG-
XIII 100F
Pneumatic test pressure equal to 1.1 MAWP

multiplied by the lowest stress ratio (LSR)

Why PNEUMATIC TEST

1- Damage insulation
2- Weight to support
3- Water damage process

Stages of PNEUMATIC TEST

6 Stages
1- 50% Testing Pressure
2- Add 10% = 60% Testing Pressure
3- Add 10% = 70% Testing Pressure
133 4- Add 10% = 80% Testing Pressure
 5- Add 10% = 90% Testing Pressure
6- Add 10% = 100% Testing Pressure

ASME PWHT UG-40

XIII Heating the vessel in more than one heat in a furnace,
provided the overlap of the heated sections of the
vessel is at least 5 ft (1.5 m).
134
ASME Impact test acceptance criteria.
XIII
(1) Each set of impact test specimens shall consist of
three specimens.
Average above the value in the table and each reading more than 2/3.
 Additional questions for Jan 2022 API 510
(1)
Ellipsoidal head, t=1.25", S=15000, knuckle radius=8'', skirt
diameter=48", E=1, MAWP=??
Available solutions 771,785,731, and another one, but when solved
using ellipsoidal equation, MAWP=777 Psi
(2)The red rectangle

(3)
.PWHT ‫ وسأل ما هي الطريقة المثلى الستبدال ال‬،‫ أعطى فيه نوع الماتيلاير‬،‫سؤال‬
‫ ونختار بناء‬،Group number ‫ وال‬P number‫ سنعرف ال‬QW/QB422 ‫ من جدول‬:‫اإلجابة‬
‫ هو العامل الحاسم ليس‬Group no. ‫ الحظ أن رقم ال‬،Preheating ‫ أو‬CDW ‫عليها إذا كانت‬
.CDW ‫ وبالتالي تكون اإلجابة‬3 ‫ كانت‬Group ‫ ولكن ال‬3 ‫ كانت‬P‫ ألن ال‬،P ‫ال‬
Refers to: API 510, 8.1.7.4.3.2, and 8.1.7.4.3.3
(4)
Which of the following methods not suitable for CDW:
SMAW, GMAW, GTAW, FCAW
‫ وأعطى تفاصيل وأرقام‬Repair ‫ بل قال أن هناك‬،‫التركيز في هذه النقطة ألنّها لم تأت مباشرة هكذا‬
.‫كثيرة لن تؤثر على اختيار الطريقة‬
.CDW ‫ مكان‬Preheating ‫ سيكون نفس االختيار لو كان‬،‫بالمناسبة‬

(5)
Design temperature is:
(a) Average service temperature,
(b) The maximum of inlet and outlet temperatures.

(6)
Three impact test values to choose which of them is not satisfying.
Thickness was 1.5", with 45000 PSI minimum specified yield strength.
UG-48.1

(7)
E7010: 70 refers to: tensile strength after deposition, NOT yield
strength

(8)
Be Aware of meaning of these symbols: API 577 page 136
(9)
Which of the following electrodes put in oven to avoid moisture: 7018

(10)
API 576, 5.2.C
What causes chatter?

‫ لكن بصيغة مختلفة لكن اإلجابة من هذه الفقرة‬،‫ت بنفس هذه الصيغة‬
ِ ‫لم تأ‬
(11)
The question was caustic injection facilities…. To avoid…
Answer:

(12)
About ten problems about corrosion rate, be aware of months when
calculating number of years.
Example: between June 2017 to December 2021, 4.5 year, not 4 years.
(13)
Four problems on distances between patches, take care of
dimensions, inches or mm or combination of them in the same
problem.

(14)
Mechanical fatigue factors: (Drag and drop question) API 571

(15)
API 572

The options:
(a)Wire brush (b)Magnetic (c) scrapper and flashlight

(16)
The question was:
A-Number represent.. (Not sure exactly, but something like that)
The answer included "Ferrous weld metal analysis"
(17)
API 571 9.4.5.5
The question included Caustic and ammonia surface breaking cracks,
the answers available:
WFMPT, ET, AFCM