11'" English Tips Synonyms: 1. Absurd - illogical, hobbled - walked unsteadily, monotonous - boring, seclusion — isolation, dilapidated - damaged, pallor ~ appearance, puckered — wrinkled, shroud - wrap 2. princely - very large, appetite - hunger, lauded - appreciated, conviction ~ belief, felicitation - congratulatory, adulation - appreciation, etched - imprinted. 3. Antipathy — strong dislike, reluctant — unwilling, delinquent — wrong doing, abstracted — lacking, prosaic ~ dull, audacious — bold, indignant - very angry, quivering - trembling, vexation - annoyance. 4. Bloatocrat — aristocrat, electrified — shocked, congealed — frozen, smothered — suppressed, glibly — sincerely, rectitude ~ honesty, guile - cunning, baize - woollen material, farthings — paisa, indelibly — lasting permanently. 5. Conferred — granted, reiterate - do again, enunciated — spoke clearly, ruggedness — toughness, eschewed — discard, venerable — valued, feudal — middle age, confronting — resisting, inherent — inborn, cloistered — restricted, inheritors ~ successors, replenish — refill, endowed ~ gifted, crusade ~ campaign. 6. Alley —narrow, yanked — pulled, consternation — worry, extravagantly — excessively, cascade — waterfall, concourse ~ public building, gashed ~ cut deeply, exasperation — irritation, suave ~ sophisticated, catastrophes ~ a terrible disaster. Antonyms: 1. Frivolous x serious, omitted x included, protest x accept, serenity x anxiety, scattered x gathered, monotonous x interesting. 2. Compulsory x unnecessary, traditional x modern, expensive x cheap, hopeful x desperate, accepted x refused, vanished x appeared, doubtful x certain, shrouded x exposed. 3. Vintage x modernistic, antipathy x amity, reluctant x inclined, prosaic x exceptional, shrouded x uncovered, mediocre x unacceptable, eccentric x conformist, indignant x pleased, vexations x delight, quivering x settled, suspicious x certain, sullen x cheerful, trusted x believed, liberal x conservative 4, Valiant x coward, full x empty, congealed x thinned, indelible x forgettable, guile x honesty, rectitude x immortality, electrified x discouraged, grave x excited. 5. Conscious x indifferent, reiterate x take back, persuaded x dissuade, unexpected x expected, regrets x happiness, prominent x ordinary, eminent x inferior, faithful x disloyal, inherent x external, enunciate x whisper, rugged x smooth, traitor x patriots. 6. yanked x pushed, panic x peace, disgorging x restrain, extravagantly x temperately, lavish x frugal, gashed x healed, irritated x delighted, suave x unrefined, venerable x wicked. 7. compound words: N +N - moonlight, N+V- sunrise, V+ N - suitcase, N + Adj - sky blue, ‘Adj + N- blackboard, Adj + V— whitewash, hard work, N 4G - story telling, G+ N ~ dining table, prep +N-upstream, outpatient, Adv + V-overthrow, upset Toll plaza, spotless, waterproof, party full, homecoming, overstraining, courtyard, door knobs, ‘overcoat, singsong, beehive, 8. Prefix: post, dis, un, ir,im,non, pre Suffix: ly, able, tion, ful, ment, ate, ism, al, ship 9. Abbreviation: IELTS, GST, TNPSE, STD, ISD, MBA, MHRD, GPS, NSS, PTA, NGO, ICU, IIM, MRI, ECG, NCC, LED, CPU, CBSE, GDP, LCD, NRI, IIT, ITI, USB, NEET, CCTV, RAM, VAT, CAD, ATM, LAN, NASA, UGC ( PAGE. 28) 10. Clipping words: chimpanzee, photograph, cafeteria, gasoline, helicopter, memorandum, influenza, bridegroom, perambulator - pram, refrigerator - fridge, Laboratory, Gymnasium, advertisement, discotheque, handkerchief, telephone, microphone, kilogram, mathematics - maths, demonstration, demarcate - mark, adversity - varsity 111. definition of words: Bibliomania - desire to read books, pyromania ~ desire to set fire, Kleptomania — desire for stealing, Phobia- fear of sth: Bibliophobia - books, Anglophobia ~ English, ‘Acrophobia — height, Hydrophobia — water, Theophobia - God, Xenophobia — strangers, gist: study ‘of sth. Pathologist - diseases, ornithologist — birds, entomologist insects, archaeologist — art facts, sociologist - human society, geologist ~ earth, Linguist ~ languagues, seismologist - earthquake, herpetologist - reptiles, amphibian, meteorologist — atmosphere, polyglot — many Languages, patriotism — love of country 12. foreign words: liaison ~ communication, ex gratia — out of good will, ad hoc ~ not a planned happening, bonafide ~ genuine, en masse ~ as a whole group, sine die ~ without a date, erratum ~ error, bon voyage — say good bye, prima facie — at first sight, in toto — totally, rapport — close relationship, viva voce — spoken exam, en route ~ on the way, Faux pas — mistake, not polite, magnum opus — master piece. 13. idioms: tight corners —a difficult situation, shot his belt — to exhaust his efforts, in a nice pickle = difficult situation, have cold feet ~ nervous and anxiety, alarm bells ringing ~ sign of something going wrong, back to the wall — in serious difficulty, saved by the bell — help at the last moment, hang out to dry ~ abandoning one who is in difficulty, hit the road - set out on a journey, take fora ide - to be deceived, in panic mode ~ strong anxiety or fear. 14. question Tags: is, are, was, were, shall, should, can, could, will, would, have, has, had. He sings well - doesn’t he?, He sang well - didn’t he? They play well ~ don’t they? 15. Plural: Datum - data, alumnus - alumni, index - indices, analysis - analyses, formula - formulae, tooth - teeth, child — children, mouse - mice 16. Syllabication : Mono - 1, Di - 2, Tri-3, Tetra -4, Penta- 5, Poly~6. 17. Relative pronoun: Noun __ Verb (Who), Noun things (which), Noun ___ things (whose), Noun Pronoun (whom) , Place - where 18. Sentence Pattern: SVO, SVOA, SVC, SVCA, SVOC, SVOCA, SVIODO, SVIODOA C—Complement, A- adjunct (time, phrase, adverb) 10- him, her, them, us 19. Link words: As, if, unless (____in front) / but, and, or, till (___ in middle ) 20. Euphemism : lavatory - rest room, housewife - home maker, undertaker — mortician, accidental death — collateral damage, beating children — corporal punishment, die — breath one’s lost, pregnancy — in the family way, vomited ~ blow chunks, jail ~ correctional facility, slow learners late bloomers, fat full figured, blind — visually challenged , unemployed ~ between jobs, late ~ chronologically challenged. 2 marks: 21 - 26 Poem 1: Once upon a Time ~ Gabriel Okara 1. Explain ‘to laugh with their hearts’? people smile with genuine emotions. 2. Explain ‘ice block cold eyes’? Eyes refer to eyes without warms, 3. Explain cocktail face? Cocktail face refers to a face capable of showing mixed emotions. 4, What is ‘good riddance’? Good riddance means the relief in getting rid of an unwanted visitor. 5. What is the meaning of fangs? Fangs are the teeth of a venomous snake used to inject poison. Poem 2: Confessions of a Born Spectator - Ogden Nash 1. Whom does the poet admire? The poet admires the athletes. 2. for what reasons do the athletes sweat? The athlete plays for fun and for benefits. 3. Why are athletes often rough during play? The athletes are rough because everyone wants to win. 4. Why are doctors called? Doctors are called when players get injured. 5. What is gaudy pomp? Gaudy pomp means showy dress. Poem 3: Lines written in early spring — William Wordsworth 1, What is the poet's faith? The poet's faith is that the flower is happy with the air it breaths. 22. What trait of Nature do we see here? We see the love of nature in all its creations. 3. What does ‘heaven’ refer to? Heaven refers to God. 4. Why does the poet call it ‘holy’? Nature is God’s work from heaven. So the poet calls it holy. 5. What does ‘blended notes’ refer to? Blended notes refer to the heavenly music. 6. What are the fair works of nature? The human soul is the fair work of nature. 7. What is a primrose? It is a wild plant with yellow flowers. Poem 4: Macavity ~ The Mystery Cat -T. S. Eliot 1. Why is he called the hidden paw? Macavity leaves no footprints at the crime site. 2. What is ‘Scotland Yard’? It is the head quarters of London Metropolitan Police Service. 3. Explain ‘monster of depravity’? Macavity is an evil monster of all devilish qualities. 4, Who is a fakir? A fakir is a holy person who has the power to float in air. Poem 5: Everest is not the only peak ~ kulothungan 1. How should we carry out our duties? We should carry out our duties with sincerity and honesty. 2. Which is our stronghold? Courage is our stronghold. 3. What is the speaker proud of? The speaker is proud of his position in life. 4. Who is considered rich? People who live with dignity are considered rich. 5. What is their asset? Honour is their asset. 6. What is our strength? and pride are our strength. Poem 6: The Hollow Crown — William Shakespeare. 1. What is the meaning of bequeath? It means passing on legal rights to the rightful heir. 2. What does the ‘small model’ refer to? Small model refers to human body. 3. What does the antic mean? Antic means a court jester. 4, Who is the antic? Death is the antic. 5. Who comes at last? Death comes at last. 6. What do the ‘graves, worms and epitaphs refer to? They refer to the human mortality. 7. What does ‘castle wall’ refer to? Castle wall refers to the human body. 8. Who is Bolingbroke? Is he friend or foe? He is king Richard's cousin. He is a foe to the king. Figure of speech: as, like ~ simile, if not - metaphor, personification, anaphora, oxymoron Alliteration: first letter. 27. Report the Dialogue: 1. asked /wh/ho &if 2. replied/that 3. ordered / to |, You he, she ; We - they; 28. If clause: 1. If you run fast, you will win the match. 2. If you played well, you would win the match. 3. If you had studied well, you would have scored high marks. in with shoul f ing inversion: If were a bird, | would fly. Ans. Were | a bird, | would fly. 30. Simple, Compound, Complex : No. _| simple Compound Complex 1.__| inspite of + V+ ing but /yet Though, Although 2.__| Incase of + V+ ing and if 3. Incase of + Not + V+ ing or / otherwise unless 4. | Too... to very.... and so..cannot_ | So....that.... cannot 5. | V+ing and so As / Since / Because 30. Active and passive voice: 1. open the door ~ Let the door be opened 2. Don’t open the door - Let the door not be opened. 3. Who gave you a pen? — By whom was a pen given to you? 3S marks questions: 44. Summary writing: Rough-dratt, Fair draft, No. Of words in the text : No. of words in the Fair draft: 45. Respondit he A ment: From To Sub: Application for the post of Dear Sir, 1am XXX. | have completed B. A. degree. | saw your add. | apply for the postof__. | have good communication skill. | have computer knowledge. If you give me the job, | will do well. | added my Bio data. Thank You. Yours truly, Bio Data: Name: / Father's Name: / Address: / Date of Birth: / Sex: / Status: / Nationality: / Qualification: / Addl. Qualification: / Experience: / Languages Known: / Salary Expected: / Declaration: The above details are true. | will do my job well. Thank you. 46. Fill in the Blanks: 1, Homophones: peace, piece/ dessert, desert/ adopted, adapted/ stationary, stationery/ principal, principle/ personnel, personal, / steel, steal / sell, cell 2. Modal ~ should (order), can (ability), would (respect or permission) 3. Semi modal: How dare, used to (when, since, during) , need not, ought to ( order) 4. Link words: As, if, unless (___infront) / but, and, or, till (___in middle) 46. SPOT THE ERRORS: 1. Prefer, senior, junior, inferior and superior - than not ‘to’. 2. One of the noun- plural (students, players)/ verb ~singular.( is, was ) one of the students is 3. Use“a’~a one, a university, a universal, a useful, a European, a union 4, Use ‘an’ - an M.Sc. an honest, an Hmt, an MLA 5. Though but, As and, As~ so, unless~or, If - and. 6. Neither... nor, either... of, verb ‘is’ 7. Advices ~ advice, furnitures — furniture, meals ~ meal (not s) 8. 9. The English ~ English, Veena ~ the vena, the violin, the sun, the moon, the Bible, the Quran, If clause: work will pass, worked ~ would pass, had worked ~ would have passed. 10. Prepositions: confident on-af, hope throught, met in with, by orfoot, congratulated of on, discuss about , entecin to, cowsia brother 47. Identity the field words: Agriculture: hybrid, Yield, crop, paddy, harvest, seeds, fertilizers Space: Comet, satellite, rocket, missile Education: Student, skill, drop outs, exam, slow learners, result, Sports: Referee, player, game, result, defeat, victory, champion, winner, world cup, captain computer: e mail, monitor, data, internet, hardware, password, menu, laptop, software commerce: asset, market, price, profit, share, turnover, expenditure, property, Weather: fog, rain, monsoon, humid, foggy, cloudy, windy, drizzle, showers, ‘Nutrition: food, cholesterol, junk food, rice, diet. Politics: election, party, cabinet, leader, minister.