A PEDESTRIAN MARKET BRIDGE
B.Arch. 4th Year
PRE-THESIS
1902295039
2022-2023
Submitted By
Md Saad Shafi
Guided By
Ar. Chitrasen Parida
Ar. Debashreeta Debabarni
PILOO MODY COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE
AJAY BINAY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
CUTTACK-753014
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DECLARATION BY STUDENT
I hereby declare that:
The work contained in this report has been done by me under the guidance of my
Guide. The work has not been submitted to any other Institute for any degree.
I have confirmed to the norms and guidelines given in the Ethical Code of Conduct of
the Institute. Whenever I have used materials (data, theoretical analysis, figures, and
text) from other sources, I have given due credit to them by citing them in the text of
the thesis and giving their details in the references.
Further, I have taken permission from the copyright owners of the sources, whenever
necessary.
Date: 17th. June, 2023 Signature of the Student
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PILOO MODY COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE
ABIT GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS, CUTTACK
CUTTACK - 753014
ESTD. 1993
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project report titled “A Pedestrian Market Bridge”
submitted by Md Saad Shafi to the Piloo Mody College of Architecture, ABIT Group
of Institutions, Cuttack; is a record of Bonafede pre-thesis project work carried out by
her/him under my guidance.
GUIDED BY: - Ar. Dharitri Das
Ar. Chitrasen Parida PRINCIPAL
Dr. Deepashree Choudhary
Ar. Debashreeta Debabarn
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This work would not have been possible without the constant support, guidance, and
assistance of my major advisor Ar. Chitrasen Parida, Dr. Deepashree Choudhary,
and Ar. Debashreeta Debabarni. Their levels of patience, knowledge, and ingenuity
are something I will always keep aspiring to. I would also like to thank Ar. Chitrasen
Parida for encouraging me to follow the path of research. I would be amiss if I did not
mention my classmates and my friends, who were always ready to help me with any
questions that I had.
Date: 17th. June, 2023 Signature of the Student
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ABSTRACT
This architectural thesis explores the design of a pedestrian market bridge at
Janpath, Delhi, with the aim of improving urban connectivity, enhancing local
commerce, and fostering community engagement. Janpath, a bustling and vibrant
commercial hub, faces significant challenges related to pedestrian congestion,
inadequate infrastructure, and a lack of cohesive community spaces. This research
proposes an innovative architectural solution that combines functional design
principles with an understanding of the cultural and historical context of the area.
The study begins by conducting an in-depth analysis of the existing urban fabric,
focusing on the traffic patterns, pedestrian movement, and the economic dynamics
of the market. By synthesizing this research with architectural theory and principles
of urban design, the design framework is developed to optimize pedestrian flow,
integrate market activities, and create a welcoming environment for community
interaction. The architectural intervention centres around the concept of a bridge,
serving both as a physical connection and a symbolic gateway to the market. The
bridge design prioritizes pedestrian safety, incorporating wide walkways, comfortable
seating areas, and adequate lighting. It also accommodates small-scale retail
spaces, fostering entrepreneurship and local economic growth.
The integration of green spaces and landscaping along the bridge enhances the
aesthetics of the area while providing opportunities for relaxation and recreation.
Furthermore, the design strategically incorporates cultural elements and public art
installations, celebrating the rich heritage of Delhi and fostering a sense of pride and
identity among the local community.
Sustainability is a key consideration in the proposed design. The bridge incorporates
environmentally friendly features such as rainwater harvesting systems, energy-
efficient lighting, and the use of locally sourced materials. Additionally, provisions for
waste management and recycling facilities contribute to the overall sustainability of
the project.
Through its transformative design, the pedestrian market bridge at Janpath aims to
revitalize the urban fabric, creating a dynamic and inclusive space that benefits both
residents and visitors. The project encourages pedestrian-oriented development,
reducing traffic congestion and pollution, while promoting local commerce and
entrepreneurship. By providing a platform for community engagement and cultural
expression, the bridge becomes a catalyst for social cohesion and collective identity.
Overall, this architectural thesis contributes to the discourse on urban design and
community development by presenting a holistic approach to revitalizing urban
spaces. The proposed pedestrian market bridge at Janpath, Delhi serves as a model
for other similar contexts, inspiring architects, urban planners, and policymakers to
prioritize pedestrian-centric design solutions that enhance connectivity, commerce,
and community engagement.
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CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1
1.1 Introduction…………………………………………………………………………….7
1.2 Aim………………………………………………………………………………………7
1.3 Objective.………………………………………………………………………………7
1.4 Scope…………………...………………………………………………………………8
1.5 Limitation……………….………………………………………………………………8
1.6 Research Methodology.………………………………………………………………9
1.7 Background Study and Analysis………………….………………………………….10
1.8 Discussion and Recommendation…………………………………………………...17
1.9 Conclusion…………….……………………………………………………………….19
Bibliography.
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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 INTRODUCTION
Janpath, located in the heart of Delhi, is a bustling marketplace with a rich history
and cultural significance. However, the rapid urbanization and population growth in
the city have resulted in challenges such as pedestrian congestion, traffic chaos, and
fragmented public spaces. In response to these issues, this architectural thesis
proposes the design of a pedestrian market bridge at Janpath. The bridge aims to
enhance urban connectivity, promote local commerce, and foster community
engagement, revitalizing the market and creating a vibrant and inclusive environment
for residents and visitors.
The existing infrastructure at Janpath struggles to accommodate the increasing
number of pedestrians, leading to congestion and safety hazards. The proposed
pedestrian market bridge addresses this challenge by providing a dedicated pathway
for pedestrians, connecting different sections of the market and improving
accessibility. By integrating the fragmented urban fabric, the bridge creates a
cohesive space that enhances the overall experience for traders and customers
alike.
1.2 AIM
The aim is to revive the essence of the area by addressing the problem of traffic
congestion, while also providing a vibrant and functional space for commercial
activities.
1.3 OBJECTIVES
1.3.1 Study Objectives
• To analyse the existing traffic congestion issues in Janpath and its impact on
pedestrian safety and economic activities.
• To investigate the architectural and structural considerations for designing a
bridge that integrates seamlessly with the urban fabric and the surrounding
historical context.
1.3.2 Design Objectives
• To propose sustainable design strategies for the bridge, including the
incorporation of green spaces, renewable energy sources, and rainwater
harvesting systems.
• To propose a pedestrian market bridge, keeping the essence, tradition and
culture of Janpath.
1.3.3 Research Objectives
• To explore the potential benefits of introducing a pedestrian bridge with a retail
market, including improved accessibility, enhanced commercial opportunities,
and increased footfall.
• To examine the social and economic impact of incorporating a retail market
within the bridge structure on the local community and economy.
• To evaluate the feasibility of the project from a financial and construction
standpoint, considering the budgetary constraints and technical challenges.
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1.4 SCOPE
• Conducting a comprehensive background study of the historical and cultural
significance of Janpath, Delhi, and its current urban context. - Soundproof
therapy rooms, practice and performance spaces, and meditation areas to
facilitate the growth of music therapy in the centre.
• Analysing the existing traffic flow patterns, pedestrian movement, and market
activities in the area.
• Exploring case studies of successful pedestrian bridge projects worldwide and
studying their impact on urban revitalization.
• Engaging in community consultations and interviews with stakeholders to
understand their needs and expectations.
• Collaborating with urban planners, transportation engineers, and market
experts to gather relevant data and incorporate their insights into the design
process.
1.5 LIMITATION
• Limited financial resources may affect the scope of the proposed project,
necessitating a phased implementation approach.
• Constraints imposed by the existing urban infrastructure and heritage
buildings may require careful consideration during the design phase.
• The partial allocation of the retail market within the bridge structure may
require detailed planning and operational considerations to ensure smooth
functioning and long-term sustainability.
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1.6 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
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1.7 BACKGROUND STUDY AND ANALYSIS
Janpath, located in Delhi, is one of the oldest and most vibrant marketplaces in the
city. It holds historical and cultural significance and is known for its diverse range of
retail activities. To develop a comprehensive understanding of the market and its
current state, the following background study and analysis will be conducted:
1.7.1 Historical Significance:
• Explore the historical evolution of Janpath and its role in the economic growth
of Delhi.
• Investigate the architectural heritage and cultural aspects associated with the
market.
• Analyze any previous attempts to address traffic congestion and pedestrian
safety in the area.
1.7.2 Market Activities:
• Identify the types of retail businesses present in Janpath, including traditional
shops, street vendors, and specialized stores.
• Assess the economic significance of the market in terms of employment
generation, revenue generation, and its contribution to the local economy.
• Analyze the existing market dynamics, including competition, consumer
behavior, and trends.
1.7.3 Traffic Congestion:
• Study the traffic patterns and congestion issues in and around Janpath.
• Evaluate the impact of traffic congestion on pedestrian safety, commercial
activities, and overall urban environment.
• Identify peak hours, bottlenecks, and areas with the highest traffic density
1.7.4 Pedestrian Movement:
• Observe and document the pedestrian flow within the market area, including
entry and exit points, major routes, and key destinations.
• Evaluate the existing infrastructure for pedestrian movement, such as
sidewalks, crosswalks, and pedestrian amenities.
• Assess the challenges faced by pedestrians, including overcrowding, lack of
proper walkways, and conflicts with vehicular traffic.
1.7.5 Market Infrastructure:
• Assess the condition and suitability of existing market infrastructure, such as
buildings, stalls, and temporary structures.
• Identify opportunities for improvement, expansion, or reorganization of the
market layout to optimize space and enhance the shopping experience.
• Evaluate the existing facilities, such as sanitation, waste management, and
parking, and their impact on the market's overall functionality.
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1.7.6 Socio-economic Factors:
• Analyze the socio-economic profile of the local community and its relationship
with the market.
• Investigate the potential impact of any proposed changes to the market on the
livelihoods of the vendors and the community as a whole.
• Assess the perception of the market among residents, visitors, and other
stakeholders.
1.7.7 Site Description
1.7.7.1 Janpath, New Delhi
The Janpath market is located centrally in New Delhi, in the vicinity of Connaught
Place, a commercial hub, always hustling and bustling with visitors. Connaught place
(popularly known as CP) is in close proximity to foreign embassies, political houses
and offices of multinational corporations. Due to its central location, Janpath is well
frequented by tourists, domestic as well as international. The vendors in Janpath
mostly engage in selling handicrafts and clothes. The market comprises permanent
shop owners, hawkers and street vendors.
1.7.7.1.2 Introduction to the Market
CP has a rich history and is symbolically significant. When the capital of India under
British rule was moved from Kolkata to Delhi, a plan was laid down for the
construction of New Delhi (located south of the old city) to symbolise the grandeur of
the British Empire. CP was named after the Duke of Connaught and was created by
Edwin Lutyens as a demarcation of the divide between North and South Delhi. It was
created as a geological buffer zone between the Indians and British, the “coloniser”
and “colonised”. The construction was started in 1929 and wrapped up in 1933. CP
was in a way a continuation of the division already created in the old city by the
secured walls of Shahjahanabad, a walled city built by the then Mughal Emperor
Shahjahan. The Britishers maintained it to keep the local population away from the
areas of colonial establishments prior to the construction of South Delhi. Janpath
was formerly called the Queen’s Way and it was only during the 1990s that the
market got its name as Janpath (meaning people’s path).
The market is currently divided into 4 distinct sections, each with its own
characteristics. Please refer to the satellite image attached below that has all the four
sections distinctly marked in yellow.
The first two - the Tibetan Market and the Gujarati Lane - both have vendors that
predominantly sell handicrafts. On the main front-facing lane, the sidewalk is
primarily populated by established permanent stores that sell both handicrafts and
clothes.
Perpendicular to the main road, the final section of the market comprises two rows of
stalls facing each other, selling clothes and accessories such as belts, bags, etc.
One of the rows contains stalls under the Mini Market and the other stalls under the
Janpath Lane Tehbazari Association.
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Span – 450 m
Road width – 40m
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1.7.7. Sellers Profile Data
Generation and Gender wise average level of education
Hometown of the Sellers
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Average total Operating Cost
Average expenses and number of shops that reported it
Number of Hired workers by the type of Shop
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Number of Stores in Exports by type of shop
Number of Stores in Wholesale by type of shop
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Union Wise Labour Breakdown
1.7.7.2 CHANDNI CHOWK, NEW DELHI
Chandni Chowk, one of the beautiful streets of the city, was so named as the or the
cross-road used to look mesmerizing square when moonlit on a full moon night. The
street was designed by Shah Jahan's eldest and most influential daughter, Princess
Jahanara. This beautiful street lined with around fifteen hundred shops is about a
mile long and connects the Fatehpuri Mosque with the Red Fort and its main
entrance, the Lahori Gate. The city center and the street were fashioned as a square
with a central pool. Since, the pool reflected moonlight, and glistened at night, the
place was named Chandni Chowk. One can only visualize the aesthetic beauty of
this public space, where the royals and courtesans of that period would flock to make
the purchases.
1.7.7.2.1 History of Chandni Chowk
The place witnessed a sharp decline in its glory and the absence of royal patronage
with the almost end of the Mughal Empire after the revolt of 1857. In 1870, the death
knell was sounded, when the central pool, the elementary identity of being Chandni
Chowk was filled up and replaced by a clock tower or the Ghantaghar. The last nail
in its coffin was placed with the shifting of the capital of British India and the
establishment of the Lutyen's Delhi in 1912. Nevertheless, the mystique charm of
Chandni Chowk survived through ages to date, with its unique maze of streets, each
specializing in a particular type of product. Though now turned into an urban chaos,
the place still attracts tourists from different parts of India and the world, to taste the
mouth-watering delicacies and to get that medieval era feel. The place has a huge
potential of becoming an important international tourist destination and a world
heritage site.
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Span – 600 m
Road width – 40 m
1.8 DISCUSSION AND RECOMMENDATION
• Comprehensive Site Analysis:
Conduct a thorough analysis of the site, including the existing road conditions,
traffic patterns, pedestrian movement, and surrounding built environment. This
analysis will provide a solid foundation for understanding the specific
challenges and opportunities of the project site.
• Stakeholder Engagement:
Engage with local residents, shop owners, vendors, and community
organizations to understand their needs, aspirations, and concerns.
Collaborate with them throughout the design process to ensure their voices
are heard and that the proposed market bridge aligns with the desires of the
local community.
• Traffic Flow and Pedestrian Safety:
Place a strong emphasis on designing a bridge that improves traffic flow and
ensures pedestrian safety. Consider factors such as dedicated pedestrian
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walkways, traffic calming measures, and efficient integration with existing
transportation infrastructure to minimize disruptions and create a seamless
pedestrian experience.
• Market Integration and Functionality:
Pay careful attention to the integration of the retail market within the bridge
structure. Design flexible and adaptable market spaces that accommodate a
variety of vendors and businesses, while also considering factors such as
circulation, wayfinding, and accessibility. Create an inviting atmosphere that
encourages social interaction, economic activity, and a sense of community.
• Sustainable Design Solutions:
Incorporate sustainable design principles throughout the project. Explore
opportunities for incorporating green spaces, renewable energy systems,
rainwater harvesting, and materials with low environmental impact. Aim to
achieve a balance between functionality, aesthetics, and ecological
responsibility.
• Cultural Preservation:
Respect and preserve the cultural heritage and architectural character of
Janpath. Design the market bridge in a way that harmonizes with the
surrounding built environment and complements the historical context of the
area. Consider incorporating elements that celebrate the local culture, crafts,
and traditions.
• Collaborative Approach:
Collaborate with professionals from various disciplines, including urban
planners, transportation engineers, landscape architects, and retail
specialists. This interdisciplinary approach will enrich the design process and
help create a holistic and well-rounded solution.
• User-Centric Design:
Keep the needs and experiences of the users at the forefront of the design
process. Create spaces that are comfortable, accessible, and enjoyable for
pedestrians and market-goers. Incorporate elements that enhance the user
experience, such as seating areas, public art installations, and interactive
features.
• Phased Implementation:
Consider a phased implementation approach to ensure the project's feasibility
and manage potential disruptions to the existing urban fabric. Break down the
project into manageable stages that can be implemented over time, allowing
for adjustments and adaptations based on feedback and evolving needs.
• Post-Occupancy Evaluation:
Conduct a post-occupancy evaluation of the market bridge after its completion
to assess its impact on traffic congestion, pedestrian safety, economic activity,
and community engagement. This evaluation will provide valuable insights for
future improvements and help measure the success of the design
intervention.
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1.9 CONCLUSION
In conclusion, the thesis has presented a comprehensive design proposal for a
market bridge at Central Ave, Janpath Delhi, with the potential to transform the urban
landscape and address the challenges of traffic congestion. The integration of a retail
market within the bridge offers an innovative approach to reviving the area's
essence, fostering economic growth, and creating a vibrant community space. By
implementing the design recommendations and engaging stakeholders, the project
has the potential to become a significant catalyst for positive change in Janpath,
benefiting both residents and visitors alike.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
• https://www.ijrrjournal.com/IJRR_Vol.8_Issue.3_March2021/IJRR027.pdf
• https://www.researchgate.net/publication/361437233_Re-
Creating_Chandni_Chowk_Place-Making_and_Place-
Marketing_of_'Old'_Delhi's_Historic_City_Centre
• https://architexturez.net/doc/10-2307/41758015
• Impact of Informality in Street Markets : Analysis of the Street Vendors of
Janpath Market, New Delhi – journal
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