Hanie Joy T.

Talha BSMA-III
ACC 313 It Application Tools In Business
September 11, 2020

1.Part of the computer and its function.

5 parts of a computer.
Whether it's a gaming system or a home PC, the five main components that make up a typical,
present-day computer include:

A motherboard
A Central Processing Unit (CPU)
A Graphics Processing Unit (GPU), also known as a video card
Random Access Memory (RAM), also known as volatile memory
Storage: Solid State Drive (SSD) or Hard Disk Drive (HDD)

1. The motherboard
What it is: All components of a computer communicate through a circuit board called the
motherboard, as was mentioned above.
What it does: Think of the motherboard as the glue that holds everything else together.

2. The Central Processing Unit (CPU)

What it is: The CPU is often called the "brain" of a computer, thanks to its direct plug connection
to the motherboard, and communication with all of the computer’s other components.
What it does: Whenever you write a line of code (in Python, Java, C++, or any other programming
language), it's broken down into assembly language—which is a language that the processor
can understand. It fetches, decodes, and executes these instructions.

3. The Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)

What it is: It's not uncommon to hear gamers obsess over the next new graphics card, as these
graphic cards make it possible for computers to generate high-end visuals like those found in
the many different types of video games.
In addition to video games, though, good graphics cards also come in handy for those who rely
on images in order to execute their craft, like 3D modelers using resource-intensive software.
What it does: Graphics cards often communicate directly with the display monitor, meaning a
1,000 graphics card won't be of much use if there isn't a high-end monitor connected to it.

4. Random Access Memory (RAM)

What it is: RAM, also known as volatile memory, stores data regarding frequently accessed
programs and processes. (It's called volatile memory because it gets erased every time the
computer restarts.)
What it does: RAM helps programs and games start up and close quickly.

5. Storage
What it is: All computers need somewhere to store their data. Modern computers either use a
Hard Disk Drive (HDD) or Solid State Drive (SSD).
What it does: HDDs are made of an actual disk onto which data is stored. The disk is read by a
mechanical arm. (HDDs are cheaper than SSDs, but are slowly becoming more and more
obsolete.)
SSDs (think SIM cards) have no moving parts and are faster than a hard drive, because no time
is spent waiting for a mechanical arm to find data on a physical location on the disk.

2. The most essential component in a computer.

1. Motherboard
Think of the motherboard as the backbone of nearly any technological device. It holds all the
major components of the computer, including the hard drive, processor, memory and peripheral
ports like the USB. Most motherboards in computers, and to some extent laptops, are called
expandable. This means that you can replace components as long as they are compatible. For
example, you can take out a hard drive and replace it with another that has more storage
capacity.

If you can’t take parts out, you may see the term mainboard used. This term is usually applied to
devices like TVs, washing machines, refrigerators, and so on.

2. Networking cards
Networking cards, or network interfacing cards, may be separate cards or integrated into the
motherboard. Their purpose is to provide a way for your computer to connect to the network
and Internet.

Many new computers will have the network card integrated into the motherboard, along with
other components. If you own a laptop, you can connect to Wi-Fi networks through a Wi-Fi card
which is usually close to the outer edges of the device. Most desktops don’t have this card, but
you can purchase them if you want to be able to connect to Wi-Fi.

3. Graphics card
A graphics or video card can come in two varieties – integrated or expansion. An integrated
video card is connected directly to the motherboard and is usually found as a part of the
processor. An expansion video card is a separate card that is connected to another part of the
motherboard called an expansion port. The job of the video card is to create the graphics and
images that can be shown on a monitor. Without one of these, we would not be able to visualize
the data, and computers would be useless.

4. Processor
The processor – also known as a Central Processing Unit or CPU – is the brain of the computer.
Its job is to carry out the instructions of computer programs that are stored in the computer’s
memory.

The speed of a processor is measured in MHz or Megahertz. This measurement indicates how
fast a processor can read electrical pulses. For example, a 100MHz processor can read
100,000,000 pulses of light in one second. As a reference, most mid to high-range computers
have processors with speeds around 3.0GHz.

5. Hard drive
The hard drive is where programs and files are stored. More traditional drives are called Hard
Disk Drives (HDD) and are comprised of a series of magnetized disks which store the data.
These disks spin under a magnetic arm which can read and write data.

Newer hard drives are called Solid-state Drives (SSD) and use electrical circuits to store data.
These are much faster than traditional HDDs and are starting to be found in more and more
computers.

6. USB ports
The Universal Serial Bus, or USB, is a standard that covers a certain type of cable, connectors
and communication. It is a standard way for computer components like mice, keyboards,
phones, etc. to be connected to the computer. Nearly everything that is not a physical part of the
motherboard or internal computer is connected using a USB connection.
The cool thing about the USB is not only does it allow you to use your computer as a
communication device, but it also allows the connected device to draw electrical power from
the computer, essentially transforming your computer into an electrical outlet. That’s why you
can charge your phone, or run an external hard drive simply by plugging it into your computer’s
USB port. This standard has become so popular that many computers now come with multiple
ports – some with as many as eight!

7. Monitor ports
Computers are great, but without monitors, they would be largely useless for everyday use
. Monitors come in many sizes and varieties. Newer monitors can connect to your computer
through HDMI or VGA ports. HDMI – High-Definition Multimedia Interface – is a newer format
that can display high-definition images, while VGA – Video Graphics Array – is typically found in
older monitors.

As technology advances, you will see fewer VGA monitors and connections in use, with many
manufacturers offering monitors that only use HDMI.

3. Part of Motherboard.

1. BIOS And CMOS

BIOS or Basic Input Output System is where all the information and settings for the
motherboard are stored. It can be accessed, updated, and modified via the BIOS mode.
The CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semi-Conductor) battery is what’s responsible for
keeping all the information intact when the entire system is shut down.
The CMOS battery can be removed to reset the BIOS after a failed update or if you overclock
your RAM beyond its capabilities.

2. Input/Output Ports
Also commonly referred to as I/O ports for short. These ports are located at the back of the
computer and are often color-coded.
Below are the I/O ports along with the colors they represent.
Microphone- Pink 3.5mm jack port
Speakers and Headphones / Headsets / Earbuds- Bold green 3.5mm jack port
Monitor- Older motherboards are equipped with a solid blue VGA port at the back, but newer
motherboards use the HDMI and black or white DVI port as standard
Ethernet network cable- Colorless port
Keyboard and Mouse- PS/2 port (Keyboard- purple; Mouse- green)
USB devices- USB 2.0 colorless port; USB 3.0/3.1 solid blue port (Yes, VGA ports are a similar
color, but this only goes to show how outdated VGA is)
Some modern motherboards feature USB C type connections

3. IDE And SATA Connector (Storage Device Connectors)

The internal storage device connectors are where you will connect your storage devices, such
as mechanical hard drives and solid-state drives. These storage devices need to be connected
to the motherboard for data to be submitted and retrieved.
Don’t forget: while HDDs and SSDs do the same thing (store data), there is a big difference
between how HDDs and SSDs accomplish this.
IDE, or Integrated Drive Electronics, is used to hook up disk drives, floppy disks, and HDDs. This
is a 40-pin male connector that connects the HDD.
As technology advanced, IDE connectors became obsolete. Now the SATA connector (Serial
Advanced Technology Attachment) is the standard connector with a 7-pin interface. Despite
having 33 fewer pins, this is faster than the IDE connectors.

4. Power Connectors
The ATX (Advanced Technology eXtended) connector (found in more recent motherboards) has
20 or 24-pin female connectors. This is the largest connector on the motherboard, as this
draws out the needed power directly from the power supply.
The SMPS (switched-mode power supply) then utilizes this power to keep the motherboard
running.

5. Front I/O Connectors

This is where you connect the Power Switch, LED power indicator, Reset Switch, and the HDD
LED cables. The front audio port and front USB are also connected here. These connections are
usually located at the bottom part of the motherboard.

6. CPU Socket
The CPU socket is where your CPU (processor) is installed. This is where the processing and
transfer of data happens. Your CPU is one of the most important parts of your computer
, so you often choose your motherboard based on compatibility with the CPU you intend to use.
The CPU needs to be 100% compatible with the motherboard socket for it to work.

7. Expansion Card Slots

The expansion card slots are where you add extra components such as a video card, network
card, audio card, or PCIe SSD. The slots are located in the bottom half of the motherboard
below the CPU socket.

8. RAM (Memory) Slots

RAM, or Random Access Memory, slots are one of the most important parts on a motherboard.
The RAM slots are, unsurprisingly, where you place the RAM modules. There is the SIMM slot
(Single in-line memory module) that only supports a 32-bit bus, and there is the DIMM slot (Dual
inline memory module) that can simultaneously run with a 64-bit bus.

9. M.2 Slot
The northbridge chip is connected directly to the CPU and handles fast communication between
the CPU and performance-sensitive components such as the graphics card and system
memory.
It is also connected to the southbridge chip that acts as a communications hub too. However,
the southbridge communicates with less performance-sensitive components such as USB
ports, storage devices, onboard networks, and audio chips.