HYDRAULICS AND GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

SITUATION 1: A reservoir connects a new 300 mm diameter pipe 3600 m long is connected in series with a 450-mm new
cast iron pipe, 5500 mm long. Use f = 0.02 for all pipes. The 450 mm diameter pipe discharges into the air at a point 45.7
m lower than the water level in the reservoir.
1. Determine the velocity of the bigger pipeline in m/s.
A. 0.784 C. 0.890
B. 0.614 D. 0.567

2. Determine the velocity of the smaller pipeline in m/s.

A. 1.38 C. 1.22
B. 1.76 D. 1.01

3. Calculate the rate of flow in m3/s.

A. 0.125 C. 0.089
B. 0.098 D. 0.133

4. Determine the discharge (m3/s) flowing in a pipe having a diameter of 150 mm and a headloss of 3 m/km.
Friction factor = 0.025.
A. 0.0212 C. 0.0105
B. 0.1389 D. 0.0112

5. A rectangular canal has a depth of 1.2 m and a width of 4 m. It has a slope of 0.001 and n = 0.012. Compute the
discharge flowing in the canal in m3/s.
A. 8.67 C. 11.25
B. 6.67 D. 10.44

6. What should be the discharge velocity (m/s) of a rectangular canal having a depth of 1.2 m and a width of 5.4 m
if it has a slope of 0.001 and n = 0.013.
A. 2.15 C. 3.45
B. 1.56 D. 3.18

7. A rectangular channel 6 m wide by 1 m deep is laid on a slope of 0.001 has a roughness coefficient of 0.013. If
the most efficient triangular section is used, determine the design depth in m.
A. 2.85 C. 1.75
B. 1.67 D. 2.36

8. A rectangular channel 12 m wide carries 27.44 m3/s. The slope of the channel bed is 0.00283. Upstream, the
depth is 1.37 m while 90 m downstream, the depth is 1.52 m. Determine the head loss from upstream to
downstream.
A. 0.53 C. 0.13
B. 0.81 D. 0.39

9. A liquid flowing from a reservoir thru a non-rigid 600 mm diameter pipe with a velocity of 2.5 m/s is completely
stopped by a closure of a valve situated 400 m from the reservoir. Assume that the pressure increases at a uniform
rate and there is no damping of the pressure wave. The pipe has a thickness of 20 mm and its modulus of elasticity
is 1.4 x 1011 Pa. The liquid is pre-tested to determine its bulk modulus of elasticity. The liquid is compressed in a
cylinder at a volume of 1000 cubic meters at 230 MPa and a volume of 990 cubic meters at 250 MPa. Assuming
liquid density is 950 kg/m3, compute the water hammer pressure (kPa) if the valve was closed in 0.9 seconds.
A. 2111 C. 2883
B. 3471 D. 3556
 10. A cubic meter water is subjected to a pressure increase of 20 MPA. If the bulk modulus of elasticity of the water
is 2200 MPa, evaluate the change in volume in m^3.
A. 0.0136 C. 0.0146
B. 0.0178 D. 0.00909

SITUATION 2: A mercury barometer reads 600 mm at a certain elevation (above sea level).
11. If the mercury is replaced by water, determine the new barometer reading?
A. 8049 mm C. 8160 mm
B. 8094 mm D. 8610 mm

12. Determine the atmospheric pressure at that level.

A. 90 kPa C. 70 kPa
B. 80 kPa D. 100 kPa

13. Determine the elevation at that level assuming normal atmospheric conditions. (Air weighs 12 N/m^3)
A. 1777 m C. 2610 mm
B. 944 m D. 110 mm

14. An open tank contains 5m deep of liquid having a unit weight of 7kN/m 3. Water is poured over the liquid until the
total depth of two liquids is 8m. Evaluate the gage pressure at the interface in kPa.
A. 35 C. 78.5
B. 48 D. 64.4

15. A manometer is attached to a conduit as shown. Calculate the pressure at A in kPa given the following: Specific
gravity of Liquid B = 13.6 h = 125 mm d = 375 mm

A. 38.5 C. 18.6
B. 45.1 D. 29.5

16. The velocity head of the flow at one section of a pipeline is 5 m. Evaluate the velocity head, in meter (s), at the
next section if the velocity of flow increases by one-half that of the previous section.
A. 20 C. 11.3
B. 15 D. 7.5

17. A right cylindrical container of diameter D (meter) and H (meter) high is filled with water z (meter) deep. A piece
of timber, having a cross -sectional dimension b x t (mm) and L (meter) long is freely allowed to submerge and
float in a vertical position inside the container. The portion of the wood above the water surface is observed to
 be 2/3 the length of the timber. Given the following information, evaluate the specific weight of the timber, in
kN/m^3.
D = 1.00 m b = 250 mm H = 5.00 m t = 250 mm z = 3.00 m L = 3.00 m
A. 3.35 C. 3.27
B. 3.72 D. 3.44

18. A 600mm diameter pipe, 720m long carries water at the rate of 2.5m/s. What is the water hammer pressure if the
valve is closed in 1.2 seconds? Use Ewater = 2.2x109 Pa and pw = 1000kg/m^3.
A. 2800 C. 3200
B. 3400 D. 3000

SITUATION 3: Water flows through an almost level rectangular channel 3 m wide at 12 m^3/sec. The depth of the channel
gradually increases from 1.0 to 1.1 m for length of 5 m.
19. What is the head loss in meters?
A. 0.03 C. 0.04
B. 0.02 D. 0.01

20. What is the slope of the energy gradient?

A. 0.004 C. 0.008
B. 0.006 D. 0.002

21. Obtain the value of the roughness coefficient.

A. 0.016 C. 0.014
B. 0.015 D. 0.012

SITUATION 4: In order to determine the volume and the specific gravity of a stone that weighs 45 kg in air, the engineer
observed that when submerged in fresh water the stone weighs 30 kg.
22. Evaluate the buoyant force acting on the stone, in N.
A. 147.15 C. 294.3
B. 441.45 D. 588.4

23. Obtain the volume of the stone, in m^3.

A. 0.018 C. 0.014
B. 0.016 D. 0.015

24. Evaluate the specific gravity of the stone.

A. 2.50 C. 3.00
B. 2.75 D. 3.25

SITUATION 5: An open cylindrical vessel 1.3 m in diameter and 2.1 m high is 2/3 full of water. If rotated about the vertical
axis at a constant angular speed of 100 rpm.
25. What is the amount of water that will be spilled out in liters?
A. 368 C. 400
B. 341 D. 619

26. What should be the height of the tank so that no water will be spilled out?
A. 2.0 C. 1.90
B. 2.87 D. 3.54
 27. A closed cylindrical tank with 0.30 m radius and 1.0 m height is fully filled with water. The tank is rotated at 200
rpm and assume that it is subjected to an initial pressure of 15 kPa, determine the pressure at the circumference
at the bottom base of the tank.
A. 22.33 C. 44.55
B. 33.44 D. 55.66

28. Determine the difference of energy grade line and hydraulic grade line of an open channel with steady and uniform
flow if the given flow rate is 20 m^3/s and the cross section is 4 m wide and 1 m depth of water.
A. 5.00 C. 4.00
B. 1.27 D. 0.82

SITUATION 6: A closed cylindrical vessel 1 m in diameter and 1.8 m high is filled water to a height of 1.37 m. The rest is
filled with air, the pressure of which is 106.87 kPa. If the vessel is rotated at 191 rpm about its axis,
29. What is the height (m) of the paraboloid formed?
A. 5.1 C. 6.2
B. 3.5 D. 4.5

30. Determine the maximum pressure at the base (kPa).

A. 166.78 C. 145.23
B. 153.78 D. 132.76

31. Determine the minimum pressure at the base (kPa).

A. 121.45 C. 109.23
B. 106.87 D. 111.65

32. A woman with a glass of water having a height of 300 mm is inside the elevator with an upward acceleration of 3
m/s2. Determine the pressure at the bottom of the glass.
A. 3.84 kPa C. 4.45 kPa
B. 2.22 kPa D. 4.69 kPa

33. A triangular gate of height 1.2 m and base 0.9 m is installed in a position that its plane is inclined 60 degrees with
the horizontal with its vertex at the top and base parallel to the water surface. The vertex is at depth of 2 m
vertically below the water surface. Fresh water is on one side of the gate. If the gate is hinged at the bottom,
evaluate the force normal to the gate at its vertex that will be required to open it in kN.
A. 3.33 kN C. 4.45 kN
B. 1.25 kN D. 5.61 kN

34. The crest gate shown consists of a cylindrical surface of which AB is the base, supported by a structural frame
hinged at C. The length of the gate perpendicular to the paper is 10 m. Compute the horizontal force components
of the total pressure AB.
A. 1324.35 kN C. 444.70 kN
B. 655.12 kN D. 281.34 kN
SITUATION 7: A water tank has a sloping inclined at 45° with the horizontal. The total depth of water in the tank is 8 m. A
water jet issues from an orifice located on the inclined side of the tank under hydrostatic head of 5 m or that orifice is
located 3 m vertically above bottom of the tank. Coefficient of velocity is 1.0. Neglect air resistance.
35. Determine the maximum height of the issuing jet arises above the level of the center of orifice in meters.
A. 3 m C. 2.75 m
B. 2.5 m D. 3.5 m

36. Determine the time it takes for this particle of the jet to sit the ground that is 1.20 m below the bottom of the
tank in seconds.
A. 1.65 C. 1.88
B. 1.22 D. 2.02

37. Determine the horizontal distance on the ground traveled by the jet from the center of the orifice in meters.
A. 13.16 C. 8.89
B. 10.9 D. 15.63

SITUATION 8: A triangular plate of height h = 0.90 m and base b = 2 m is submerged vertically in water with its top edge
(base) at the liquid surface and parallel to it.
38. Evaluate the total force acting on one side of the plate, in N.
A. 2648.7 C. 2887.9
B. 3345.2 D. 1229.7

39. Obtain the location of the force from the center of gravity of the plate, in mm.
A. 200 C. 175
B. 150 d. 180

40. Obtain the location of the force from the liquid surface, in mm.
A. 450 C. 400
B. 300 D. 415

SITUATION 9: A trapezoidal canal has a bottom width of 6 m and a side slope 2 horizontal to 1 vertical. When the depth of
the flow is 1.2 m and the rate of flow is 20.4 m 3/s,
41. Compute the specific energy in meters.
A. 1.66 C. 1.21
B. 1.33 D. 1.41

42. If the roughness coefficient is 0.015, calculate the slope of the canal using Manning’s formula.
A. 0.0011 C. 0.0015
B. 0.0009 D. 0.0012

43. Compute the average shearing stress at the boundary over the surface of the channel in Pa.
A. 6.9 C. 8.2
B. 10.7 D. 6.2

SITUATION 10: The field unit weight of soil is 16 kN/m 3. If the water content is 13% and specific gravity is 2.5, determine
the following:
44. Dry unit weight in kN/m3.
A. 15.66 C. 14.16
B. 13.21 D. 12.25
 45. Void ratio.
A. 0.73 C. 0.69
B. 0.88 D. 0.77

46. Degree of saturation.

A. 41.24% C. 49.24%
B. 33.45% D. 44.52%
SITUATION 11: In accordance with Boussinesq theory, the vertical stress at a point below the center of flexible circular
area in semi-infinite homogeneous, isotropic soil mass due to a uniform load is given by the expression:
1
𝑃 = 𝑞 [1 − ]
𝑁
𝑟 2 1.5
𝑁 = [1 + ( ) ]
𝑍
q = uniform load per unit area at the base of footing
r = radius of circular area
Z = depth of point below the center of the circular loaded area
47. Evaluate the bearing pressure, in kPa, exerted by the footing onto the supporting soil by 4 m diameter circular
footing that is transmitting a concentrated load of 1500 kN.
A. 125.67 C. 142.56
B. 131.24 D. 119.37

48. Evaluate the vertical stress, in kPa, below the center of the footing at a depth of 6 m.
A. 17.43 C. 18.91
B. 16.65 D. 21.23

49. How deep, in meters, below the footing would the pressure be reduced by 1/10 of the pressure at the base of the
footing?
A. 8.4 C. 8.9
B. 7.4 D. 8.1

50. An unconfined compression test was conducted to a soil sample having a diameter of 50 mm. The failure load was
66 N. What is the value of the cohesion strength of the clay in kPa.
A. 16.8 C. 20.2
B. 17.6 D. 21.3

SITUATION 12: The results of consolidated drained triaxial shear test conducted on a consolidated clay are as follows:
Chamber confining pressure = 240 kPa
Deviator stress at failure = 450 kPa
51. Evaluate the angle of friction in degrees.
A. 28.9 C. 25.6
B. 31.2 D. 22.3

52. Evaluate the shear stress on failure plane in kPa.

A. 201.23 C. 196.98
B. 167.58 D. 200.62

53. Evaluate the normal stress on plane of maximum shear, in kPa

A. 465 C. 480
B. 300 D. 420
SITUATION 13: A 1.5 m diameter pipe discharging water is connected by two branches of pipes at junction A. First pipe
has diameter of 0.6 m with a length of 2520 m. Second pipe has a diameter of 1.2 m with length of 1550 m. The two pipes
join into a junction B, then it is connected to the 1.5 m diameter pipe right after. The pressure heads at junction A and B
are 76 m and 24 m respectively. Coefficients of friction at 1.5-m, 1.2-m, and 0.6-m diameter pipe are 0.02, 0.021, and
0.022 respectively.
54. Find the discharge velocity of the 0.6 m pipe in m/s.
A. 3.45 C. 3.57
B. 3.22 D. 3.89

55. Find the discharge velocity of the 1.2 m pipe in m/s.

A. 5.46 C. 6.13
B. 6.89 D. 4.56

56. Find the total discharge of the pipeline in m3/s.

A. 7.88 C. 6.78
B. 8.81 D. 6.92

SITUATION 14: A 400 mm pipeline discharges water and branches into 3 pipes at junction A. The first pipe has diameter
300 mm and length of 3000 m. The second pipe has diameter 200 mm and length of 1300 m. The third pipe has diameter
250 mm and length of 2600 m. These 3 pipes then merge together at junction B to form a single pipeline having a diameter
of 400 mm. Headloss between junction A and B = 24 m. Assume C = 120.
57. Determine the rate of flow at first pipe in m3/s.
A. 0.103 C. 0.332
B. 0.222 D. 0.093

58. Determine the rate of flow at 2nd pipe in m3/s.

A. 0.022 C. 0.056
B. 0.027 D. 0.065

59. Determine the rate of flow at 3rd pipe in m3/s.

A. 0.024 C. 0.069
B. 0.056 D. 0.059

SITUATION 15: A rectangular footing 3 m x 2 m has a thickness of 0.4 m.

60. If P= 700 kN is acting at d1=1.50m and d2=1m, find the maximum soil pressure (kPa), neglecting the weight of the
footing.
A. 117 C. 343
B. 57 D. 150
61. If P=800kN is acting at d1=1.5m and d2=0.5m, Yconcrete =24 kN/m3, find the maximum soil pressure.
A. 357 C. 343
B. 57 D. 150

62. If P=800kN is acting at d1=1m and d2=1m, Yconcrete =24 kN/m3, find the maximum soil pressure.
A. 10 C. 224
B. 276 D. 142