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Jet Grouting Specifications - Dar AL Handassah

The document provides a sample specification for jet grouting works. It outlines the general requirements, standards, submittals, quality assurance, and scope of work for a jet grouting project. Jet grouting involves injecting grout at high pressure to mix with soil and form cementitious columns for ground stabilization purposes.

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taha abu el hana
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
335 views10 pages

Jet Grouting Specifications - Dar AL Handassah

The document provides a sample specification for jet grouting works. It outlines the general requirements, standards, submittals, quality assurance, and scope of work for a jet grouting project. Jet grouting involves injecting grout at high pressure to mix with soil and form cementitious columns for ground stabilization purposes.

Uploaded by

taha abu el hana
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Appendix 2

Preliminary Specifications
for Jet Grouting
Sample Specification for Jet Grouting Works

JET GROUTING FOR GROUND STABILIZATION

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.1 RELATED DOCUMENTS

A. Drawings and general provisions of the Contract, including Conditions of Contract and Division 01 Specification
Sections, apply to this Section.

1.2 RELATED SECTIONS

A. Related sections:
1. Section 312000: "Earth Moving" for backfilling, excavating and drainage.

1.3 ABBREVIATIONS AND DEFINITIONS

A. API: American Petroleum Institute.

B. ASTM: American Society for Testing and Materials.

C. Jet Grouting:

The process of creating soilcrete in situ with stabilizing fluids or grout mix delivered at high velocity through
nozzle(s) at the end of a monitor inserted into a borehole. A jet grout column consisting of soilcrete is formed by
injecting the fluids at high pressure, rotating, and lifting the monitor at the required rates. The soil is eroded and
mixed with the fluids or grout and forms a cementitious jet grout column.

D. Soilcrete:

The mixture resulting from binding of the in-situ soils with a cementing agent or grout to form a blend of soils
and grout to meet a specific strength and core recovery.

E. Monitor:

A fluid drill pipe designed to deliver one to three elements of the Jet Grouting process: air, water and grout. The
monitor has one or more injection points. The nozzle(s) injects the fluid at high velocity into the soil to mix it
with the slurry or grout.

F. Jet Grout Column:

A cylindrical mass of soilcrete formed from the Jet grout Process.

1.4 GENERAL

A. Jet grout columns of nominal diameter and spacing as specified in the drawings to the requirements of the Contract
shall be constructed by the Jet Grout Specialist Contractor.

B. If obtained, the Employer shall have made available to the Contractor, such data on hydrological and sub-surface
conditions as may have been obtained by or on behalf of the Employer from investigations undertaken relevant to
the Works, but the Employer takes no responsibility as to the correctness, accuracy or validity of any such data.
The Contractor shall be responsible for his own assessment and interpretation thereof and shall in any event be
deemed to have carried out his own investigation, inspection and examination of the Site and its surroundings and
to have satisfied himself before submitting his Tender, as to:

The form and nature thereof, including the sub-surface and hydrological conditions,

1
Sample Specification for Jet Grouting Works

Ensure that the soil information is adequate to characterize the ground to be treated, including all physical and
geotechnical properties required for jet grouting works; i.e particle size distribution (gradation), plasticity, pH,
density, organic content, strength characteristics, ground water level, permeability and chemical tests.

Means of access, the extent and nature of work and the material and conditions likely to be encountered, including
the occurrence of rock or unstable ground,

In general, to have obtained all necessary information in connection therewith and made due allowance in his
Tender as to risks, contingencies and all other circumstances which may influence or affect the undertaking of
excavation and earthwork.

1.5 SCOPE OF WORK

A. The work consists of installing, monitoring and testing jet grouting to meet the acceptance criteria stated in this
specification.

B. Provide / furnish all plant, labor, material, and equipment for performing all operations as required to construct
Jet Grout columns for soil improvement and stabilization.

1.6 STANDARDS AND REFERENCES

A. All materials and workmanship shall be in accordance with the current American Society for Testing and Materials
(ASTM) standards except where the requirements of ASTM standards are in conflict with this specification, the
latter shall take precedence.

B. The publications listed below, form a part of this specification to the extent referenced. The publications are
referred to in the text by the basic designations only.

API Spec 13A API Specification for Oil-Well Drilling-Fluid Materials

API Recommended Practice Standard Procedure for Field Testing


API RP 13B-1
Water-Based Drilling Fluids

Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete


ASTM C 39/C39M
Specimens

ASTM C 150/C150M Portland Cement

Chemical Admixtures for Concrete


ASTM C 494/C494M

Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use as a
ASTM C 618
Mineral Admixture in Portland Cement Concrete

ASTM C 1017/C
Chemical Admixtures for Use in Producing Flowing Concrete
1017M

ASTM D 1633 Unconfined Compressive Strength of Molded Soil-Cement Cylinders

1.7 SUBMITTALS

Submit the following information at least 4 weeks prior to the commencement of works.

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Sample Specification for Jet Grouting Works

A. Method Statement

A Method Statement including grouting parameters, materials, method of construction, equipment, sequence of
execution and quality control procedures.

B. Quality Control Plan

A quality control plan with details of personnel, responsibilities, inspections, and organization for ensuring the
quality of construction required by this specification. The plan shall provide a table listing testing methods,
frequencies, and minimum acceptable values. The plan shall explain the methods and locations for obtaining
samples for testing and reporting schedules. Copies of quality control forms shall be submitted for review and
approval.

C. Jet Grouting Work Plan

A Jet Grouting Work Plan prior to mobilization of jet grouting equipment to the site. The plan shall describe the
proposed plant and equipment including capability of jet grouting rig and specification of grout mixing equipment,
location of boreholes including spacing and depth, the proposed jet grouting system to be adopted/used, methods
of drilling and supporting boreholes, construction sequence and schedule, quantity of grout to achieve the specified
criteria of this specification, the layout and procedures of the test program to establish jet grouting parameters,
control of drainage, clean-up/spoils disposal, and a ground movement monitoring plan to measure vertical
movement or heave/settlement of ground utilities, structure and roadways in the vicinity of the jet grouting
operations.

D. Bar Chart Schedule and Sequence of Operations

A detailed schedule and sequence of operations in a bar chart format. The submittal shall include a description of
the schedule including typical working hours and days, sequence of operations, and maintenance schedule.

E. Water

Water quality tests results for potable water proposed for the grout.

F. Mix Design of Soil and Grout

A mix design report for the soil and grout mix as proposed with representative soil (at the natural moisture content)
from the site and the water to be used during construction. The report shall include the source of mix materials,
mix proportions, density of mix, and unconfined compressive strength at 3 and 28 days.

G. Cementitious Materials

Certificates of compliance attesting that the cementitious materials meet the requirements of the specification.
Cementitious materials will be accepted on the basis of a manufacturer’s certificate of compliance, accompanied
by mill test reports that the material(s) meet the requirements specified herein.

H. Jet Grouting Performance Records

Daily records of the production and testing of jet grouting, including jet grout locations, depths of treatment, start
and stop times, all jetting parameters, and grout injected for each location.

1.8 QUALITY ASSURANCE

A. Qualification of Specialist Contractor

Designate a specialty subcontractor (Jet Grout Specialist Contractor), approved by the Engineer, for the jet
grouting works. Submit evidence that it is experienced and competent to construct in-situ soilcrete via Jet
Grouting, and that it has at least three years of prior experience in successful completion of Jet grouting
projects. Ensure sufficient competent experienced personnel to carry out the operations specified.

3
Sample Specification for Jet Grouting Works

B. In particular, a Jet Grout Specialist Engineer or Technician shall be appointed by the Specialist Contractor to
continuously supervise the construction, grout preparation, and quality control. The Jet Grout specialist shall have
at least five years of experience and shall have completed five or more projects in successful construction of Jet
Grouting. The Jet grouting Specialist shall have proven and successful experience in jet grout construction and
shall be knowledgeable of: (1) the proper methods employed (2) the use, testing and control of the specified grout,
(3) the construction equipment, (5) the quality control testing grout mixing.

PART 2 – PRODUCTS

2.1 EQUIPMENT

A. Drilling Equipment shall be of the type and capacity suitable for drilling the required hole diameters/sizes and
depths, and for lowering, raising, and rotating jet grout monitors to the depths and at the rates required to perform
the jet grout columns as specified herein and as shown on the Contract drawings.

1. The jet grouting equipment shall be able to provide at least 400 bars at nozzle for water jetting. The
equipment shall provide for continuous positive return flow during jet grouting operation.

2. The jet grouting system shall be able to operate at different rotation and withdrawal rates within the
required range in order to complete work and produce the required jet grouting columns.

3. Real time measuring and recording devices shall be provided throughout the drilling and jet grouting
operation.

B. Jet Grouting Monitors shall consist of a single, double or triple phase fluid drill pipe, designed to form the jet
grouted columns in the subsurface conditions and of the size and depth specified herein and as shown on the
Contract drawings.

C. Grout Mixing and Injection Equipment shall consist of grout mixers, holding tanks, water tanks, air compressors,
and pumps of sufficient capacity to ensure adequate supply of jet grout column materials at the required pressure
for a full work shift to produce grout columns of the size and depth specified herein and shown on the Contract
drawings.

1. The cement grout mixer shall be a high speed colloidal type and capable to operate up to 1500 rpm.

2. High pressure pumps shall be able to produce high pressurized jet at variable pressures to cut and mix
the in-situ soil.

D. Spare parts and equipment shall be available on site to maintain jet grouting equipment in satisfactory operation
condition at all times during execution of the Jet Grouting work.

E. Batching Plant: The grout/slurry batching plant shall include the necessary equipment including a high shear mixer
capable of producing homogeneous mixtures of cement/bentonite in water, pumps, valves, hoes, supply lines, and
all other equipment as required to adequately supply slurry to the jet grout rig. All grout/slurry for use shall be
prepared using a suitable mixer. Mixing of water and cement/bentonite shall continue until the resulting
grout/slurry is homogeneous.

2.2 MATERIALS

A. Jet Grout Slurry: The Grout Slurry shall consist of a stable homogeneous mixture of cement/bentonite in water
and shall be controlled in accordance with the most current API Recommended Practice 13B-1, and the following
requirements:

1. If bentonite slurry is used, the slurry shall be a mixture of not less than 2% bentonite in water. Additional
bentonite or admixtures may be required depending on the hardness and temperature of the water and the
quality of the bentonite.

4
Sample Specification for Jet Grouting Works

2. For cement grout, properties shall include a calculated design density and a planned viscosity.

B. Bentonite: Bentonite used in preparing slurry shall be pulverized (powder or granular) premium grade sodium-
cation montmorillonite and shall meet the most current API Standard 13A, Section 4.

C. Cement: Portland used in preparing grout shall conform to ASTM C150/ C150M, Portland Type I or II or ASTM
C989/C989M, Ground Granular Blast Furnace Slag or a mixture of both.

D. Mineral Fillers used as a replacement for a portion of the cement shall be fly ash, composed of finely divided
siliceous residue in accordance with ASTM C 618, Class F. The maximum amount of fly ash shall not exceed 30
percent of the cement by weight.

E. Fresh water, free of excessive amounts of deleterious substances that adversely affect the properties of the grout
shall be used to manufacture grout/ slurry. Water shall be fresh, clean and potable. The water shall meet the
following standards/requirements:

1 A pH of 7.0 (+/- 1.0)


2 Total dissolved solids not greater than 500 parts per million.

Oil, organics, acids, alkali, sewage, phosphates, or other deleterious substances not greater
3
than 50 parts per million each.

4 Hardness less than or equal to 50 parts per million.

Furnish water quality tests results for water proposed for mixing the slurry to assure
5
conformance with the above limits.

F. Admixtures: Admixtures are materials other than water, cement, sand, or mineral fillers added to the mixture
immediately before or during mixing to alter its chemical or physical properties to a desired characteristic during
its fluid or plastic state. Admixtures shall conform to ASTM C 494/C494M and ASTM 1017/C1017M, Type I.
The use of admixtures shall be approved by the Engineer.

G. The proportion and injection of the jet grout mix shall create jet grouted columns with a minimum 3-day and 28-
day unconfined compressive strengths as specified in PART 3 - EXECUTION, Clause 3.2 “Acceptance Criteria”
when tested in accordance with ASTM C 39/ C39M.

PART 3 – EXECUTION

3.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

A. Jet Grouting may consist of a single jet (grout injection only), double jet (grout and air injection) or triple jet
(water, air and grout injection) systems. Any of these systems will be acceptable, provided the performance
requirements are met.

B. The jet grouting operations for installation of trial columns and production columns shall conform to the approved
Jet Grouting Plan.

C. Furnish sufficient equipment, material and labor necessary to carry out the jet grouting in accordance to the
construction program.

D. Identify the location of the underground (buried) utilities and above ground utilities (e.g., overhead telephone and
power lines) that affect the operations. Protect or relocate utilities according to requirements of Authorities having
jurisdiction.

5
Sample Specification for Jet Grouting Works

E. At all times during and at completion of jet grouting operations, clean the site of all debris, water, return flow and
spilled material. Dispose of all such waste materials in a manner acceptable to all Agencies having jurisdiction.

F. Prevent any and all material from entering storm drains or other drainage courses, or leaving the site via runoff.

G. Comply with applicable requirements of all regulatory Authorities having jurisdiction.

H. Comply with the traffic maintenance requirements.

3.2 ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA

Jet grouting shall be performed in accordance with the minimum strength required in the approved design and
approved grout mix, and in any case should not be less than the following minimum acceptance criteria:

A. Minimum 3-day unconfined compressive strength by core sampling: 1 MPa

B. Minimum 28-day unconfined compressive strength by core sampling: 2 MPa

C. Minimum 3-day unconfined compressive strength by wet sampling/cast mold: 1 MPa

D. Minimum 28-day unconfined compressive strength by wet sampling/cast mold: 2 MPa

E. Core recovery 28-day after installation of the grout column: 90 percent

F. Minimum Depth: the jet grout columns shall reach a minimum depth as specified in the approved design.

G. Minimum Diameter and Spacing: The minimum diameter and maximum edge to edge spacing for jet grout
columns shall be defined based on the approved design.

3.3 TEST PROGRAM (TRIAL COLUMNS)

A. Prior to commencement of jet grouting production work, a test program consisting of a single module comprised
of at least three grout columns shall be conducted to evaluate the Contractor’s proposed construction methods
and their ability to produce grout columns meeting the depth, diameter, column spacing and material property
requirements shown on the Contract drawings.

B. The test program shall be located in a zone representative of the proposed jet grouting area and shall be approved
by the Engineer. The test grout columns shall be installed to the same depth and diameter of the jet columns
required for the project. The center of the column and the edge shall be cored no earlier than 36 hours after
installation as selected by the Engineer. The cores shall be tested 3 days after installation of the grout column in
accordance with ASTM C 39/C39M. Core recovery shall be a minimum of 85 percent and unconfined compressive
strength test shall be as specified in PART 3 - EXECUTION, Clause 3.2. Where excavation is possible, assessment
of the geometric and mechanical characteristics of the jet grout column shall be made by visual inspection. A
trench through the top 3 m of each test column shall be excavated to determine the typical column diameter using
the proposed construction procedures. Laboratory tests can be carried out on samples recovered by coring or
excavation.

C. If the results of the test program (trial columns) indicate that the design requirements (acceptance criteria) have
not been achieved, revise the jet grouting procedures and re-test.

3.4 JET GROUT COLUMN CONSTRUCTION

A. Site Preparation: Working platform shall be designed, prepared and maintained in a manner suitable for the safe
movement and working of the grouting equipment. Material used to provide working platform shall be suitable
for the ground conditions on which it is placed and shall facilitate drilling operations. The working platform shall
be maintained throughout the duration of the grouting works.

6
Sample Specification for Jet Grouting Works

B. Use the same equipment, materials and procedures as those determined in the test program to give satisfactory
results. Install jet grout columns at locations shown on the Contract drawings.

C. Jet Grout injection and jetting tool rotation and extraction rates shall be sufficient to produce the grout columns
meeting the diameter, depth, and spacing specified herein and shown on the Contract drawings.
D. Grouting Sequence: Carry out the bore-hole drilling and jet grouting sequence such that freshly grouted columns
are not damaged by drilling and grouting an adjacent column.

E. Unless otherwise specified, carry out drilling of holes to the required depth. Once the designated depth is reached,
the in-situ soil shall be eroded by highly pressurized water or cement grout jet, and cement grout will be injected
and mixed with the in-situ soil through grout nozzle(s) at the monitor. The monitor is rotated and lifted at the
appropriate speed to achieve a continuous jet grout column.

F. In the event of obstructions preventing the drilling, inform the Engineer and propose appropriate solutions and
measures for approval.

G. Adjust the mix design and working parameters, if necessary, throughout the course of the work in order to achieve
the requirement of the jet grouting columns.

H. Any jet grout hole lost or damaged as a result of mechanical failure of equipment, inadequacy of grout or water
supplies, or improper drilling or injection procedures shall be backfilled with cement grout and replaced by another
hole, drilled and injected by the Contractor at no additional cost to the Project.

I. During jet grouting operations, monitor nearby structures and utilities. In the event damage occurs, stop the jet
grouting work, immediately inform the Engineer, and propose remedial measures.

J. Place equipment for mixing, holding and pumping grout in a secure location. Minimize spillage of material. No
material shall be allowed to enter underground / buried utilities (manholes, drainage culverts, etc.) or other
drainage courses.

3.5 FIELD QUALITY CONTROL

A. Appoint a Testing Agency, approved by the Engineer, to attend, supervise, inspect and report on all Jet Grouting
operations.

B. Proportion and inject Jet Grout Mix so that the produced grout column attains an unconfined compressive strength
as specified in PART 3 - EXECUTION, Clause 3.2.

C. Materials: All permanent materials shall be certified by the manufacturer to comply with the specified standard.
Certificates of Compliance with the specification shall accompany each truckload of materials received on site.

D. Grout Column Coring

1. The grout columns shall be cored through the entire depth of the column in at least five locations selected by
the Engineer. Coring shall be conducted no earlier than 36 hours after completion of the grout columns to
ensure that the jet grout is hardened / set. Core recovery shall be a minimum of 85 percent.

2. The samples shall be wrapped in plastic film to prevent moisture loss.

3. Make the samples accessible to the Engineer for verification.

E. Unconfined Compressive Strength Test

Unconfined compressive strength tests shall be conducted in accordance with ASTM C 39/ C39M on two samples
selected by the Engineer from each core hole. One sample(s) shall be tested at 3 days and one sample(s) at 28
days. Unconfined compressive strength test shall be as specified in PART 3 – EXECUTION, Clause 3.2.

7
Sample Specification for Jet Grouting Works

F. Spoil Return

During jet grouting, a visual observation of the flow and features of the spoil shall be maintained. An unexpected
reduction in spoil return shall be investigated and dealt with immediately. If there is negligible spoil return, ensure
that there is no clogging of the borehole annulus, and revise the jetting parameters if deemed necessary. Three
cylinder samples shall be collected from spoil return (wet sampling) during jetting at different levels of each
column for laboratory testing. Cylinder samples for unconfined compressive strength test shall be prepared and
tested in accordance with ASTM D1633.

Proportion and insert grout mix so that the soilcrete column produced meets the following requirements:

1. Cement Factor of soilcrete shall be defined based on the minimum strength required in the approved design
but in any case shall not be less than 50 kg/m3.

G. Documentation / Daily Record

1. Record results of all tests performed on forms acceptable to the Engineer and signed by the Jet Grout
Specialist. These forms shall be made available to the Engineer at all times for his inspection. Copies of all
quality control documents shall be submitted to the Engineer for his verification.

2. Submit daily records during the execution of the test program and jet grouting program. The record shall include
the following information:

1 Description of the work completed with a sketch identifying which columns are completed.

2 Grout column geometry (column size, depth, and location).

3 Time of beginning and completion of each column.

4 Grout mix data, including mix proportions.

5 Pressure, flow rate, and density of materials used to construct each grout column.

6 Total air/water/ and grout used to construct each grout column.

7 Calculated total water/soil/grout volumes forming each column.

8 Grout rates and takes for each grout column.

9 Rate of rotation and vertical movement of jet grout equipment for each grout column.
10 Core sample locations and percent recovery.

11 Results of unconfined compressive strength test.

12 Features of spoil return, i.e. color, quantity , density and unconfined compressive strength

13 Other pertinent observation, such as: grout escapes, ground heave, or other unusual behavior.

3.6 TOLERANCE

A. Setting out

Setting out shall be carried out from reference lines and points shown in the Contract drawings. Immediately
before commencement of jet grouting works, the jet grout column positions shall be marked with suitable
identifiable pins or markers.

B. Position

8
Sample Specification for Jet Grouting Works

The maximum allowable deviation of the center of each grouting point from the design center point as shown in
the setting out drawing shall be 75 mm .

C. Verticality

Jet grouting for vertical bore hole shall be carried out as near vertical as possible. The drilling rod shall not deviate
more than 1 in 100 during drilling.

END OF SECTION 313265

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