TABLE SALT ANALYSIS
CONTENT
AIM
INTRODUCTION
CHEMICALS REQURIED
APPARATUS REQURIED
EXPERIMENTS
RESULT & CONCLUSION
PRECAUTION
BIBILIOGRAPHY
AIM
Comparative Study and Qualitative Analysis of different
Table Salt
INTRODUCTION
Salt is a mineral composed primarily of Sodium Chloride
(NaCl), a chemical compound belonging to the larger class of salts;
salt in the form of a natural crystalline mineral is known as rock salt
or halite. Salt, also referred to as table salt or by its chemical formula
NaCl, all life has evolved to depend on its chemical properties to
survive. Sodium chloride is often referred to as table salt, common
salt, or just simply salt. Salt is essential for life in general, and
saltiness is one of the basic human tastes. All life has evolved to
depend on its chemical properties to survive. It has been used by
humans for thousands of years, from food preservation to seasoning.
Salt is processed from salt mines, and by the evaporation of
seawater (sea salt) and mineral-rich spring water in shallow pools.
Salt's preservative ability was a foundation of civilization. It
eliminated dependency on the seasonal availability of food, allowed
travel over long distances, and was a vital food additive. However,
because salt (NaCl) was difficult to obtain, it became a highly valued
tradeitem throughout history. Until the 1900s, salt was one of the
prime movers of national economies and wars. Salt was often taxed;
research has discovered this practice to have existed as early as the
20th century BC in China.
In the empire of Mali, merchants in 12th century Timbuktu-the
gateway to the Sahara Desert and the seat of scholars-valued salt
(NaC1) enough to buy it for its weight in gold; this trade led to the
legends of the incredibly wealthy city of Timbuktu, and fuelled
inflation in Europe, which was exporting the salt. Its major industrial
products are Caustic Soda and Chlorine; salt is used in many
industrial processes including the manufacture of polyvinylchloride
(PVC), plastics, paper pulp and many other products. Table salt is a
refined salt containing about 97 to 99 percent sodium chloride.
Usually, anticaking agents such as sodium aluminosilicate or
magnesium carbonate are added to make it free-flowing. Iodizedsalt,
containing potassium iodide, is widely available.
Iodine is an important micronutrient for humans; and a
deficiency of the element can cause lowered production of thyroxin
(hypothyroidism) and enlargement of the thyroid gland (endemic
goitre) in adults or cretinism in children. Iodized salt has been used to
correct these conditions since 1924 and consists of table salt mixed
with a minute amount of potassium iodide, sodium iodide, or sodium
iodate. A small amount of dextrose may also be added to stabilize the
iodine. In chemistry, a salt is a chemical compound consisting of an
ionic assembly of positively charged cations and negatively charged
anions, which results in a compound with no net electric charge.
A common example is table salt, with positively charged
sodium ions and negatively charged chloride ions. Salt is also useful
in inhibiting some undesirable enzymes and stabilizing some
desirable enzymes used in the food industry. Excessive sodium intake
in humans has been linked to hypertension and the related
cardiovascular problems and stroke. Hence, there are many consumer
concerns and the food industry is trying to minimize the salt content
of food products.
CHEMICALS REQUIRED
APPARATUS REQUIRED
EXPERIMENTS
1. SOLUBILITY TEST :
Add equal amount of salt sample separately in a beaker.
Add 100ml of water in each beaker and dissolve the salt with the help of
glass rod.
Note the time for salt to dissolve in water.
SI.NO SALT SAMPLES OBSERVATION
1. Tata Soluble∈1.53 sec
2. Rock Salt Soluble∈1.56 sec
3. Aashirvaad Soluble∈1.58 sec
4. Annapurna Soluble in 1.47 sec
5. Local Brand Soluble∈2.30 sec
2. pH TEST :
In a watch glass take a small amount of salt sample solution.
Dip the litmus paper in it and leave it for few minutes.
Record the observations.
SI. SALT OBSERVATION INFERENC
N SAMPLES LITMUS INDICATO PH E
O PAPER R PAPER RANG
E
1. Tata Blue Green 7 Neutral
and red colour
litmus appeared
remains
same
2. Rock Salt Blue Green 7 Neutral
and red colour
litmus appeared
remains
same
3. Aashirvaa Blue Green 7 Neutral
d and red colour
litmus appeared
remains
same
4. Annapurna Blue Green 7 Neutral
and red colour
litmus appeared
remains
same
5. Local Blue Green 7 Neutral
Brand and red colour
litmus appeared
remains
same
3. TRANSPARENCY :
Add equal amount of salt sample separately in a beaker.
Add 100ml of water in each beaker and dissolve the salt with the help of
glass rod.
Note the time for salt to dissolve in water.
SI. SALT SAMPLES OBSERVATION INFERENCE
NO
1. Tata Clear solution is Taken salt is
observed transparent
2. Rock Salt Clear solution is Taken salt is
observed transparent
3. Aashirvaad Clear solution is Taken salt is
observed transparent
4. Annapurna Clear solution is Taken salt is
observed transparent
5. Local Brand Clear solution is Taken salt is
observed transparent
4. TURBIDITY :
Take an equal amount of salt solution in each centrifuge tube.
Then centrifuge the solution in the centrifuge machine.
Record the observations.
SI. SALT SAMPLES OBSERVATION INFERENCE
NO
1. Tata Turbidity is not Undissolved
obtained particles are not
present
2. Rock Salt Turbidity is not Undissolved
obtained particles are not
present
3. Aashirvaad Turbidity is Undissolved
obtained particles are
present
4. Annapurna Turbidity is Undissolved
obtained particles are
present
5. Local Brand Turbidity is Undissolved
obtained particles are
present
5. CARBONATE TEST :
In each test tube take the samples of salt solution.
Add dil. HCl with the help of glass tube.
Record the observations.
SI. NO SALT SAMPLES OBSERVATION INFERENCE
1. Tata No Absence of
effervescences carbonate
2. Rock Salt No Absence of
effervescences carbonate
3. Aashirvaad No Absence of
effervescences carbonate
4. Annapurna No Absence of
effervescences carbonate
5. Local Brand No Absence of
effervescences carbonate
6. SULPHATE TEST :
Take an equal amount of salt solution in a test tube.
To the aqueous solution of the salt, add BaCl 2 solution and add dil. HCl
with the help of glass tube.
Record the observations.
SI. NO SALT SAMPLES OBSERVATION INFERENCE
1. Tata No white ppt Absence of
insoluble in dil. Sulphate
HCl
2. Rock Salt No white ppt Absence of
insoluble in dil. Sulphate
HCl
3. Aashirvaad A white ppt Presence of
insoluble in dil. Sulphate
HCl
4. Annapurna A white ppt Presence of
insoluble in dil. Sulphate
HCl
5. Local Brand A white ppt Presence of
insoluble in dil. Sulphate
HCl
7. MAGNESIUM TEST :
Take an equal amount of salt solution in equal test tube.
Then add Magneson Reagent in each salt solution.
Record the observations.
SI. NO SALT SAMPLES OBSERVATION INFERENCE
1. Tata Violet colour is Absence of
formed Magnesium
2. Rock Salt Violet colour is Absence of
formed Magnesium
3. Aashirvaad Blue colour is Presence of
formed Magnesium
4. Annapurna Blue colour is Presence of
formed Magnesium
5. Local Brand Blue colour is Presence of
formed Magnesium
8. CALCIUM TEST :
Take the salt sample separately in watch glass and add dil. HCl.
Make a touch in glass rod and show the glass rod into the burner.
Note the observation in fire.
SI. NO SALT SAMPLES OBSERVATION INFERENCE
1. Tata Brick red flame Presence of
was observed Calcium
2. Rock Salt Brick red flame Presence of
was observed Calcium
3. Aashirvaad Brick red flame Presence of
was observed Calcium
4. Annapurna Brick red flame Presence of
was observed Calcium
5. Local Brand Brick red flame Presence of
was observed Calcium
9. LEAD TEST :
Take an equal amount of salt solution in each test tube.
To the salt solution add Potassium Chromate in each test tube with the
help of glass rod.
Record the observations.
SI. NO SALT SAMPLES OBSERVATION INFERENCE
1. Tata No Yellow ppt is Absence of Lead
obtained
2. Rock Salt No Yellow ppt is Absence of Lead
obtained
3. Aashirvaad No Yellow ppt is Absence of Lead
obtained
4. Annapurna No Yellow ppt is Absence of Lead
obtained
5. Local Brand No Yellow ppt is Absence of Lead
obtained
RESULT AND CONCLUSION
SOLUBILITY TEST :
Annapurna salt was more soluble than other within 1.47 seconds.
pH TEST :
All the salts are neutral in nature.
pH VALUE
8
5
pHVALUE
4
0
TATA ROCK SALT AASHIRVAAD ANNAPURNA LOCAL BRAND
TRANSPARENCY :
All the salts are obtained clear and transparent solution.
TURBITIDY:
Except Tata and Rock Salt in other salts turbidity is obtained. It may shows that
in other brand some impurities or other particles are present.
CARBONATE TEST :
Carbonate are absent in all taken salts. It is not needed to add in edible salt.
SULPHATE TEST :
Salts like Annapurna, Aashirvaad are local brand and they contain sulphate.
Using of this salt may cause any health problem in human body. Absent of
sulphate is in Tata and rock salt.
MAGNESIUM TEST :
Except Tata and Rock Salt contain Magnesium contains in it. Magnesium
doesn’t need to add in salt continue using this salt may cause any health
problems in human body.
CALCIUM TEST :
All the salt contains Calcium in it, which is very essential to add in salt and
had many health benefits.
PRECAUTIONS:
In smelting chemicals or vapours, be careful. Always gently fan the
vapours to your nose.
Glass ware must be clean prior to use.
Be careful as the test tube is heated. Whenever heating or adding
reagent the test should never point to yourself or your neighbours.
Be careful with explosive compounds, inflammable substance, toxic
gases, electrical appliances, glass products and hot substance.
Always wash your hands after the laboratory work completed.
BIBLIOGRAPHY:
Nerin. C., Azhar M., Carrizo P., 2010.Food contamination during food
process. Trends in food science and technology. 48,63-68
Kumar. S., Maiti. B., Mathur. P., 2001 Determination of iodate and sulphate
in induced common salt. Talanta, 53(4), 701-705.
Lee Y., Nam S-H., Ham K-S., Gonzlaz. Oropeza. D., QuarlesD., Yoo J., Russo.
R. E., 2016.Multivariety classification of edible salt
spectrochemicaActapart B . Atomic spectoscopy 118,102-111.
https:// byjus. Come/ chemistry/ salt- analysis/
https://ncert.ni.in/pdf/publication/sciencelaboratory manuals/ class xii/
chemistry/ lem107.
