Methanol has a density of 2.79 g/mL. If 16.
5 mL of this
methanol is added to water to make a 2000.0 mL solution,
calculate the concentration of the prepared methanol solution
in,
i) ppm
ii) molarity
i) Mass CH3OH = 16.5 mL x 2.79 g/mL = 46.035 g
ppm = 46.035 g / 2000.0 mL x 106 = 23017.5 ppm
ii) Methanol, CH3OH, MM = 12 + 3(1) +16 + 1 = 32 g/mol
mol CH3OH = 46.035 g / 32 g/mol = 1.4386 mol
Molarity = 1.4386 mol / 2. 0 L = 0.7193 M
A 25.00 g of potassium chloride is dissolved in water to make 250.0 mL
solution with a density of 1.14 g/mL. Express the concentration of the
solution in.
i) % (w/w)
ii) molarity
i) Potassium chloride, KCl
Mass of solution = 250 ml x 1.14g/ml
= 285 g
%(w/w) = 25.00 g/285 g x 100%
= 8.77 %
ii) Molar mass KCl = 39 + 35.5
= 74.5 g/mol
Mol = mass/MM = 25.00 g/ 74.5 g/mol
= 0.3356 mol
Molarity = mol/volume
= 0.3356mol/ 0.250 L
= 1.34 M
A 500 mL solution contains 26.3 g FeCl3. Calculate the
i) concentration of Fe3+ in g/L.
ii) molarity of Cl-.
i) Mass of Fe = 26.3 x 55.8 / (55.8 + 3 x 35.5)
= 9.04 g
Concentration of Fe = 9.04 / (500/1000)
= 18.1 g/L
ii) Mol Cl = 3 x mol FeCl3
= 3 x 26.3 / (55.8 + 3 x 35.5)
= 0.486 mol
Molarity = 0.486 mol / 0.5 L
= 0.973 M
A solution is prepared by dissolving 3.5725 g H3PO4 in 500 mL
volumetric flask and diluting it to the calibration mark. Calculate the:
i) normality of the H3PO4 solution.
ii) ppm of H+ ion in the solution.
Mol H3PO4 = 3.5725 g H3PO4 x mol = 0.036 mol
98 g H3PO4
Mol H+ = 1 mol H3PO4 x 3 mol H+ = 0.108 mol
1 mol H3PO4
ppm H+ = 0.108 mol H+ x 1 g H+ x 1000 mg x 1 .
mol H+ 1g 0.5 L
=218.72 ppm
Describe the preparation of 1.00 L of 2.00 M ammonium hydroxide,
NH4OH from a concentrated solution that has a purity of 25% (w/w)
and a specific gravity of 0.957.
Molar mass ammonium hydroxide, NH4OH = 14 + 4(1) + 16 + 1
= 35 g/mol
Concentration NH4OH 25% (w/w), specific gravity 0.957
25 𝑔 0.957 𝑔 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 1000 𝑚𝐿
= × × × = 6.8357 M
100 𝑔 𝑚𝐿 35 𝑔 1𝐿
McVc = MdVd
(6.8357 M) Vc = 2.00 M (1.00 L)
Vc = 0.2926 L = 292.6 mL #
Measure 292.6 mL of the concentrated NH4OH and dilute it with
distilled water to the mark in 1.00 L volumetric flask.
Methanoic acid (HCOOH) has a density of 1.22 g/mL. Describe the
preparation of 500 mL 0.70 M HCOOH without weighing the methanoic
acid.
Mol HCOOH = 0.70 x 500/1000 = 0.35
Mass HCOOH = 0.35 x MW HCOOH
= 0.35 x 46.0
= 16.1 g
Volume HCOOH = mass/density
= 16.1 / 1.22
= 13.2 mL
Dissolve 13.2 mL of HCOOH in distilled water in a 500 mL volumetric flask.
Add water up to the calibration mark and shake well.
Calculate the number of millimoles of solute in 200 mL of 1.25 x 10-3 M
CuSO4.10H2O solution.
n = MV
= 1.25 x 10-3 mol L-1 x 0.2 L
= 2.5 x 10-4 mol
= 2.5 x 10-4 x 103 mmol
= 0.25 mmol
Hydrochloric acid is usually sold commercially as 37% (w/w) in a bottle
of 2.5 L. The bottle label stated its specific gravity at 20°C is 1.19 and its
formula weight is 36.46 g/mol. Calculate its molar concentration if the
density of water at 20°C is 0.9982 g/mL.
HCl from commercial reagent, 37 % (w/w) and specific gravity = 1.19.
Density of HCl = specific gravity x density of water
= 1.19 x 0.9982 g/mL
= 1.1879 g/mL
% w/w = mass of solute x 100%
mass of solution
Mass of solute = 37 x 1.1879 g/mL x 1000 mL= 439.52 g
100
Mol of solute in 1L solution = 439.52 g ÷ 36.46 g/mol = 12.05 mol
Molar concentration = 12.05 mol x 1 L = 12.05 M
Atau
M = 37 g x 1000 mL x 1.19 x 0.9982 g x 1 mol .
100 g 1L 1 mL 36.46g
= 12.05 M
The molarity of 90% (w/w) H3PO4 solution is 12.0 M.
i) Determine the density of H3PO4 solution.
ii) Describe the preparation of 200 mL solution of 1.5 N
H3PO4.
i) Molar mass H3PO4 = 3(1) + 31 + 4(16)
= 98 g/mol
M = 12.0 = 90g/100g x mol/98g x density x 1000ml/L
Density (g/mL) = (12.0 mol/L x 100g x 98g x 1L)/(90g x 1000ml x mol)
= 1.307 g/mL
ii) no of equivalent, n H3PO4 = 3
N=nxM
= 3 x 12.0
= 36
N1V1 =N2V2
36V1 = 1.5 x 200 mL
V1 = 8.33 mL
Measure 8.33mL of the concentrated H3PO4 and dilute it with distilled
water to the mark in 200 mL volumetric flask.
Explain how to prepare 250 mL 350 ppm Mg2+ from solid magnesium
sulphate
350 ppm = mass of Mg (g) / 250 mL x 106
Mass of Mg (g) = (350 / 106) x 250 = 0.0875 g
Mass of MgSO4 = 0.0875 x MgSO4 / Mg
= 0.0875 x (24.30 + 32.06 + (4 x 16)) / (24.30)
= 0.4375 g
Dissolve 0.4375 g of MgSO4 in some distilled water in a 250 mL volumetric
flask. Then add distilled water up to the calibration mark and shake well to
make the solution homogeneous
Explain how to prepare 2.0 L solution that is 50.0 ppm in NO3-, from
solid magnesium nitrate
Concentration = 50 ppm = 50 mg/L
Mass of NO3- = 50 mg/L x 2.0 L
= 100 mg = 100/1000 = 0.1 g
Molar mass NO3- = 14 + 3(16) = 62 g/mol
Mol NO3- = 0.1 g/ 62 g/mol
=1.613 x 10-3 mol
Magnesium nitrate = Mg(NO3)2
Mg(NO3)2 Mg2+ + 2NO3-
Mol Mg(NO3)2 / mol NO3- = 1/2
Mol Mg(NO3)2 = ½ x 1.613 x 10-3
= 8.065 x 10-4
Molar mass Mg(NO3)2 = 24 + 2(14) + 6(16) = 148 g/mol
Mass Mg(NO3)2 = 8.065 x 10-4 mol x 148 g/mol
= 0.1194 g
Weigh 0.1194 g of Mg(NO3)2 , dissolve in water and transfer into 2.0 L volumetric flask and dilute it
to the mark.
Explain briefly how to prepare the following solutions in the laboratory
using Pb(NO3)2 as the starting reagent 250 mL 20%(w/v) Pb(NO3)2.
i) 250 mL of 20 % (w/v) Pb(NO3)2.
W x 100 = 20
250
W = 20 x 250
100
= 50 g
Dissolve 50g Pb(NO3)2 in sufficient distilled water in a 250 mL volumetric flask and make up to the
calibration mark.
