- cemmandt: 4 SQL with sullaate
\ CREAT ER
©) CReate TABLE :
this Jy aud to wouale a rw 2Ulalee
(tobi)
Syren CREATE TABLE < suttalion nome /tobu name >
Cfuld 2 datatype ( aizay, po dolo-typa tains), 5
yp EKtenple:
CREATE “TABLE Student Lano NUMBER), sname CHAR(IO),
clos CHAR (5) 4
2 ALTER’
©) ALTER TABLE ... ADD...$ This Wb std to add dome exdta
_inb—existing gwlalion:
Synbon ALTER TABLE slain rma ADD Cru folds latatyps (421),
aes sna fildy° dlolybt (A235. ) 5
Exomplt + ALTER TABLE Ald ADD t Addu CHAR (10);
(b) RATER TABLE. MODIFY 3 “Tha is uatd 40
chong IM
nilations Oe tae ihe
Spb = TER TABLE slain noms MooiFy [ —4 munolota iy
5 we (aus), ld 2 mundola ager oa
5
o 4 quTeR “TABLE MODIFY CAdmame VARCHAR 0), class
Example VARCHAR U5) +
EPROP... 5 Ts 4d addi 12 sumone,
c) NCR sults “i
oy? ALTER ste SN nore ORF COLUMN (4uifol ram),
+ MTER TABLE Audit OED? column ¢aname) «
amp? W) ee
ALTER tague REwAme
TNO iy ud 40g
4 rl swlatrons - 2 i
Syntax «
AYR. AL 5
t TER TABLE as RENAME cocumy (up fild-ra
we CM fald
Chomp Acre Reerata stud See
int REwame COWMNE Snome fr atin
% OM Titel ae Wud to delle the
suai . 14 7
. dil
ee hay U
Sees Roe TABLE tlation maint
Exdmbl : gee trace dol’, 3
3) Tmplumeniation of Ome cortnands 581 with ssucadeee
extumblts ¢
© Trav
« Update
o Hele
INSERT INTO ; Thu Us wuld to odd sucords unto 0 yulnteien
That wu the typi 4 INSERT INTD
yuna wtuch ul as
0 SE i
Syriltoe INSERT N70
py Meade il ph oll jhe satis i
sulation ay soll: of
(s) amo then thomforo ltelid of
fr guloer
7 FROM 4 sulatien roe > GROUP OY
5 : geeecT cut ils
Ggetaoh : SeRPCT © G14 cine
Example", suet Empno , dunn ( bolouy ) from emp GROUP BY empnos
onROUP Haul Te wav elu wea icdid 40 SQL bicattae
1 et Puente repo el) ue LUE 7
on « Ta HAviNN4 fae mua 600 Socal er j
cin by rd mult aldo
utd ye ee tigate - fumelian (C6lumitry
ee phe actin ne vant opusoler va
GROUP BY eatumn name Havin
CCobinmn rams) opocater vatus i 4 opel parctein
EXombU + ge
Atm : Select 4 lostlloms COUNT (ordur. arelun I) As
ON aso Employ = Empbyes » Employcrte ) Gpaup By
Aaatilont HAVING Coumd lonlws . wdirTd) >10,
* ORDER BY: -mu ede dy acca eb og pil
quem a sulation im an Srdoud manor boar gn dome
5 fio -
Syntow Se Lect cau of ula > F
< fulld naame 7
Examblls SQL> sevect ni ,eramt, yob PRIM tm JRDER BY )b5
LNOCCING 5 Am unde JU am vendo ih pouder 149 dala
a Se a Ree Sapa tah valu in ene
OF mit colin of Hu table, S§L Bat Hos dmdtoud
apoyo dt
€pulton var > OR DER BY
amburus TA table with a unique maine
° a a OU uth «the Jom veh an th
asm os column thet form tht umd Kuy
! satinib 1,
ane FNOEX =, cx phe.)
Gps
4+ SWo quia Frat Guts suusial valu
Sub Qunruld com algo swhihnn mere thon ent valut . gurls
sual dhowll 1 made uu along wilh vet ofsrabors in dreh omg
1. muddle qual i
fu mere Phare ent dub quoy is ubtols Hunt mbtipit ab qubiae
wr comma ty muons oa and7A ‘os Kiguerdh.
wg ft 1 i Ee
4 Stud
De Se
tenbliemimtntin xf Auth
Wneak bob
TY)
lew Lum
adel
i Sge U9
‘ fume R
A wu) oma punt sp ath ERE, Oma Tain) tatem
d nent
pom ne. drat i ow We
; otra cb of alata. sl coming
Wd Ag yu ob
rUshich cenaiats
oO det q ;
{ee on ay move table mila colt.
ou met otore hat tat fe
{ Ae ee sien il i ao Unb tut UE
Oo qu ecered
os om obpek.
Syriaw : cReaTE view
< wid nomer AS
SELECT «aut ; fe
PROM sulahon moma WHERE CLendition
Pron erat abe
trample °
combi cw
EATE VIED & MH SELECT embno, rant , job
FROM EmP WHERE job = "elu? ; ; 2
vd guotid .
examples cRERTE VIEO [omunt Padus Uist] As
eee 1 Pruoottet Name
fRom (models
WHERE Haarselinusd = Nos
5 A ww com upload OY utr ah felon
vpiating 2
: eo qui nant AS
syste: ceente oe epeace “
Syatiint gevect cobunna-vanre )
PRO tell rant -
were conlille Pied connor!
; wash vos QROP ELD Com
po tivg a vin CA ern
oft A
cer vier 4 @)
2) cua,
in of ditt ‘
Constraints f uy ypu of, cout
travian uur ald Yo
St
«Olaf: cin abl GH Hius Lj sample ta
Soibiainy amd tne tte action » yd chon dee ae
Unabevinls Te an ke aptiitd wtun w tabt
“Any CREATE TABLE eblumint) ot says te dnb
Custvg ALTER TABLE atatununt )
0 4
NOT MULL > wun a veolumn Afoid 99 Hor MULL, Hen Hah
tolumn -bicemu a mandatory eblomn , 1 plik tak 9 yalus
ut bi entuad intn dh Selumn 4 Hu steebrel ib to bo
e secppted fe Merogx in the fable «
Syeletl) CREngTeN TABU en Teme ire eierne tran eae Let )
Be Not NULL) 5
Exlmbu t cReATE TABLE Ud L.A UMBER (3) NOT NULL ,ramma cHen (iol);
v
2. UNIQUES The Aone @ umigut fay ib 40 enuuor Hak 5
Sm He glut) Yo umyut ie a yalut entsud im eglumag
dred in de Lonuduind must not bs sefptotd accel Hu
v
@ vere), ptobl may Rade mamy wig jays.
Syl ! CREATE TABLE TabtL nar (Ortumn-rame dtp (SAU UNIQUE
exomph: CREATE THBLE Auclent (ano NUMBER (3) UNIQUE ams CHARL2));
: thot each sow in He sub TULLE
: ie F Ye
3, CHEE: Spy Meee | each Sow
rare shy comabitise oul TRUE OF wee
viol smut 4
(as too ut)
CREATE TABLE Tabl-rame ( trluumn —naene “dah. App tas ) CHECK,
ops Copal exysultion JJ
CpEATE TABLE dtudmt (4nd. NUMBER (3), nomu CHAR (ie)
wipss CHARIS) CHECK Colas TVC'ese', ‘cad', 'VLST'Y & Po
et tA ful which A aed 46 udlinlify a ence
wiuyuily . A column wr Lombinod
tn 4 rolien
bee ES) anova
Of column
Sap kay ustich 4
Hyhimer prone gidey dats), rd COM BE uid
4 in n ei
As eroten ou Mauty table Loublt eevee osrnasly a
3)
U mut wrquily daurdity each spucerol on va table
> TF mut vento uougue abun
TH counet be a mull quite
He aust be mull pert fold
> Ta dbewtel contain gq minimum no 4 ¥ files meermory 40 be
ae
called eq
StS cReATE TABLE Tapte -narme Ceglumn ram aS me
PRIM BRA KEYs
ExumpU > CREATE HOLE fpr Heo NUMBER (3) PRIMARY KEY»
ee frum. CHAR (103) 5
5» FOREN Key: oh yo dobl dul erubdw we me
ts at column dul. To Huguet tae th pa
column sothor dab hy ee eam cok Lat
utd See let hy is Lajas poo Sap
ec. eld oe male wal
> js Hypsncd shy Hee farlgn.
Siete + CREATE TABLE abl column vara dol bebe (130)
a 6H KEY Ligumn.ntrru} REFERENCES Labi rang
Examplts CREATE TABLE ubyict (scoot NumBeR (a) PRIMARY KEY,
dub mame .CHAR LH), Feoll NUMBER (4), PO REIGN Key (ents)
PeEPERENCE Facutly) s ating Oaloboar | Tabu space
¥ ‘. soe anoltti, Ode
See eo ;
Cyn Sega consis win tht wlfor table com
Sato s ALTER TABLE JabU-namu ADD PRIMARY Key / colunm nam
ae ALTER TABLE student Add Primary Key (mo);
o
Sqrclk $ ALTER TABLE Jabli -nom ADD CONSTRAINT eonticaint rat
‘ PRIMARY KEY (cotnarme)
Aomblls ALTER TABLE siudunl ADD awl STRAINT sr PRIMARY KEY (ane )
Qyeppe ‘ntagey conabitinks um te wltey doble command ;
Sipedtnt > ALTER TABLE foburame DROP contnaint—ramu >
exomple : ALTER TABLE student OKoP fRIMARY REY;
ef
be) ,
Syatari + ALTER TABLE ae tenabuaiml nome;
E 6 STRAINT An %
examples ALTER TABLE OROP CONSTRAINT 405,
ef y alt
g DepAULT cenabhtind Ju uuid 1 wrinucl ox OH
6+ font an a column "The dif th youu wll be addled
fp all nw) Pecado oto vou
-
Surbnok + CREATE TABLE dnbt-varnt ( tol-nama cola? loans 9
OEPROLT ‘!)5 2
Lea ene. le a to yom HARUD),
clas HAR (22) Oe AULT \ purtargabod
MARC Imblomrurdation
4 ROU back y Lommit y Sonu point
\ Commu « i
an + Thu temmand bud 4 end a adnongoctian wl
by Aub af i commit Command Buunnetion chon .
mode fommavint 4) it clatorour. j a
Syed + Commirs
euamb# 3 Comm 5
SAVE POINT ; Sonu porns ayr_tbt vmaiRs 40 chide 0 rH
Aumgtty Bumaction Yo duvallor ores - Ta wou ual +0
vdunutify a point win & dXomgociion +o ustuch Ht Com Lotlor
ule bork: Uy AeA pounk Gj unl im carfamctuer suit all
pask -
ae
Caarenple + §
5 gave Point Td;
pve POINT X42
rat ege sao Les)
pe eet Cee a Ms, na jo wot 4 SOL
pemt a voll bock-
aialumunt ote tht dat
gacx Convert promsasuer com bi
Sprit 3 goul i f
yy ort BAEK #0 Sant Pairs TD;
not back)
example RoLl BACK
iB RoLiBAck To gave POINT *YFs O} Gunting Salnbout, | Table pore
\ Managing Uda ~ Gun, wun, Cove Ald
* Mor Posy wordt
+ Maange Hol i. Usa y Revokt
CREATE USER? Tw OBA Cal HME by exueu Caan
statment « Wain da domuont hb connucl Jo We
dlolebaue Jf eouy pdaitens a pasted
Syria + oReATE USER
A> CREATE USER < Uduinnrntr © - (n
entices B i Capra of Wir to bt uated )
TDEN b BY Revone
Pitigns
Hic an
| pile
on ap
FROM “wer
Coetle
cual sud
REVoKe
dled, sicink
ON emp
PRo