Project Id: 24-PJ-IT-37 A PROJECT REPORT On FACIAL RECOGNITION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Submitted In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Bachelor us Technology Information’ Technology By Harshit Tiwari (2000300130054) Jeevant Srivastava (2000300130059) Nitin Srivastava (2000300130087) Prabhat Kumar (2000300130093) Under the Supervision of Ms. Varsha Saxena INDERPRASTHA ENGINEERING COLLEGE GHAZIABAD, UTTAR PRADESH AFFILIATED TO DR. A.P.J. ABDUL KALAM TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY LUCKNOW, UTTAR PRADESH (SESSION: 2023 - 2024)DECLARATION We hereby declare that this submission is our own work and that, to the best of our knowledge and belief, it contains no material previously published or written by another person nor material which to a substantial extent has been accepted for the award of any other degree of the university or other institute of higher learning, except where due acknowledgment has been made in the text. Signature: Name: Harshit Tiwari Roll No.: 2000300130054 Date: Signature: Name: Jeevant Srivasta’ Roll No.: 2000300130059 Date: Signature: Name: Nitin Srivastava Roll No.: 2000300130087 Date: Signature: Name: Prabhat Kumar Roll No.: 2000300130093 Date:CERTIFICATE This is to certify that Project Report entitled “Facial Recognition Attendance System” which is submitted by Project Group (24-P-J-IT-37) in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of degree B. Tech. in Department of Information Technology (IT) of Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, is a record of the candidates own work carried out by them under my supervision, The matter embodied in this thesis is original and has not been submitted for the award of any other degree. Date: SupervisorACKNOWLEDGEMEN' It gives us a great sense of pleasure to present the report of the B.Tech. project undertaken during B.Tech. Final Year. We owe special debt of gratitude to Ms. Varsha Saxena Mam for her constant support and guidance throughout the course of our work. We also do not like to miss the opportunity to acknowledge the contribution of all faculty members of the department for their kind assistance and cooperation during the development of our project. Last but not the least, we acknowledge our friends for their contribution in the completion of the project. Signature: Name: Harshit Tiwari Roll No.: 2000300130054 Date: Signature: Name: Jeevant Srivast: Roll No.: 2000300130059 Date: Signature: Name: Nitin Srivastava Roll No.: 2000300130087 Date: Signature: Name: Prabhat Kumar Roll No.: 2000300130093 Date: fli|PageABSTRACT ‘The main purpose of this project is to build a face recognition-based attendance monitoring system for educational institution to enhance and upgrade the current attendance system into more efficient and effective as compared to before. The current old system has a lot of ambiguity that caused inaccurate and inefficient of attendance taking. Many problems. arise when the authority is unable to enforce the regulation that exist in the old system. The technology working behind will be the face recognition system. The human face is one of the natural traits that can uniquely identify an individual, Therefore, it is used to trace identity as the possibilities for a face to deviate or being duplicated is low. In this project, face databases will be created to pump data into the recognizer algorithm. Then, during the attendance taking session, faces will be compared against the database to seek for identity. When an individual is identified, its attendance will be taken down automatically saving necessary information into a excel sheet. At the end of the day, the excel sheet containing attendance information regarding all individuals are mailed to the respective faculty. Keywords - Smart Attendance System, NFC, RFID, OpenCV, Numpy iv[PaNOVELITY OF PROJECT + Provides an automated attendance system that is practical reliable and eliminate disturbance and time loss of traditional attendance system. + Present a system that can accurately evaluate students performance depending on the recorded attendance rate v[PagewiIPa LIST OF SYMBOLS x is Integer value. Not Equal Belongs to Euro- A Currency Optical distance Optical thickness or optical half thicknesssw HW RFID NFC OpencVv vil|P LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS And Software Hardware Radio Frequency Identification Near Field Communication Open Source Computer VisionTABLE OF CONTE PAGE 1. DECLARATIO! i 2. CERTIFICATE ii 3. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .. it 4. ABSTRACT ...s.sccceeesseees 5 beers ae iv 5. NOVELITY OF PROJECT v 6. LIST OF SYMBOLS ......000sseeeeeoses a vi 7. LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ..... vii 8. INTRODUCTION .......0:cssssceeesssseeesessseneeeees Perret 1 9. OBJECTIVES ; ce crea : 2) 10. PROPOSED METHODOLOGY cece . oo 3 11, LITERATURE REVIEW ... 5 12. S/W & H/W REQUIREMENTS ...... 10 13, FUNCTIONALITIES OF PROJECT ......scccssssssesesssssssecsssstseeesssenseensssenseee i 14, TIMELINE OF THE PROJECT .....ssscsccossssescsesssseessessseeecessseees 14 15. CONCLUSION .......eesssseseees Ecce ere 15 16, PROGRESS REPORT «......sscssssssseeessssseeesssssseeessssseessssnsnsiieeenenseseeees 16 (7) REFERENCES) ce 17 vill |P «INTRODUCTION This is a project about Facial Recognition-Based Attendance System for Educational Institutions. In this chapter, the problem and motivation, research objectives, project scope, project contributions and the background information of the project will be discussed in detail. Problem Statement and Motivation According to the previous attendance management system, the accuracy of the data collected is the biggest issue. This is because the attendance might not be recorded personally by the original person, in another word, the attendance of a particular person can be taken by a third party without the realization of the institution which violates the accuracy of the data. For example, student A is in fact student A didn’t attend the class, but the system overlooked this matter due to no enforcement practiced. Supposing the lazy to attend a particular class, so student B helped hinvher to sign for the attendance which institution establish an enforcement, it might need to waste a lot of human resource and time which in turn will not be practical at all. Thus, all the recorded attendance in the previous system is not reliable for analysis usage. The second problem of the previous system is where it is too time consuming. Assuming the time taken for a student to sign his/her attendance on a 3-4 paged name list is approximately 1 minute. In I hour, only approximately 60 students can sign the attendance which is obviously inefficient and time consuming. The third issue is with the accessibility of those information by the legitimate concerned party. For an example, most of the parents are very concerned to track their child's actual whereabouts to ensure their kid really attend the classes in college/school. However, in the previous system, there are no ways for the parents to access such information. Therefore, evolution is needed to be done to the previous system to improve efficiency, data accuracy and provides accessibility to the information for those legitimate party. 1]PageOBJECTIVES In order to solve the drawbacks of the previous system the existing system will need to evolve. The proposed system will reduce the paperwork where attendance will no longer involve any manual recording, The system will also reduce the total time needed to do do attendance recording. The new system will acquire individual attendance by ‘means of facial recognition to secure data accuracy of the attendance. The following are objectives of the project: To develop a portable Smart Attendance System which is handy and self-powered. To ensure the speed of the attendance recording process is faster than the previous system which can go as fast as approximately 3 second for each student, Have enough memory space to store the database. ‘© Able to recognize the face of an individual accurately based on the face database. © Allow parents to track their child’s attendance. Develop a database for the attendance management system. Provide a user-friendly interface for admins to access the attendance database and for non admins (parents) to check their child's attendance by mailing the attendance. Allow new students or staff to store their faces in the database by using a GUI. Able to show an indication to the user whether the face- recognition process successful or not. Project Scope and Direction: ‘The main intention of this project is to solve the issues encountered in the old attendance system while reproducing a brand new innovative sma8 system that can provide convenience to the institution, In this project, an application will be developed which is capable of recognizing the identity of each individuals and eventually record down the data into a database system. Apart from that, an excel sheet is created which shows the students attendance and is directly mailed to the respected faculty. 2|PaPROPOSED METHODOLOGY Before the attendance management system can work, there are a set of data needed (o be inputted into the system which essentially consist of the individual's basic information which is their ID and their faces. The first procedure of portrait acquisition can be done by using the Camera to capture the faces of the individual, In this process the system will first detect the presence of a face in the captured image, if there are no face detected, the system will prompt the user to capture their face again until it meets certain number of portraits which will be 10 required portraits in this project for each student. The decision of storing only 10 portrait per student is due to the consideration of the limited storage space in the raspberry pi because the total amount of students in the university is considered heavy. Then, the images will undergo several pre- processing procedures to obtain a grayscale image and cropped faces of equal sized images because those are the prerequisites of using the Eigen Faces Recognizer. Both of the processes mentioned above can be represented in the diagram below. i la Image Acquisition and Pre-processing procedures: After the images are being processed, they are stored into a file in a hierarchy manner. In this project, all the faces will be stored in a hierarchy manner under the ,database” folder. When expanding through the database folder, there will consist of many sub-folders which each of them will represent an individual series of face portrait belonging to the same individual will be stored in that particular sub-folder. The sub- folders that represent each individual will be named upon the ID no. of that individual which is unique for every single individual in the institution. The whole process of image retrieval, | pe I i: i pre-processing, storing mechanism is done by the script named create_database.py 3|PaHierarchy manner of the face database After a successful retrieval of facial images into the respective folder, a CSV files created to aid the next process of pumping the faces into the recognizer for the training process. The creation of the CSV file will be done based on a script named create_csv.py. In this project, the content of CSV file will look like the following format: map Fie dataset /studentid .0 .jpg Structure of the content in the sy file After having sufficient images in the database, those images will then be inserted into a training mechanism, There are generally 3 different types of training mechanism provided in OpenCV 3.4 which are Eigen Faces, Fisher Faces, and Local Binary Patterns Histograms (LBPH). The recognizer that will be focused in this project will be the Eigen Faces recognizer. The concept behind Eigen Faces is simple — it recognizes a particular face by catching the maximum deviation in a face and then turning those identified variations into information to be compared when a new face arrives. In the training process, the csv file will be read to provide the path to all of the images where those images and labels will be loaded into a list variable. Then, the list will be passed into the training function where the training process will take a measurable time to run. The larger the face database, the longer the time will be needed to train those image. 4|P aLITERATURE REVIEW 1) Online attendance system based on facial recognition with face mask detection This paper presents an online system for recording attendance based on facial recognition incorporating facial mask detection. The main objective of this project is to develop an effective attendance system based on face recognition and face mask detection, and to provide this service online through a browser interface. This would allow any user to use this system without the need to install special software. They simply need to open the interface of this system in a browser through any terminal. Recording attendance information online allows data to be easily recorded in a centralized online database. Since faces are used as biometric signatures in this project, all users registered in the system will have their profiles loaded with their face-images samples. Initially, before face recognition can be done, the model trai phase based on SVM will be carried out, mainly to develop a trained model that can perform face recognition. A set of synthetic data will also be used to train the same model so that it ean perform identification for users wearing face masks. The server application is coded in Python and uses the Open-Source Computer Vision (OpenCV) library for image processing. For web interfaces and the database, PHP and MySQL are used. With the integration of Python and PHP scripting programs, the developed system will be able to perform processing on online servers, while being accessible to users through a browser from any terminal. According to the results and analysis, an accuracy of about 81.8% can be achieved based on a pre-trained model for face recognition and 80% for face mask detection. Keywords: Attendance system; Face mask detection; Face recognition; Python; Machine Learning 5|PageAn online attendance system based on facial recognition with face mask detection combines advanced computer vision techniques to automate the attendance tracking process: while addressing the challenges posed by the use of face masks. This system is particularly relevant in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, where wearing masks has become a common practice to mitigate the spread of the virus. Here's a detailed explanation of such a system: System Components: Facial Recognition Module: 1. The system uses a facial recognition algorithm to identify and verify individuals based on their facial features. Common techniques include Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNS) for feature extraction and matching. Face Mask Detection Module: 1. A dedicated module is integrated to detect the presence of face masks. This involves using image processing and machine learning techniques to identify whether a person is wearing a mask. Deep learning models, such as CNNs, can be trained on datasets containing images of people with and without masks. Online Attendance Tracking System: 1. The system is integrated with an online attendance tracking platform, allowing real- time recording of attendance data. This could be a cloud-based system that securely stores attendance records and provides easy access to authorized personnel. User Database: 1. A database stores the facial features of individuals along with their attendance records. This database facilitates quick and accurate recognition during the attendance marking process.5. User Interface 1. The system includes a user interface accessible by administrators, teachers, or designated personnel. This interface allows them to monitor attendance, view reports, and manage the system settings. Workflow: 1, Enrollment: 1, Individuals are enrolled in the system by capturing their facial features during a registration process. This involves taking multiple images from various angles to create a comprehensive representation of the person's face. 2. Face Mask Detection: 1. During the attendance check, the system captures the person's face and uses the mask detection module to determine whether a mask is present. If a mask is detected, the system proceeds with facial recognition. 3. Facial Recognition: 1. The facial recognition module compares the captured facial features with those stored in the database. If a match is found, the person is identified, and the attendance is recorded. 4. Attendance Recording: 1. The system logs the attendance data in real-time, updating the online attendance tracking system. The recorded information may include the individual's name, timestamp, and whether a mask was detected. 5. User Notification: 1. The system can send notifications to individuals, administrators, or relevant stakeholders regarding attendance status. Notifications may include alerts for missing attendance or notifications for individuals not wearing masks in compliance with safety protocols. ing and Analytics: 1. Administrators can access attendance reports and analytics through the user interface. This allows for monitoring attendance trends, identifying patterns, and generating insights for decision-making. Challenges and Consideration + Accuracy and Robustness: + Ensuring the system is accurate and robust under various lighting conditions, facial expressions, and mask types is crucial + Privacy and Data Security: + Adhering to privacy regulations and implementing robust data security measures to protect the stored facial data and attendance records. + Scalability: + Designing the system to handle a scalable number of users and ensuring it remains efficient as the user base grows T|Page* Integration with Existing Systems: + Seamlessly integrating the facial recognition attendance system with existing school or organizational databases and systems. Implementing an online attendance system based on facial recognition with face mask detection involves a combination of sophisticated algorithms, data management practices, and user-friendly interfaces to create a reliable and efficient solution, Regular updates, continuous monitoring, and user feedback are essential for refining and improving the system's performance over time. 2) Face Recognition Based Attendance System Face recognition, fingerprint recognition, and other biometric authentication methods are gradually becoming the most promising means for identifying a person's face. We can use them in our phones, laptops, offices, and other devices. However, pupils’ attendance is still taken manually, which takes a long time and is extremely inefficient. To preserve that valuable time, we needed an automated operating attendance system that eliminated all of the drawbacks of collecting attendance on paper. We're putting together a system that's both efficient and dependable. Using OpenCV, we created a face recognition-based attendance system. We can apply our attendance system anywhere, not just for students. For face detecting and recognizing, the Haar Cascade algorithm is utilized. Human face is the most significant component of the human body for identifying a person. Face recognition is another type of biometric recognition that maintains all of a person's facial traits as distinct face prints in order to uniquely identify them. Biometric face recognition has received a lot of traction among researchers due to its versatility and usefulness. Also its contact free procedure, that is why it outsmarts all other recognitions like fingerprint, iris print and palm print. Face recognition technology is also able to detect a person from far away, without coming in physical contact with The photo that has been captured will be keep in the database. Afier that we can use this project in many ways like face recognition systems will be used in crime related reports. To identify the persons in all scenarios such as change of the illumination, pose, age, and so on, we need a very huge dataset and complicated attributes.In recent years, Significant progress has been made in the field of biometric like face recognition systems till date. There has been enormous progress in the field of facial recognition during the last decade. Many facial recognition algorithms today work well even with a limited number of faces in pictures. Although, these types of methodologies had been testing under very limited and very controll lightined conditioning, very proper faces pose and usually non- blurred images. Face recognition-based attendance systems will be based on the technology of face recognition and it will be very useful for teachers will provide a very convenient way of marking attendance of the students for teachers. Face recognition is done by LBPH and the Haar Cascade algorithm is utilize for face detecting, attendance-based systems can be used by teachers for their convenience. A Face Recognition Based Attendance System is an innovative and efficient solution that leverages facial recognition technology to automate the process of tracking and recording attendance. This system is designed to replace traditional methods, offering a contactless and accurate means of identifying and recording individuals in various settings, including educational institutions, corporate offices, and events. rae s advanced fi core, the system utiliz ial recognition algorithms, often based on deep91Pa learning techniques such as Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). During the initial setup, individuals are enrolled in the system by capturing multiple images of their faces from different angles. These images are used to create a unique template or signature for each individual, which is then stored in a secure database. When individuals enter the designated area for attendance, high-resolution cameras or webcams capture real-time images of their faces. The facial recognition algorithm processes these images, extracting key facial features and comparing them against the stored templates in the database. If a match is found, the system successfully identifies the individual, and their attendance is recorded in real-time. The recorded information typically includes the individual's name, timestamp, and any additional relevant data, One notable challenge addressed by Face Recognition Based Attendance Systems is the ability to handle variations in lighting conditions, facial expressions, and other environmental factors. Robust algorithms are essential to ensure accuracy and reliability under diverse circumstances, enhancing the system's overall effectivenes Privacy and data security are paramount considerations in the implementation of these systems. To address privacy concerns, many systems utilize techniques such as facial feature encryption, ensuring that sensitive biometric data is stored securely and cannot be easily compromised. User acceptance is another critical factor, especially in environments where individuals may be apprehensive about the use of facial recognition technology. Transparent communication about the system's purpose, security measures, and compliance with privacy regulations ii vital to gaining trust and acceptance from users. The advantages of a Face Recognition Based Attendance System include its contactl nature, reduced administrative workload, and the ability to generate accurate and real-time attendance reports. Additionally, these systems contribute to a more secure and efficient environment, particularly in situations where large groups of individualls need to be managed. As technology advances, these systems continue to evolve, incorporating features such as ‘mask detection, emotion recognition, and improved accuracy. Regular updates, adherence to ethical standards, and responsiveness to user feedback are crucial elements in the ongoing development and successful deployment of Face Recognition Based Attendance Systems in various organizational and institutional settings,SOFTWARE & HARDWARE REQUIREMENT SYSTEM DESIGN The design pa< of the attendance monitoring system is divided into two sections which consist of the hardware and the software part. Before the software The design part can be developed, the hardware part is first completed to provide a platform for the software to work. Before the software part we need to install some libraries for effective working of the application. We install OpenCV and Numpy through Python. 3.1 Hardware Development ‘© Camera Module with good mega pixels. ‘© Power Supply Cable * 16Gb Micro SD Card Class 10 3.2 Libraries Development “3.2.1 OpenCV” OpenCV (Open source computer time computer vision. The OpenCV project was initially an Intel Research initiative to advance CPU-intensive applications, part of a series of projects including real-time raytracing and 3Ddisplay walls. The main contributors to the project included several optimization experts in Intel Russia, as well as Intel's Performance Library Team. mn) is a library of programming functions mainly aimed at real- In the early days of OpenCYV, the goals of the project were described as: Advance vision research by providing not only open but also optimized code for basic vision infrastructure, No more reinventing the wheel Disseminate vision knowledge by providing a common infrastructure that developers could build on, so that code would be more readily readable and transferable. Advance vision-based commercial applications by making portable, performance optimized code available for free — with a license that did not require code to be open or free itself. “3.2.2 NumPy” NumPy is a package that defines a multi-dimensional array object and associated fast math functions that operate on it. It also provides simple routines for linear algebra and sophisticated random-number generation. NumPy replaces both Numeric and Numarray. 1o[PageFUNCTIONALITIES OF PROJECT The proposed system is a software system which willmark attendance using facial recognition.In this, project we used OpenCVmodule integrated with Python which will helps the institutionto make the attendance process easy and efficient. The system comprises of Computer, HD Video Camera and Wi- Fi module or Internet Steps of Working: > Initiate the firstpage-py python script. Create a DATASET of the student by entering his ID Number. Train the dataset, aymi file i created, > Apicture of the class is taken, and the RECOGNIZER python fie is initiated. > Attendance is taken by cropping the faces in the picture and comparing with the faces inthe database. > Ifa face is matched, the responding name with PRESENT status is marked in aEXCEL file with the current date and tim > The EXCEL file can be mailed by entering the email after initiating the MAIL python script. ig 8.1 - Contents of the Project: Fig 8.2 -firstpage.py iPFig 8.3- Create Dataset: 3.4 - Dataset Capture: Fig 8.5 - Database: Fig 86 - training dataset.py 12|PFig 8.7 -trainer.y Fig 8.9 - Attendance Fi 13/PaTIMELINE OF THE PROJECT “* REQUIREMENT: * DESIGN: ‘ IMPLEMENTATION: “ VERIFICATION: * PRESENTATION: 14|PageCONCLUSION Face recognition systems are part of facial image processing applications and their significance as a research area are increasing recently. Implementations of system are crime prevention, video surveillance, person verification, and similar security activities. The face recognition system implementation can be part of Universities. Face Recognition Based Attendance System has been envisioned for the purpose of reducing the errors that occur in the traditional (manual) attendance taking system. The aim is to automate and make a system that is Useful to the organization such as an institute. The efficient and accurate method of attendance in the office environment that can replace the old manual methods. This method is secure enough, reliable and available for use. Proposed algorithm is capable of detect multiple faces, and performance of system has acceptable good results 15|PaPROGRESS REPORT VII SEMESTER Brief Description of Work First Review ‘Second Review Third Review Final Review PROGRESS REPORT VIII SEMESTER Brief Description of Work First Review ‘Second Review Third Review Final Review 16|P aREFERENCES [1] D. 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Samantaray, "Real-Time Image Processing: Face Recognition based Automated Attendance System in-built with “Two-Tier Authentication” Method," 2020 International Conference on Data Science and Engineering (ICDSE), Kochi, India, 2020, pp. 1-6, doi: 10.1109/ICDSES0459.2020.9310090. URL: p.jsp?tp=8al 39) 18|P