GRADE

MATHEMATICS
QUARTER 1 - MODULE 1
MELC 20, 21, 22
GCF AND LCM
PART I

MELC 20: Writes a given number as a product of its prime

factors.

A. Introduction and Discussion

This module will discuss about writing given numbers as a

product of its prime factors.

In this module, pupils will learn the use of factor tree and
continuous division to find the prime factors of a number.

We can work out what this product is for any number by

using a prime factor tree.

Another way is the use of continuous division.

B. Illustrative Example:

Factor Tree Continuous Division

12 2 16

2x6 28

2 4
2x2x3

2
2 X 2 X 3 = 12
2 X 2 X 2 X 2 = 16

NOTE:

 Every number can be written as a product of prime factors.

 We can work out what the product is for any number

by using factor tree and continuous division.
MELC 21: Finds the Common Factors, Greatest Common Factor
(GCF), Common Multiples and Least Common Multiple (LCM) of
two numbers using the following method: Listing, Prime
Factorization and Continuous Division

A. Introduction and Discussion

This lesson will help you identify the factors, multiples,

greatest common factor and least common multiple of 2 numbers.

In this modules, we will learn to use the three methods to

find the factors, multiples, GCF and LCM of two numbers.

A.1. For Greatest Common Factor

A. Listing Method

a) List all the factors of the given numbers.

b) Get the common factors. (Factors that are found

in the first and second number).

c) Write the highest number as the GCF.

B. Prime Factorization

a) Write all the prime factors of the two numbers.

b) Select all the common prime factors.

c)Multiply all the common prime factors to get the

GCF.

C. Continuous Division

a) Write both numbers inside the “L” shape.

b) Write a prime number that is common to both

numbers.
 c) Continue to write a prime number as divisor and
then divide until you come up with the last prime
number as quotient.

d) Get all the common divisor then multiply to get

the GCF of both numbers.

A.2. For Least Common Multiple

A. Listing Method

a) List at least first 10 multiples of the given

numbers.

b) Get all the common multiples.

c)Write the smallest common multiple as Least

Common Multiple.

B. Prime Factorization

a) Find the prime factors of the given numbers.

Make sure to align all factors that are common
to both numbers.

b) Encircle the factors that are common to both

numbers.

c) Get all the prime factors. (Note: all factors that

are common to both numbers are considered as
one factor and should be written only once).

d) Multiply all the factors to get the LCM.

C. Continuous Division

a) Write both numbers inside the “L” shape.

b) Write the first prime number on the left side of

the “L” shape.
 c) Divide the number. Write the quotient below the
“L” shape.

d) Continue writing prime numbers as divisor that

is common to both and divide until the quotient
is 1.

e) Multiply all the prime divisors and the last set of

quotients to get the LCM.

B. Illustrative Examples

A. For Greatest Common Factor (GCF)

A. Listing Method B. Prime Factorization

8 = 1, 2, 4, 8 8=2x2x2

20 = 1, 2, 4, 5, 10, 20 20 = 2 x 2 x 5

Common Factor (CF) = 2, 4 CF = 2 x 2

Greatest Common Factor = 4 GCF = 4

C. Continuous Division

2 8 20

2 4 10

2 5

CF = 2 x 2

GCF = 4

B. For LCM

A. Listing Method

4 = 4, 8,12,16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40

6 = 6, 12, 18, 24,30, 36, 42, 48, 54, 60

 Common Multiple (CM) = 12, 24, 36

Least Common Multiple (LCM) = 12

B. Prime Factorization

4=2x2

6=2x3

CM = 2

LCM = 2 x 2 x 3 = 12

C. Continuous Division

2 4 6

2 3

CM = 2

LCM = 2 x 2 x 3 = 12

 Common factors are those that are found in both lists.

 Greatest Common Factor is the highest/largest
number that divides exactly into two or more
numbers.
 Common Multiples are those multiples that are found
in both numbers.
 Least Common Multiple (LCM) is the smallest of
the common multiples.
 We use Listing Method, Prime Factorization
and Continuous Division to find the GCF and
LCM of numbers.
MELC 22: Solves Real-Life Problems involving GCF and LCM
of 2 given number.

A. Introduction and Discussion

The module is about problem solving about real-life

situations involving GCF and LCM of 2 given number.

In this module, children will be able to analyze and answer

problems whether they will use GCF or LCM to solve the problem.

Follow the 4 step-plan in solving the problem so that it

would be easier for you to answer the problems.

1. Understand the problem.

2. Plan how to solve the problem.

3. Solve the problem.

4. Check and Look back if your answer is correct.

B. Illustrative Examples

Problem A
Aling Linda is going to prepare puto and cutchinta
that she will put in a plastic tub to be given to the
workers in the barangay hall.

She cooked 50 pieces of puto and 60 pieces

cutchinta. How many tubs will she used so that the
puto and cutchinta will be equally distributed?
Find the factors of 50 and 60.

50 = 1, 2, 5, 10, 25, 50

60 = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 12, 15, 20, 30, 60

CF = 1, 2, 5

GCF = 5

Aling Linda will use 5 tubs for her puto and cutchinta.
Problem B
Dianne will make a bouquet of tulips and daisies. If
she will used 5 tulips and 8 daisies to a bouquet.
What will be the smallest number of tulips and
daisies that she will need for her bouquet?

Find the Least common multiple of 5 and 8.

5 = 5 ,10, 15 ,20, 25 30, 35, 40, 45, 50

8 = 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48, 56, 64, 72, 80

LCM = 40
The smallest number of daisies and tulips she
needed for her bouquet is 40.

 We use the 4 step-plan in solving the problems

involving GCF and LCM of two given numbers.
UNDERSATAND, PLAN, SOLVE and CHECK AND
LOOK BACK.

 We solve for the answer through the use of LISTING

METHOD, PRIME FACTORIZATION and
CONTINUOUS DIVISION.
Part II. Activities

Activity 1

A. Crossword Puzzle. Complete the puzzle.

ACROSS DOWN
1 2
1. GCF of 70 and 105 1. LCM of 4 and 18
3
2. GCF of 16 and 28 2. LCM 6 and 14
4
3. GCF of 24 and 36 3. LCM of 4 and 8
5
4. LCM of 12 and 32 4. LCM of 46 and 92

5. GCF of 48 and 60

Activity 2

Solve the following problems.

1. Myrna and Cora bake cakes. Myrna bakes cake every 4 days,
while Cora bakes cakes every 6 days. If they will bake now when
will be the next time they will bake together?

2. Carol will pack 24 chocolates and 30 candies in loot bags. How

many loot bags will she use so that the chocolates and candies
will be equally distributed?
Answer Key
Part III Assessment

A. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. What is the greatest common factor of 12 and 18?

A. 3 B. 6 C. 9 D. 12

2. 5 is the GCF (Greatest Common Factor) of what pair of numbers?

a.) 10 and 24 c.) 15 and 25
b.) 12 and 20 d.) 16 and 20

3. What is the least common multiple of 8 and

3? A. 48 B. 72 C. 24 D. 3

4. Which of the following is not a method in finding the common

multiples of numbers?
a.) Addition Method c.) Listing Method
b.) Continuous Division d.) Prime Factorization

5. What is the least common multiple of 7 and

9? a. 27 b. 35 c. 56 d. 63

B. Solve the following problem.

1. Mrs. Rivera bought candies for her pupils. She wants to put it in
loot bags of 6 and 8 pieces. What is the smallest number of
candies can she pack using the loot bags?

2. Edwin has 18 marbles. Edmond has 24 marbles. They will give the
marbles among their friends. What is the possible question in
this statement?

3. Mrs. Cruz is buying pencils for a pack of 12 and pens for a pack of
10 from the store. If Mrs. Cruz wishes to buy the same number
of pencils as pens, what is the smallest number of pens that
she can buy?
Tabilang, A. R., & Arce, I. J. (2015). Mathematics Teacher’s Guide 4. Pasig
City: Department of Education.

Tabilang, A. R., & Arce, I. J. (2015). Mathematics Learner's Material 4. Pasig

City: Department of Education.

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