Ratio, rate and proportion © Ratio © Scale * Rate © speed "Direct proportion © Unitary method * Ratio method ** Inverse proportion In this chapter you will learn how to: * record relationships using fli notation * find one quantity when the other is iven * divide amounts in'3 aiven ratio + make sense of scales on maps, models and plans + ‘ead and interpret ites + calelate average speed + solve problems using eprENDE = beats per minute in medicine, runs per over in cricket, kilometres per litre of petrol and amounts by a given ratio. pa exchange rates of foreign currencies, distance-time and speed Thisin an arcitectoral model ofthe Louvre Abs Dhabi Museum on Saadiya Island the man nthe photo ix time graphs thearchitect, Jean Nouvel. The model is approximately a 1:9 version of the rel building, n other word, the © understand what is meant _ real Buiing will be90 times larger than the model by direct and inverse Proportion A ratio isa comparison of amounts in a particular order. ‘The amounts are expressed in the * solve problems involving same units and are called the terms of the ratio. A ratio is usually written in the form a:b. Actual roportionate amounts ‘measurements are not given in a ratio, what is important isthe proportion of the amounts. Ratio Fuse algebra to express is used when working with scale on maps, models and plans, 2 direct and inverse 3 |) proportion A rate isa comparison of two different quantities, Speed is a rate which compares distance B etreesedceceer travelled to the time taken. Other examples of rates in daly life are cost per kilogram of foods, es ELM Unit 6: NumberPRCT can) You should already be familiar with the following concepts from work on ratio, scale, rate and proportion: Ratio (Chapter 5; Year 9 Mathematics) A ratio compares amounts in a specific order, for example 25 oF 1:2:% You can write ratios in the form of a:b or as fractions © As ratios can be expressed as fractions, you can simplify them, find equivalent ratios and calculate with ratios in the same way as you did wit fractions and 8:10= Scale and ratio (Chapter 15) Scale isa ratio. It can be expressed as: length on diagramtlength in real world. For example 1:500 means that one unit on the diagram represents 500 of the same units in the real world. Rate (Year 9 Mathematics) Arate isa comparison between two quantities measured in different units. Average speed is @ very common rate. It compares distance travelled (kin) and time (hrs) to geta rate in km/hr. Proportion (Year 9 Mathematics) ‘When exo quantities are in direct proportion, they increase or decrease at the same rate. The graph of a directly proportional relationship isa straight line that passes through the origin, Conversion graphs show directly proportional relationships. 21.1 Working with ratio A ratio isa numerical comparison of two amounts. The order in which you write the amounts when you speak outa ato, You is very important. For example, if there is one teacher for every 25 students in a school, then the tse the word 'to' so, 5:2is Sad as 7 ee ratio of teachers to students i 1:2. Ratios can also be written as fractions. A ratio of 1:25 can be written as + and a ratio of 5:3 can be written as. 3 When you write two quantities asa ratio, you must make sure they are both in the same units before you start. For example, the ratio of 20¢ to $1 is not 20:1, itis 20:100 because there are 100 cents in a dollar. Writing ratios in simplest form AQUI Betis rein sips form ven you re them singe smal whl umber (fea are forgone on possible. The ratio of 20:100 above is notin its simplest form, You can simplify ratios in the same srplyRecomslokeain at yay tt you singed factons = 2 2 yp anodes oupersa ito" 0" Ques BE Sanjita mixes eight litres of white paint with three litres of red paint to get pink paint. ato are pee aris important when considering. What is the ratio of: ener reper eaarar) food items. What proportion white paint to the total amount of paint in the mixture? iswater Salt? Suga? This all ted paint to the total amount of paint in the mixture? Re ereene imoacton the human body. aay 8 litres white out of a total of 11 litres so 8:11 is the required ratio 3 litres red out of a total of 11 litres so 3:11 is the required ratio Unit 6: Number [MogCambridge IGCSE Mathematics Ler To make concrete, you mix cement, sand and gravel in the ratio 1: ‘What is ratio of cement to gravel? ‘What is the ratio of sand to gravel? ‘What is the ratio of gravel to the total amount of concrete? ‘What fraction of the concrete is cement? 4, @ Cement to gravel is 1:4 b Sand to gravel is 2:4 = 1:2 © Concrete=142+ required ratio 7 parts :. gravelis 4 parts out of 7, so 4:7 is the d- Concrete=142+4=7 «. cement=1 7 Exercise 21.1 1 Write cach ofthe following asa ratio. a Nine men to nine women. b Onelitre to five litres € 25 minutes to 3 minutes. d_18seconds out of every minute. € 15coutofevery $1 £ two millimetres out of every centimetre 2 Appacket of sweets contains 12 red and five yellow sweets, What is the ratio of red toyellow sweets yellow to red swoets? 3. Lookat these two rectangles. Rectangle A Rectangle B em sem som Express the following relationships as ratios a length of rectangle A to length of rectangle B width of rectangle A to width of rectangle B perimeter of rectangle A to perimeter of rectangle B area of rectangle A to area of rectangle B. 4. The table gives the mean life expectancy (in years) of some African animals, Tortoise 120 Parrot 50 Elephant 35 Gorilla 30 Lion 15 Giratfe 10 Find the ratio of the life expectancies of a giraffe to tortoise lion to gorilla lion to tortoise dd clephant to gorilla € parrot tolion f parrot to tortoise. EEE Unit 6: NumberPRCT can) a ‘it may be useful to revise common factors from chapter 1 Oe You learned about the reciprocals af {rections in chapter 5. 5 What is the ratio of: 4 millimetre to a centimetre 1b acentimetre toa metre © ametretoa centimetre 4 agram toa kilogram € litre toa mililitre £ aminutetoanhour? 6 Express the following as ratios in their simplest form. a 25litres to 50 tres b 25c1082.00 © 75cm 2m d_ 600g tofive kilograms € 15mm toametre £ 25gt050g g 4emto25mm hb 400mlt03€ Equivalent ratios Equivalent ratios are basically the same as equivalent fractions. Ifyou multiply or divide the terms ofthe ratio by the same number (except 0) you get an equivalent ratio, Tene For each of the following ratios find the missing value: 20+5=4,5020=4x5 1 must be multiplied by 5 as well. b 49-24 49 =2454 24+4=6,504x6=24 9 must be multiplied by 6 as well. Method 2: cross multiplying fractions. alix ‘Write the ratios as fractions. 4” 20 1x20 Solve the equation by multiplying both sides x- 20 4 by 20. x=5 b 4.24 Write each ratio asa fact y ¥ Take the reciprocal ofthe fractions (turn them 24 upside down) to get y at the top and make the equation easier to solve. 9x24 Solve the equation by multiplying both arama sides by 24, 216 ty y=54 Equivalent ratios are useful when you need to solve problems involving a missing amount, Unit 6: Number [IEEyCambridge IGCSE Mathematics Err Exercise 21.2 1 Find the unknown values in the following equivalent ratios. Use whichever method you find easiest. 2 Use the equation (cross multiplying fractions) method to find the unknown values inthe following equivalent ratios. b ai-nld—c 25=8y f s13=2y g 45-27 3 statements are true or false. Ifa statement i false, explain why itis false a Theratio 1:6 isthe same asthe ratio 6:1 bb Theratio 1:6 is equivalent to 3:18 € Therratio 20:15 can be expressed as 3. 4. Ifthe ratio of a mothers age to her daughter’ age is 8:1, the daughter will be nine when her ‘mother is 48 yeas od Mr Smits wages ate of Mr Jones wags then the ratio of their wages is 2032, Applying your skills 4 Analloy isa mixture of metals. Most of the gold used in jewellery isan alloy of pure gold and other metals which are added to make the gold harder. Pure gold is 24 carats (ct), so 18 carat gold is an alloy of gold and other metals in the ratio 18:6. In other words, parts pure gold and other metals 4 A jeweller makes an 18.ct gold alloy using three grams of pure gold. What mass of other ‘metals docs she add? b An I8ct gold chain contains four grams of pure gold. How much other metal does it contain? € Whats the ratio of gold to other metals in 14ct gold? 4d. Whats the ratio of god to other metals in 9ct gold? 5. Analloy of 9ct gold contains gold, copper zinc and silver in the ratio 9:12.5:25. Expres thi rato in simplest form. How much silver would you need if your alloy contained six grams of pure gold? € How much copper zine would you need to makea Set alloy using three grams of pure gold? 6 Anepoxy glue comes in two tubes (red and black), which have to be mixed in the ratio 1:4 a If Petrus measures 5m from the red tube, how much does he need to measure from the black tube? b-_ How much would you need from the ted tube ifyou used 10m from the black tube? 7 Abyrand of pet food contains meat and cereal in the ratio 2:9. During one shift, the factory ‘making the pet food used 3500kg of meat, What mass of cereal did they use? Dividing a quantity in a given ratio Ratios can be used to divide or share quantities. There are two ways of solving problems like these ‘© Method 1: find the value of one part. This is the unitary method, 1 Add the valies in the ratio to find the total number of parts involved 2 Divide the quantity by the total number of parts to find the quantity per part (the value of one part. 3. Multiply the values in the ratio by the quantity per part to find the value of each part Unit 6: NumberPRCT can) Exercise 21.3 ‘The capital leters N:P on ferliser bags are the chercal symbols forthe elements. The rao of chemicals is aays given on packs of fertise. ‘@ Method 2: express the shares as fractions, This s the ratio method. 1. Add the values inthe ratio to find the total number of parts involved. 2 Express each part ofthe ratio as a fraction of the total parts. 3. Multiply the quantity by the fraction to find the value of each part. (eee Share $24 between Jess and Anne in the ratio 3:5. Method 1 345 ‘There are 8 parts in the ratio. 24+8=3 This is the value of 1 part. Jess gets $9, Anne gets S15. Jess gets 3 parts:3 x3=9 ‘Anne gets 5 parts:5 x 3= 15 Method 2 34528 There are 8 parts in the rat Jess gets 2 of $24 = 324-89 Express each part asa fraction of the total 5 parts and multiply by the quantity. Anne gets 2 of $28 = 1 Divide: 4200: the ratio et 1500 in the ratio 41 © 50in the ratio 37 4d 60iin the ratio 3:12 Nin the ratio 39 £ 38intheratio 118 8 30Din the ratio 114 Jn 2300 in the ratio 1:27. 2 Fruit concentrate is mixed with water in the ratio of 1:3 to make a fruit drink. How much concentrate would you need to make 1.2 litres of fruit drink? 3 Josh has 45 marbles. He shares them with his friend Ahmed in the ratio 3:2 How many marbles docs each boy get? 4 $200 tobe shared amongst Annie, Andrew and Amina in the ratio 34:5. How much will each child receive? 5. A line 16cm long is divided in the ratio 3:5. How long is each section? 6 Abag of N:P.K fertiliser contains nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the ratio 2: Work out the mass of each ingredient if the bags have the following total masses: a onekilogram —-b_fivekilograms € 20kilograms 25 kilograms. 7 The lengths of the sides of a triangle are in the ratio 4:5:3. Work out the length of each side ifthe triangle has a perimeter of 54 metres. 8 A rectangle has a perimeter of 120em, The ratio ofits length to its breadth is 53. ‘Sketch the rectangle and indicate what the lengths of each side would be. 9 Ina group of 3200 elderly people, the ratio of men to women is 3:5. Calculate how many men there are in the group. 10 Show that the ratio area:cieumference for any circle is 2, where ris the radius of the circle 1b Find the ratio ralume:surface area for a sphere of radius r, giving your answer as simply as, possible Unit 6: Numberee ed cleat 21.2 Ratio and scale 1). The form of 1:9 or: | does nat hays the give a ratio with whole number parts. Scale drawings (maps and plans) and models such as the one of the Louvre Museum in Abu Dhabi (on page 453), are the same shape as the real objects but they are generally smaller. Scale i a ratio, It can be expressed as ‘length on drawing:real length. The scale of a map, plan or model is usually given asa ratio in the form of lit, For example, the architects who designed the new Louvre building for Abu Dhabi made a 6m wide scale model of the domed roof using aluminium rods to test how light would enter the dome. The scale of this ‘model is 1:33, A scale of 1:33 means that a unit of measurement on the model must be multiplied by 33 to get the length (in the same units) of the real building, So, if the diameter of the dome in the model ‘was 6m, then the diameter of the real dome will be 6m x 33 = 198m. Expressing a ratio in the form of 1: n All ratio scales must be expressed inthe form of In or mL To change a ratio so that one part = 1, you need to divide both parts by the number that you want expressed as 1 Worked example 5 Express 5:1000 in the form of 1: 51000 Divide both sides by 5, ie. the number that you want 5.1000 expressed as | “55 =1:200 Crees Express 4 mm:50 em as a ratio scale, 4 mm:50 cm Express the amounts in the same units first. = 4mm:500mm =4:500 = 4,500 Divide by 4 to express in the form 1: . aa =1:125, Tens ‘Write 22 :4 in the form of a: 1 224 Divide both sides by 4, ie. the number that you want expressed as 1 2.4 aia =55:1 In this form you may get a decimal answer on one side, i Unit 6: NumberExercise 21.4 PRCT can) Solving scale problems ‘Thete are two main types of problems involving scale: ‘© calculating the real lengths of objects from a scaled diagram or model, Real length = diagram length x scale ‘© calculating how long an object on the diagram will be ifyou are given the scale, Diagram length = real length + scale (iene) The scale of a map is 1:25000. ‘2 What is real distance between two points that are Scm apart on the diagram? 1b Express the real distance in kilometres. a Distance on map = Sem Scale = 1:25000 «= Real distance = Sem x 25000 Multiply the map distance by the scale. = 125000em The units in your answer will the same ‘The real distance is 125000¢m. ‘units as the map distance units. km = 100000cm From part (a) you know the real distance 125000cm + 100000 = 120000 cm, .25km. You know that 1km = 100000 cm. So convert the real distance to km. (eee ‘A dam wall is 480m long, How many centimetres long would it be on a map with a scale of 1:120007 Real length = 480m Scale = 1:12000 ‘Map length = real length « scale 480 + 12000) =0.04m 1m= 100m (0.04 x 100 = 4em. The dam wall would be 4cm long on the map. 1. Write each of the following scales as a ratio in the form iin ii mel a lemto2m b 2cmtoSm © demtolkm d Semto 10km e 35cmtoIm £ 9mmto 150km. 2 A scaled diagram ofa shopping centre is drawn at a scale of 1:400. metres ofthe following lengths measured on the diagram. ind the real distance in a lem b 15mm © 35cm 12cm 3A map has a scale of 1:50 000. How long would each ofthese real lengths be on the map? a 60m b 1skm © 120km d755km. Unit 6: Numberee ed cleat 4 A rectangular hall is 20m long and 50m wide. Draw scaled diagrams of this hall using a scale of a 1200 b 4mmtoim. Applying your skills 5 Use this map to find the straight line distance between a NewDelhiand Bangalore bb Mumbaiand Kolkata Srinagar and Nagpur. y 1 290 aga ego apo pet | eSrinasin, a KK cana aa ~_astmipues 5 a Cee ots Tes gy A ad ale used for this floor plan of a house is 1:150. Whats eal distance in metres is represented by 1em on the ——— plan? b Calculate the eal length in metres of Remember to = i thelength ofiving room Frenoure fom inside |: a i thebreadth of theliving room —_walltonside wall ee {ii the length ofthe bath fw the breadth ofthe terace. UU © Whatis the real area of q i bedroom! ii bedroom? ithe terrace? 0 Work out the actual size af ead length before you caleulate the area a a zi _ Calculate how much floor space there isin the bathroom (in ne). (Include the toilet in the floor space.) living room EYE Unit 6: NumberPRCT can) ‘tate te in/h may sometimes be wniten igh (he stands for'per). Nurses and ather medical support taff work with ratio and rates when they calculate medicine doses, convertbetween units of measurement andsetthe patient's dripsto supply the correct amount offiuid pperhour, Rates [A rate isa comparison of two different quantities. In arate, the quantity of one thing is usually given in relation to one unit of the other thing, For example, 750 ml per bottle or 60 km/h, The ‘units of both quantities must be given in arate. Rates can be simplified just lke ratios. They can also be expressed in the form of In. You solve rate problems in the same ways that you solve ratio and proportion problems. (onc) ‘492 people live in an area of 12km?. Express this as a rate in its simplest terms. 492 people in 12km? 492 “12 = 41 people/km? Don't forget to write the units. people per km Divide by 12 to get a rate per unit. ‘Average speed Average speed (km/h) is one of the most commonly used rates. You need to be able to work with speed, distance and time quantities to solve problems. Use the DistanceTime-Speed triangle (shown here on the right) when you have to solve problems D’ related to distance, time or speed. s|T If you cover the letter of the quantity you need to find, then the remaining letters in the triangle give you the calculation you need to do (a multiplication or a division). For example: ‘Abus travels 210km in three hours, what is its average speed in km/h? speed=2 Distance = 210km, Time: 210 speed =~ =7okm/h is average speed is 7Okm/h. Unit 6: Numberee ed cleat (oeecne) ‘hen you se the phases how | walk at 4.5km/h. How far can | walk in 24 hours at the same speed? aerate eae ‘ow you ste desing wshaspeed, Distance =SxT = distance or time problem. speed = 45km/h, sh, - m distance = 45 x25 = 11.25 km ¢ team walk 11.25km, s |r (oeencke) How long would it take to cover 200km at a speed of 80km/h? 2 Time =2 3 Distance = 200km, Speed = 80km/h, time = 20-25 20 It would take 2} hours. Exercise 21.5 Applying your skills 1 Express each ofthese relationships asa rate in simplest form, a 1okg for $5, b- 120litres for 1000km. ¢ $315 for three nights. dSkmin20 min, € 135 students orfiveteachers. £_1Shours spent per 5 holes dug. 2 A quarry produces 12001 of crushed stone per hour, How much stone could it supply in: a ancight-hour shift b fiveshiis 3 Water leaks from a pipe at arate of 5¢/h, How much water will eak from the pipe i: a aday b aweek? 4 A machine fills containers at a rate of 135 containers per minute, How long would it take to fill 1000 containers at the same rate? 5. Riku walks at 4.25km/h. How far will he walk in three hours? 6 How far will a train travelling at 230 kma/h travel in: a 3¢hours b 20minutes? 7A plane flies at an average speed of 750km/fa, How far will it fly in a 25minutes b- fourhours? 8 A train left Cairo at 9pm, and travelled the 880 km to Aswan, arriving at Sam, What was its average speed? EXT Unit 6: NumberPRCT can) 9 A runner completes a 42km marathon in two hours 15 minutes. What was her average speed? 10 In August 2009, Usain Bolt of Jamaica set a world record by running 100m in 9.58 seconds. Translate this speed into km/h, 1b. How long would it take him to run 420m ihe could run it at this speed? Kinematic graphs Distance-time graphs Graphs that show the connection between the distance an object has travelled and the time taken to travel that distance are called distance-time graphs of travel graphs. On such graphs, time is normally shoven along the horizontal axis and distance on the vertial. The graphs normally start at the origin because at the beginning no time has elapsed (passed) and no distance has. been covered, Distance ‘ravolled (km) HES HSaSt és 0D “Tie (ints) Look at the graph. Can you see that it shows the following journey: ‘@- acycle for 4 minutes from home toa bus stop 1km away ‘¢ a 2minute wait for the bus ‘¢ 7km journey on the bus that takes 10 minutes. ‘The line ofthe graph remains horizontal while the person is not moving (waiting for the bus) because no distance is being travelled at this time. The steeper the lin, the faster the person is travelling, Unit 6: Numberee ed cleat Rec ee Ashraf’s school is 4km from home and it takes him 40 minutes to walk to school. One morning he leaves at 7am. After 15 minutes, he realises he has left his boots at home, so he runs back in 10 minutes. Ittakes him three minutes to find the boots. He runs at the same speed to school, The graph shows his journey. A ee j | f 3 i / Dismes Joes stat / onteee tL / dm) E | i / L [ | oe : > Joo 7.10730 "730° 740750” 800 Time How far had he walked before he remembered his boots? ‘What happens to the graph as he retums home? What does the horizontal line on the graph represent? How fast did he run in m/min to get back home? ‘a Ashraf walked 1.5km before he remembered his boots. b The graph slopes downwards (back towards 0km) as he goes home. € The horizontal part of the graph corresponds with the three minutes at home. He runs 1.5km in 10 minutes, an average speed 150m/min. Exercise 21.6 Applying your skills 1 This distance-time graph represents Monica’ journey from home to a supermarket and back again. 4 How far was Monica from home at 09:06 hours? 1200 b_ How many minutes did she spend atthe supermarket? € _Atiwhat times was Monica 800m from home? ©. Onwhich part ofthe journey did Monica travel faster going to the supermarket or returning home? 800 Distance from home EEN (wetres) 400 o > 09.00" 09:10 "0920 "09:30 Time Unit 6: NumberPRCT can) Remember speed is arate of change. Astight ne fom the ‘fg shows 2 constant ote of change and you cn se the formula SPEMEEIOY find the change in x tate of change the gradient changes along the gop, he ‘speed wil be diferent for diferent time periods, 2 Omar left school at 16.30. On his way home, he stopped ata friend’s house before going home on his bicycle. The graph shows this information. school th 3 Distance fromhome 2. xm) home 0: 1630 17.00 1730" 1800 Time a How long did he stay at his friends house? 1b Atwhat time did Omar arrive home? € Omar brother left school at 16.45 and walked home using the same route as Omar. Ihe ‘walked at km per hour, work out at what ime the brother passed Omar friends house. 3 _A swimming pool is 25m long, Jasmine swims from one end to the other in 20 seconds. She rests for 10 seconds and then swims back to the starting point. It takes her 30 seconds to swim the second length. a Drawa distance-time graph for Jasmine’ swim. 1b How far was Jasmine from her starting point after 12 seconds? ‘€ How far was Jasmine from her starting point after 54 seconds? Speed in distance-time graphs ‘The steepness gradient of a graph gives an indication of speed. ‘¢ A straight line graph indicates a constant speed. ‘©The steeper the graph, the greater the speed. ‘¢ An upward slope and a downward slope represent movement in opposite directions. “The distance-time graph shown is for 4 person who walks, cycles and then drives for three equal periods of time. For each period, speed is given by the formula: wot = stance travelled ee ime taken Different steepness for different speeds 1s: 1 200 Time (minutes) Unit 6: NumberCambridge IGCSE Mathematics > > > 2. The graph shows Andile’ daily run, ‘a For how many minutes does he run before taking a rest? if i 1b Calculate the speed in kmfh at which pjstance he runs belore taking a rest. fiom home} == # € Forhow many minutes does he rest? (kim) d_Calcufate the speed in m/s at which oa a 5 10 5 he runs back home. Time (minutes) 3. ‘This graph shows the movement of a taxi in city traffic during a 4-hour period. Movement of taxi Distance cm) 040812060 200248 ‘Time (minutes) Clearly and concisely describe the taxis journey. 'b- Forhow many minutes was the taxi waiting for passengers in this period? How can you tell this? ‘© What was the total distance travelled? d_ Calculate the taxis average speed during: the first 20 minutes ii thefirsthour iil from 160 to 210 minutes iv_for the fll period of the graph. Unit 6: Numberee ed cleat You may sometimes see m/s vwritten as m sand m/s? as m 5% ] ] ye | | ~ | | k=4andy=4x. y=) means xy=k Write the relationship as an equation k=3x 12=36 and y= Use a value of x and corresponding value of y, to solve the equation for k (ones ‘The speed of water in a river is determined by a water-pressure gauge. The speed (v m/s) is directly proportional to the square root of the height (h em) reached by the liquid in the gauge. Given that h = 36 when v = 8, calculate the value of v when h = 18. v« Jf means that v = kw/h where & is constant, When v= 8, f= 36 and so 8 = k36 = 6k. ions that = andthe oma cmecing van ise = when = 18,728 5.66 (0358)PRCT can) Exercise 21.12 Sometimes you may ee ‘varies as! witen instead of'sdrecty proportional to: Simi, fy=2, then ‘y vanes inversely a6 v. 10 u 2 For each of the following, y'is inversely proportional to x. Write an equation e ‘expressing yin terms of xi. 1y=0.225 when x=20 inversely proportional to x’ y= 80 when x= 4, find: ‘the constant of proportionality the value of y when thevalue y when x=6 ‘the value of xwhen y= 24 ‘Given that yis inversely proportional to x°, Complete the table. oo 0.25 05 1 CI Given that yis inversely proportional to vx. Complete the table. 25 100 10 26 50 cand y are known to be proportional to each other. When x= 20, y= 50. Find k, if a yex Bast > c a e y ’ « a © yax A is directly proportional to and when r=3, A= 36. Find the value of A when r= 10. Jisinversely proportional to a’. When d'=2,1= 100, Find the value of I when d= 5. Some corresponding values ofp and q are given in the table, Are p and g inversely proportional? Justify your answer. 2 5 8 2 8 30 20 15 An electric current I flows through a resistance R. Is inversely proportional to Rand ‘when R=3, 1=5. Find the value of I when R= 0.25. Corresponding values of sand fare given in the table, 2 6 0 04 108 50 Which ofthe following statements is true? a tes b tas € tes’ It takes 4 people 10 hours to plaster a section of a building. How long wil it ake 8 people todo the same job working atthe same rate? In an industrial experiment itis found thatthe force, f; needed to break a concrete ‘beam varies inversely with the length, /, ofthe beam. IFit takes 50000 newtons to break a concrete beam 2 metres long, how many newtons will it take to break a beam that is 6 metres long? Unit 6: Numberee ed cleat 15)/A fabian Gow alcove a wale teaapertare °C) wares vere wi) @ the depth to which they submerge (km). When they were at a depth of km, the rer erate eat ‘a What would the water temperature beat a depth of 12 km? b Towhat depth would they need to submerge for the water temperature to be—1 °C? 14 Variable P varies directly as variable m and inversely as variable n, If P= 24 when, m=3and n=2, find Pwhen m=5 and 21.7 Increasing and decreasing amounts by a In worked example 17 you found the cost of 11 bottles of perfume having been given the cost of five bottles. This is an example of increasing an amount in a given ratio. You could have been asked to increase $200 in the ratio 11:5. Eicrnae Increase $200 in the ratio 11:5 New value: original value = 11:5 New :200=11:5 New _11 200 ~ 5 New value = 11% 200. sao Were Decrease 45m in the ratio 2:3 New value: original value = 2:3 New :45=2:3 New _2 453 New value = 2*45 — 30, Exercise 21.13 1 Increase 40 in the ratio 7 Decrease 32 in the ratio 3:4 Increase 84 in the ratio 5:4 Decrease 57 in the ratio 2:3 wanun Nick has picture ofhis dog that is 16cm long and 10cm wide. If he enlarges the picture in the ratio 5:2, what are the new dimensions? Unit 6: Number