A

Seminar-I Report
On

Internet Of Things
Great Learning Academy

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement Seminar for the First Semester
Bachelor of Computer Application
by
Virendra Khanka
2392334
Under the Guidance of
Ms. Sonam Tyagi
Assistant Professor

DEPARTMENT OF SCHOOL OF COMPUTING

GRAPHIC ERA HILL UNIVERSITY HALDWANI CAMPUS
TULARAMPUR, NEAR MAHALAXMI TEMPLE, OPP. MIDDAS SQUAR, HALDWANI,
UTTARAKHAND 263139
2023 – 2024
Copy of confirmation-Email/Certificate of Course Completion Received
 PAGE INDEX

Topic Page No.

Certificate i
Acknowledgement ii
1 Introduction 1
2 About IOT 1
3 History of IOT 1
4 Working of IOT 1
5 Advantages 2
6 Disadvantage 3
7 Learning Outcome 3
8 Problem during learning 4
9 Possible remedies
5
10 Future scope
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 CERTIFICATE

THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT MR. VIRENDRA KHANKA HAS SATISFACTORILY PRESENTED

SEMINAR-I. THE COURSE OF THE SEMINAR-I INTERNET OF THINGS IN PARTIAL FULLFILLMENT

OF THE SEMINAR-I PRESENTATION REQUIREMENT IN FIRST SEMESTER OF BCA DEGREE COURSE

PRESCRIBED BY GRAPHIC ERA HILL UNIVERSITY, HALDWANI CAMPUS DURING THE YEAR 2023-

2024.

Class Seminar Coordinator

Ms. Sonam Tyagi

Signature

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I VIRENDRA KHANKA ACKNOWLEDGE THE EFFORTS OF MY MENTOR MS. SONAM

TYAGI AND OF MY COURSE INSTRUCTORS HELPING ME WITH THE COURSE. I

ACKNOWLEDGE THE GUIDANCE, HELP AND RESOURCES PROVIDED TO ME BY MY

PARENTS HELPFUL FOR THE COURSE. I ALSO ACKNOWLEDGE THE ASSISTANCE AND

HELP OFFERED BY MY FRIENDS FOR THE SAME.

Virendra Khanka

[email protected]

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 OBJECTIVE OF THE COURSE
IoT courses have various objectives, including bridging the skills gap in the industry and ensuring career
advancement for individuals. By acquiring IoT education, individuals gain a deep understanding of the
fundamental concepts, hardware, software, data management, networking, and applications of IoT.

INTRODUCTION
The Internet of Things (IoT) describes the network of physical objects “things”—that are embedded with
sensors, software, and other technologies for the purpose of connecting and exchanging data with other
devices and systems over the internet. These devices range from ordinary household objects to sophisticated
industrial tools. With more than 7 billion connected IoT devices today, experts are expecting this number
to grow to 10 billion by 2020 and 22 billion by 2025. These devices can transfer data to one another without
human intervention. IoT devices are not limited to computers or machinery. The Internet of Things can
include anything with a sensor that is assigned a unique identifier (UID). The primary goal of the IoT is to
create self-reporting devices that can communicate with each other (and users) in real time.

HISTORY OF IOT
The term 'Internet of Things' was coined in 1999 by the computer scientist Kevin Ashton. While working
at Procter & Gamble, Ashton proposed putting radio-frequency identification (RFID) chips on products to
track them through a supply chain. Well, the first Internet-of-Things (IoT) device was a toaster invented by
John Romkey in 1990. By 1991, the technique had been entirely automated, with a crane system inserting
the bread.

WORKING OF IOT
1. Sensors/ Devices
The foremost component to consider in Internet of Things technology is sensor/devices. A sensor picks up
all the minute details from an environment. The environment can have many complexities. What makes IOT
security so great is these sensors that pick up even the most sensitive changes. These sensors are built in the
devices which collect all the data to be used later. For instance, our phone is a device with built-in sensors
like GPS, camera, etc.

2. Connectivity

Once the data is collected it is transferred to the cloud infrastructure (also known as IoT platforms). But to
transfer the data, the devices will need a medium. That’s when connections like Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, WAN,
cellular networks, etc come into play. These mediums are all different and must be chosen wisely for best
results. The effectiveness of IoT security highly depends on the speed and availability of these mediums.
3. Data Processing

After reaching the cloud infrastructure the data has to be analysed so that the right action can be taken.
This process is however considered one crucial obstacle in front of IOT app development.
The analysis can be as simple as checking the temperature of the AC or a complex one such as a situation
where an intruder comes in and the device has to identify it through cameras.
The IOT application is made such that it can process all the data at a fast rate to take immediate actions.

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4. User Interface

The last step is when the user is notified about the action with the help of a notification or an alert sound
sent to the IoT mobile apps.
This way the user will know that his command has been run through the systems.
However, this isn’t as easy as it seems. It all depends on what is IoT technology and how it has been
developed.
It becomes crucial for IOT app development companies to develop a system that can also be manually
adjusted.
In a situation where the temperature of the fridge is not cold enough to freeze ice cubes, users should be
able to do that manually without the system backfiring.

ADVANTAGES OF IOT

By automating activities, it saves us a lot of time.

• Information is easily accessible, even if we are far away from our actual location, and it is
updated frequently in real time.
• Electric Devices are directly connected and communicate with a controller computer, such as
a cell phone, resulting in efficient electricity use. As a result, there will be no unnecessary use
of electricity equipment.
• Personal assistance can be provided by IoT apps, which can alert you to your regular plans .
• It is useful for safety because it senses any potential danger and warns users. For example,
GM OnStar, is a integrated device that system which identifies a car crash or accident on road.
It immediately makes a call if an accident or crash is found.

• It minimizes human effort because IoT devices connect and communicate with one another
and perform a variety of tasks without the need for human intervention.

• Patient care can be performed more effectively in real time without the need for a doctor’s
visit. It gives them the ability to make choices as well as provide evidence-based care.

DISADVANTAGES OF IOT

1. Security and Privacy

The largest drawback of IoT may be the loss of privacy caused by the adoption and use of these smart
gadgets in daily life.The Internet may be used to find any user's data thanks to advancements in technology.
This has created a zone where hackers may easily and swiftly discover their target. They may quickly break
into the network and acquire the users' sensitive information.

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 2. Increased unemployment
As the number of IoT devices is increasing day by day, companies have started utilizing the devices more
than the employees. This has left a great number of jobless people as a result. The companies are introducing
fewer jobs as their business is running without more employees.

3. Too Much Dependency on Technology

Nowadays, if a person has a smart device with internet access, they can hold anything. The amount of time
kids spends using electronics is increasing. Instead of reading a magazine, they would rather read an item
online. They just use the Internet for information and avoid buying books.

4. Lose life control

Due to the overuse of technology, people are not leading it but actually, it is leading the people. They are
working according to the planning of these devices and have made themselves a slave of the technology.

LEARNING OUTCOME:
This report provides an overview of the Internet of Things (IoT) and Cloud Computing concepts,
infrastructures and capabilities. This will help me to gain the necessary knowledge to construct IoT systems
and use cloud services for processing and storage of the data produced by the IoT devices. Emphasis will
be placed on the architecture and design of IoT systems, the different technologies (wireless/mobile/sensor)
governing system implementation and the migration of the data to the Cloud for processing. This report
aims to develop knowledge and critical understanding of the underlying principles of Cloud Computing
and IoT systems, and the commercial and business implications of technical advances in this area. I gain
practical experience in the development of Cloud-based IoT systems and exposure to appropriate hardware
and software platforms that underpin such development.
Upon completion of this unit, you should be able to:

1. Identify the Components that forms part of IoT Architecture

The network layer of an IoT architecture is responsible for providing communication and
connectivity between devices in the IoT system. The application layer of IoT architecture is the topmost
layer that interacts directly with the end-user.

Connectivity: This allows devices to send and receive data over the internet.

2. Determine the most appropriate IoT Devices and Sensors based on Case Studies
Air Quality and the monitoring of pollutants that can cause health issues is becoming more important to
our daily lives with governments and regulators keen to both monitor and manage the impacts of poor air
quality caused by a range of pollutants.

3. Setup the connections between the Devices and Sensors

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 all IoT sensors are wirelessly connected to a gateway in the manner of a WLAN. The gateway is then
connected by a service provider to a major communications network by a fiber-optic landline connection
or via wireless connection to a 3G, 4G, or 5G cellular wireless communications network.

4. Evaluate the appropriate protocol for communication between IoT

WiFi Based on IEEE 802.11 (common in homes) 50 to 100 meters

Bluetooth Bluetooth 4.2 core specification 50 to 150 meters
Zigbee Zigbee 2.0 based on IEEE802.15.4 10 to 100 meters

5. Importance of IOT devices

IoT plays a crucial role in enhancing employee productivity by streamlining workflows, automating tasks,
and providing real-time access to information. IoT devices and sensors can be integrated into the workplace
environment, enabling seamless communication, collaboration, and information sharing among employees.

PROBLEMS FACED DURING LEARNING:

1. Finding the proper website
Although Internet Of Things (IOT) is one of the emerging technologies in the field of Computer Science
but I faced problems while searching the proper app or website to learn about IOT. There were many
website which were giving so many information and theories about IOT. The main focus of my was to find
a proper platform that teaches of in detail about the topic and then after spending some to on search I finally
find a website that gave me detailed knowledge on IOT and also a certificate on the topic.
2. Not using so many IOT devices in daily life
IOT is a emerging technology and many people are using it in daily life but not having that much of
advancement around myself. I have seen very few IOT devices around me so it was quiet problematic for
me to imagine that how IOT devices work.

POSSIBLE REMEDIES:
1.IOT Security
This will often involve setting up user accounts and passwords, configuring firewalls andantivirus
software, and installing security updates. Another approach is to use secure wireless networks to connect
IoT devices to corporate networks or government systems.
Make sure all IoT devices are set up and secured appropriately as one strategy. This will often involve
setting up user accounts and passwords, configuring firewalls and antivirus software secure, and installing
security updates. Another approach is to use wireless networks to connect IoT devices to corporate networks
or government systems. This helps protect these systems from attacks and ensures that sensitive data is not

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transmitted over unsecured networks. Finally, it is important to keep up to date with security threats posed
by IoT devices and to implement appropriate security solutions to protect them from attacks. This ensures
that the devices are properly configured and protected from attacks, and personal information is not
compromised.
2. Elnfochips

EInfochips provide end-to-end security solutions that protect the entire information lifecycle, from
collection and storage through transmission and delivery. By protecting data at every stage, these solutions
help organizations prevent data breaches and protect their customers’ information.

FUTURE SCOPE:

Internet of Things has emerged as a leading technology around the world. It has gained a lot of popularity
in lesser time. Also the advancements in Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning have made the
automation of IoT devices easy. Basically AI and ML programs are combined with IoT devices to give
them proper automation. Due to this, IoT has also expanded its area of application in various sectors. Here,
in this section, we will discuss the applications and the future scope of IoT in healthcare, automotive, and
agriculture industries.

a. Healthcare

In this section, we will see the future of IoT in healthcare sector. IoT has proved to be one of the best tools
for the healthcare industry. It helps provide advanced healthcare facilities to patients, doctors, and
researchers. These facilities include smart diagnosis, wearable devices for tracking health, patient
management, and many more. Furthermore, IoT devices have reduced unnecessary strain on the
healthcare system.

b. Agriculture

One of the three basic human needs is food. To fulfill the need for food, we do farming. However, now, as
the population of the world is increasing, the agricultural industry is facing many challenges. Also, changes
in weather conditions and climate hugely impact the agricultural industry. To meet the rising demand for
food, the industry has hence adopted technology to increase productivity. It includes the use of precision
farming, agricultural drones, and smart farming applications.

c. Automotive Industry

In the 21st century, the application of IoT is revolutionizing the automotive industry. One of the major
applications is the creation of self-driving cars that has changed the trends of the automotive industry.
Engineers have created self-driving cars to reduce manual errors and ensure a safe drive. Various companies
around the world are creating self-driving vehicles including Google, Tesla, Mercedes-Benz, Volvo, Audi,
and many more. These self-driving cars use various technologies such as Data Science, Artificial

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Intelligence, Deep Learning, and IoT. IoT devices are programmed in such a way that they assist in creating
an automated system for self-driving cars.

d. Jobs in IoT

As India is a developing country, it has a wide IoT scope. According to Naukri.com, the future scope of
IoT in India is very high as there are 117,114 job openings for an IoT Developer here. On the other hand,
in the United States, the demand for an IoT Developer has jumped over 300 percent. As we know that today
every electronic device comes with an installed IoT system, there is a bright future scope of IoT. Let us
look at the below graph to know the stats of jobs that has been available for an IoT Developer over the
years.

e. Business

IoT devices enable companies to gain insights into how customers interact with their products, helping
them understand customer preferences and optimise services. For example, a company offering vehicle
fleets can track usage in real-time and adjust its subscription plans accordingly to better meet customer
needs. Better customer experiences. IoT devices help businesses track, monitor, uncover and analyze
customer data faster than before. Businesses can predict shifts or trends in customer behaviour before they
happen. Advanced IoT technology can enhance the customer journey by personalizing it based on past
experiences.

f. Education

The times have changed. The current day students enjoy smart boards way more than black boards. Smart
boards are interactive white boards that projects subject images. It enables the teachers and students to
interact with it. How? By simply writing on it or moving it around the class. It is much more fun and
exciting than it is seems at the moment. It is common to think whether smart boards have the ability to
replace black boards in all means or not. The answer is ‘Yes’. Words and illustrated figures on a black
board or text books, fall short at times to express the concept of a lesson in minute ways. Perception
clashes become common and hence the classroom ends up in a pool of confusion. Here, applications of
IoT in education have managed to make education and the exchange of information simple, interesting
and interactive. With smart boards, a teacher can take a sigh of relief. Info graphics, tutorial videos and
complex formulae, be it for any subject and especially of mathematics, could be solved in shorter time
frames. Emergency indicators, audio enhancers, Wi-Fi clocks and hearing impaired notifications are
tangible forms that generate security. In any case there is a short circuit in the institute, the IOT sensors
will immediately detect it and will send out an instant alert to reverse the situation. In case someone will
get stuck in the lift, then also an ‘automated’ real time alert will be sent. On an environmental note, the
significant impact of globalization could be seen in several forms on earth. The chances of earthquakes,
sudden and fatal weather changes have become common. This is the reason why schools and other
institutes of education are investing in IoT sensors and meters in order to call it a day or a holiday if any
danger of a natural calamity gets detected. Few years back from the current time, it was exceptionally
difficult for the disabled children to learn and reflect new things. With the modern technological designs,
learning new things and performing just like any other abled student has become possible. There is a part
of population that has challenges to the sense of hearing. They can seek help from a system of connected
gloves and a tablet to generate verbal speech, translated from sign language. Its excellence in converting

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sound into written language is noteworthy. The world of disabled children is brighter just because IoT
devices have taken the initiatives to provide educational assistance to the disabled children in a
constructive way. This channelizes their intelligence and passion insignificant achievements.
g. Market value of IOT
The global industrial IoT market size was estimated at USD 320.9 billion in 2022 and is expected to hit
around USD 1,562.35 billion by 2032 with a registered CAGR of 17.2% during the forecast period 2023
to 2032. What is the value of IoT devices?
IoT could have an annual economic impact of $3.9 trillion to $11.1 trillion by 2025 across many different
settings, including factories, cities, and retail environments, according to a McKinsey Global Institute
report. But IoT has also become an overwhelming set of initiatives, technologies, and promises.
The Industrial internet of things is generally focused on big data, machine-to-machine communication,
and ML to provide better efficiency and reliability to support industries and businesses in their operations.
The industrial internet of things offers industrial applications such as software-defined production
processes, medical devices, and robotics. Additionally, to increase efficiency and reliability of industries
operations, IIoT support in terms of modern industrial workers, industrial internet, advanced predictive,
brings together critical assets, and prescriptive analytics. IIoT helps to monitor, analyze, deliver, exchange,
and deliver valuable new insights like never before. One of the most significant driving factors to the
growth of the global industrial IoT market due to the new insights can support in terms of faster business
decision-making for industries and helps to drive smarter.
One of the significant factors driving the growth of the global Industrial IoT market is the increasing
awareness related to IoT solutions and widespread adoption of different IoT solutions in various industrial
applications such as robotics, medical devices, and software-defined production processes, among others.
Industrial IoT has incorporated IoT with a number of industrial processes such as automation,
optimization, maintenance, and networking, among others. Industrial IoT helps in providing enterprises
and industries to have better efficiency and reliability in their operations. Henceforth, the Industry Internet
of things is rising the growth of the market owing to the high level of efficiency, and performance offered
by IIoT during operations.

The global Industrial IoT market is expected to benefit significantly from the technological advancements
and new product launches in semiconductors and electronic devices. Additionally, the easy availability of
low sensors and processors at an affordable cost helps in providing real-time access to the information.
This in turn is expected to positively influence the growth of the global industrial IoT market. For instance,
according to the CBI Ministry of Foreign Affairs In 2019, nearly 35 % of the internet of things market
was estimated to reach due to hardware, 22% from connectivity, 27% from IoT services, and 16% from
software.

Another factor driving the growth of the global Industrial IoT market is the growing adoption of (AI) and
IoT in the manufacturing sector. AI and IoT help in the optimization of industrial processes along with
providing quality control, forecasting equipment failure, and sending emergency alerts, among others.
This has in turn increased investment in AI and IoT in the U.S. In the U.S., private investment in AI
reached USD23.6 billion in 2021. This has also increased the use cases of AI and IoT across various
industries.

The growth of the global Industrial IoT market is also being driven by supportive government policies,
schemes, and initiatives across the globe. Different governments across the globe are focusing on

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strengthening the company’s capacities for change and competitiveness to cope with the industry 4.0
revolution. The governments are also focusing on improving the skillset and efficiency of the workforce
thereby benefiting industrial IoT solution providers.

The industrial 4.0 companies are providing endpoints such as devices, automation, industry machinery OEMs,
gateways for IoT automation, cellulars such as AGV/AMR, industrial equipment, sensors, and infrastructure
providers are driving the growth of the IIoT market. The Industrial Internet of things rising the growth of the
market with the help of new trends including the rising popularity of the IIoT digital twin, the development of
an intelligent IIoT Edge, working with persona-based IIoT, improved Functional Safety for IIoT equipment,
and addressing the expanded IIoT cyber-attack surface.

Furthermore, several research and development organizations are developing new potential usage of Industrial
IoT. Major prominent vendors are investing in research and development for increasing productivity in
operations is an important factor for the Industry Internet of Things. Additionally, involving operation
technology on the internet could make industries or businesses more feasible. The Industrial Internet of Things
opens many opportunities for the convergence of IT and OT. Moreover, many government bodies have also
declared their investments in IIoT 4.0. This investment helps business planning to reach the highest proportion
of their IT budgets on IoT projects. In August 2019, the South Korean government declared WON 4.7 trillion
is investing in innovative sectors nearly up to USD 3.2 billion.

COVID-19 IMPACT
The effects of Covid-19 on business and society are yet unprecedented. All over the world healthcare
authorities, governments, and business leaders are more focused on protecting live. During the pandemic,
various supply and demand have suddenly reduced production volumes and closed operations. Additionally,
major key players are also not Investment in research and the development of IoT is continuously declining as
well as Manufacturers and industries have faced numerous difficulties as a result of Covid-19. As the pandemic
continues to expand across North America and developing Asian nations, the demand for industrial IoT is
facing significant difficulties.

Although, industrial IoT has advanced technological devices that increase the productivity and quality of work.
The industrial IoT market after post-pandemic gradually increases to overcome with the help of a trending 3D
printing for additive manufacturing to sensors and semiconductors and hardware varying from assistive
industrial robots. This supports the coordination of factory processes.

Furthermore, Industry 4.0, helps startup companies and major companies to proceed on this journey to
overcome the pandemic situation. Industrial leaders have needed to improve and maintain their operations.
IIoT support during this crisis to improve business, enhance liquidity, and reduce short-term costs, executed
in a plug-and-play mode can be involved in confirming business continuity, reducing economic damage by
confirming employee safety and security.

SMART HOME
A smart home is a residence that uses internet-connected devices to enable the remote monitoring and
management of appliances and systems, such as lighting and heating.Smart home technology -- also
often referred to as home automation or domotics from the Latin word domus, meaning home --
provides homeowners security, comfort, convenience and energy efficiency by letting them control
smart devices, often using a smart home app on their smartphone or another networked device.

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A part of the internet of things, smart home systems and devices often operate together, sharing consumer
usage data among themselves and automating actions based on the homeowners' preferences.

Smart TVs.
These TVs connect to the internet to access content through applications, such as on-demand video and
music TVs also include voice or gesture recognition.
Smart lighting systems.
In addition to being able to be controlled remotely and customized, smart lighting systems can detect when
occupants are in the room and adjust lighting as needed. Smart Bulbs can also regulate themselves based
on daylight availability.
Smart thermostats.
Smart thermostats, such as Google Nest, come with integrated Wi-Fi, letting users schedule, monitor and
remotely control home temperatures. These devices also learn homeowners' behaviors and automatically
modify settings to provide them with maximum comfort and efficiency. Smart thermostats can also report
energy use and remind users to change filters.
Smart door locks and garage door openers.
Homeowners can use smart locks and garage-door openers to grant or deny access to visitors. Smart locks
can also detect when residents are near and unlock the doors for them.
Smart security cameras and systems.
With smart security cameras and doorbells, such as Ring, residents can monitor their homes when they're
away. Smart motion sensors can identify the difference between residents, visitors, pets and burglars and
can send notifications to authorities if suspicious behavior is detected.
Smart pet and lawn care.
Pet care can be automated with connected feeders. Houseplants and lawns can be watered using connected
timers.
Smart kitchen appliances.
Brands such as LG, GE and Samsung offer smart kitchen appliances of all sorts. These appliances include
smart coffee makers that can brew a fresh cup automatically at a programmed time; smart refrigerators
that keep track of expiration dates, make shopping lists or even create recipes based on ingredients
currently on hand; slow cookers and toasters; and, in the laundry room, washing machines and dryers.
Smart household monitors.
Household system monitors can, for example, sense a power surge and turn off appliances, sense water
failures or freezing pipes and turn off the water so the home doesn't flood.
Smart plugs.
These connect to wall sockets to transform simple home devices, such as lamps and ceiling fans, so they
can be controlled remotely via mobile apps and voice assistants such as Alexa. Smart Plug is an “IoT
Based device” used to convert any ordinary device into a smart device. To use the smart plug user needs
to plug it into an electrical socket. Afterward, any device that we want to control remotely is plugged into

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the smart plug socket. A smart plug is a small Wi-Fi-enabled power adapter that plugs into a regular wall
outlet and controls the flow of electricity to connected devices. Once set up, you can control a smart plug
from a companion app on your phone or tablet or from a smart speaker or display.
Smart AC
The introduction of air conditioning (AC) systems arouses from the growing need to control the thermal
comfort of indoor environments and due to the fact that thermal comfort plays a highly influential role -
affecting the satisfaction, livable conditions and the productivity of the inhabitants of the environment. As
with all inventions in initial stages, the earlier conventional methods of controlling AC also faced setbacks
due to its negative impacts on the in- habitants' health as well as its lack of guaranteed productivity, often
leading to high power consumption. This brings us to the idea of Internet of Things (IoT) - based Smart
Air Conditioning systems. The proposed technology is a solution to all the aforementioned problems in
this project. This system has the remarkable feature of combining users' feelings as input, along with the
data taken from various sensors to find the optimal AC temperature. This temperature takes into account
the well-being of the people in the room as well as lesser power consumption. Also this model uses
alternatives for the refrigerants thus making it an eco-friendly one.

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