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Daa --@)42h dv, yW@aiy wa wari a | BA, (4) ATT fin AR a (v,), BAA (v,) Te HOT aT TET TATE Fy Te hs Erk ae aafadteor arege Y wen aa Tinted TP eT eee &, sre, #29 a aa: TAL (4) 3, Vg= Vy sat ayR a, en a1 aaa eae Wet 4. Wafenita ain take & fore afittectan fate ear forte Pers athe (TAF 2005; META 16 seat aortas 8 ara ar aga E 2 gas BAT ar aaa BAT (ATT 2019} weet ee CARTS 2019} aera aifveran fecgta et omen aPC aortas, 17, 18; WA 05, 18; FAT 19) cei tes foe tase re esa Pa rage seat agtrant afifvaarar ferata at erage eT Fete ator fe AE.At 24. (ae 207] seat agcrrant afar Pirate air aaa Ee Baa free aE aT CRT: Saar fn afta en Hehe a Paton St were aH a spear a eter BR sarge wen aenteat A eter orare Bt gram Serer Prorat sore: ka K+ Ak Tar Ronee eee ee Br = Asin(wt— kx) = Asin{(w+ Ao)t—(k+Ak)x} wit ras ik rorya & are areh er ire eee ene VEWitWe = Asin(ot - kx) + Asin ((o+ Ao)t— (ebb)bbe ( orcterrg ) : ah. epee. qatar at (wer EA—T ) [45 oats) (1th) a Ao Ak = 2Asin(wt— kx) =—t-—. sin( peo: 2 t 2 ) -[paon( 42s) start Al) [ ae sfont aire erg, fred ae eet fr cer a TI aon Set St ) Brora: FS fq 74 for ora oat fear oT eT EI ‘ onder faa 8 ae ere t fie that the or rem (rah erat Peak at oaPacereraT Ax) aftorrtt air St Totes 2, aT TT BL in tire ar a Free = AE = dm arn: wo aH Reta A saPaeeram arate =78ls, [ky =20/4,] Sa eee Ky, AR/2 Ak a Ax.Ak = 2x 0) : = 2 2m. ORD oe wank Bags [ip ee [-2-4] 2 | =Fop lo) He: BHT (3) He (4) 3, a7E span am Ax.Ap= ou) sraf anor at feafa cen tala ar at safafaestt ar yor ites Preah a atte atm tat eta a sativa fers é AxAp=h axdpe% a(S)> vAt aa AE = pap 2m => aB=2.tp => AE=vAp => ap= = AEA wat. (5) a, vote AEAt>— ae afifcaaa frsia a TT STE WTS. gat Safar wera at fafad ws a @ Ter feat genet a Ta, (i) Ferre arr gctagta a ferent at wera a ee TAT TAIT 2006, 09, 11, 14, 16; Farrage area aster & afifraa fergie & wert at afta Parr aga a WARE (Paar 201 cated & afhivecar fat sh were Ten ga we wed re fa qari winrar act aif gt awet j agsrat § freagiaar ere ae & fore ane Recor qereeil waa ais ahh | TA 203 anvaarFrersat fe rn frre wl fre eae are faa ‘BRT fare Weare fear Ta & 7 (FareTAGE 2010; WAT 11, RTI) are era et ee af t AAT 2015; FaeTAGT 15; WAZ 23) | Seema afifrann firort % srqan, h Ax.Ap>h, [:e-4] wet Ax = Raft area a aafifeeaen wt Ap = Fara aafifvaran @ 1a fram at gfe fra fafa 8 at or aan 8 mer fener yareeit enstreart & anfifcara firgra at afte & fore wafer way fara wefint 1 - sa fe wate fee fer & Pr aire fre HEE aren 3 qercel 8 tear Rata wa saa a are eT eT fered fear agen, qereel at Pike dtm (ara yae rr a Gat rd qereeit cra tee Peten fern on wane) om aa BT tt tevfthradt Cctterg ) = ot car-ett, gate ve ( were wea) | 47 a 2sin® aret 0 geet 3 afagenar a AB ora ene at wer A ete @ A TA fare a Tea Bova: Ax Beagia Be feat aro at saffron B cara Pes ei eo ete 2 & fn whet Be aha at ee Pd @ PB ae gost eh want 8 orale raha whats prea safngeren H a feare— 0 8 + 0 TH att sit ware a Tae arn: Fargis aH ears ean Pare ap=(+4sino)-(4-Aeine) = 7? sino . __ 2% 2hsin®@_, kh ere) eat ear & aifafeaaen first at gfe eet fare ant getagta ar ar ads faa seen Be anger mn in agi Fre or et Fee AB wr Pe er fea ye Pre bon arr chaz fie fine firg BH E 2 ae aafifran &, ara: were A Reeta H antatieraen Peete 3 tere 8 ae EP See: a 4y-—— @ afer a wera vin ah intel a eagles pea Set Presa, Nas p=t eee seh Be ree gh rat fe even Eve Fe ads ey Fea were ag veh wR fe Fer ET aac p sin Op sin (0) ata Go Te wee comms Fecte Ss BATA ATH safer ‘Ap= psind— psin(-9) = 2psin = 288% d_ 2hsind _—h 2n808 oy Ay: AP ind” 8 rl t—(‘ 5, ar eu wet re safer Bee ae Be oT A A/2 ATA a eH 6. erga aera a aTTITE we Fa wT fe tA, ‘Hae Te Tea TI (FATT 2006; TAYTOS, 1, 14, 16, 185 FEAT 12, 14; ATT Ig aaa sargsrent ar anPhfeare rear ear & 7 Fa aT fre HHP FH Feta vate & sige set te wee (HUST 2019; TAT 19; ART area aafafarar & fragt 3s amure ae fs at fe Phan H geragha et auf award 1 (Gt 2022; Fercrrargr 2 sath satire at fiver 10m ster eet &, ora: eetagTa aa A THT ayy Rea safer STP HALTTT (AN) aan © 27 2x10 after eet are ererert 2 aiPitiay fear, % Ax.Ap = ht of: Saagia & dan 8 =p aeffererea A = S610 123-14 er et _ 1055x107 4 2x100* = 5-275 x 107! farm aevears | ora aft satires AY safter etagia & dae AF apr onfefrara 5-275% 107! fg Hevaeus t, dh ycagin a dae gue after ea artery site oa eelagis ar a1 ware & Ayal aera thm arian & fora 8 ae gis ape, T saat oat B= pe ene © pe = 5-275x107! x(3x10°) = 15-825x 10-9 Jet _ 15-825x1078 "16x10 3 Ba at afte a eagis at satel ard ve wlagit at oat TTT 9-89MeV EH afee, wafer safe & scafiia B suit (gcagit) at sift of crrrT 2-3MeV eit eae Frond Praca & fir afie a ycagin softer set we wae tT Wer 7. aabetreta Freetee Se BTET aTT a eT aaT at ATT AT APTA eV = 9-89MeV ( Pacaragy 20125 BEIT aagarent amr aafatyercrar ferettct aS 2 ees ATT AT aT a WH SH a TST aH TOTAT aA (Perera 2023) aafifcaman Ap & 17a safateane fercia &sfhferat C aretterg ) sot rR ei. eter ak ( were WeA-T) | 49 aphq=h 1 ap= 4g eR aH afte Sat A offer (4p)" ( 2 Ak =i? “ as | cae > aftr at & | men Farag at Rafe sat Y oafifean Le : 4ne, Aq aa: aaa at Fa Sat F otha AE =Ak+Av a - at 2m(Ag)y? 46 Ag saat 8 snfitianen & pra WH at aed & fe (AE) _ aaa)” = 1 Ze 7417 - m(Aq)? 47% (Ag)? ad ar at vem wen a Fe we sear rg ear ees rea Fa FTE PTA TAY RETA ayedt areener ea 2 Wakes Be TO Pea aE Feo TT TT fareTATA 2005, 06, 08, 15, 17, 225 TAFT OS, 09, 11, 13; ACTA 165 otis) sare erorg ota & wear ered 2 Freres Pest ae Beat EE TTT ST ema eaten Be VEN PA TT FHA SATE HTC AY Ta (aa 2014; FereTTAgE 17, 18) ae ane areca 2 ce eae gre eT a see aT 7S aawen facia SgET A TR fH WATT ATT 7 (CARTS 2019; G23) neat care Pee GLA GA at BITTEN FTTH Fore erat ferga worst Waar BGT ? (RT 2023) ———=—=<«50 | Meare TAA ATT awa xg Parcerera aire at citer wattia ae are Salers Ter Uren eit a A Baia fart Reakeed H eeroen ahaa ss fara A ete S, Tales FerTTETE Tha ferarar ar wet Hae 2 saree ar ATE! TAIT 2006, 09; FATART oy aga wa warner Peep Ta a saga frei a ATTA CART 20g area Wenter fare ware St aaTvNR feragia Ue area SIs ST SATS BATT CRRR 2015) ae 4 ferauit fatag—vente fre wuTa | (TAR 20; awet Wena fae wera eat eae ath | Cat SR () per favs faferor— ae ve st art yes wR arate aE frhince St Tl pe five a fairs at Te cae yee Seale Sat a afi Tete F feat tare, wt fe @) Fe Ree aha safes vi B 1 (ii) Tes Tone da A Tinted als a Fe aaa oat aa AH A aT (iv) Pros rar aga sift at TT e ara Fem e1 aT TT OTC ea Bs weTTORN IA ERT a ME | ais as oT, Peer aT STATE | tn p=, ath ces Prin © 66 10 ap ewe) & wer eee wt a (=3 x Htex) & 1 favs 8 sraftta stern steed Sot aA hv & YE TH, Ba—hv, 2h, 3hv wn tet samt, we ate go tT 3 (2 Werte fergq wa —ora fave eng cere Gea a TUT ee Gre TTT, TH AY met etapa Heer here Sees BF ced a we a Maar Sey eer Hee E 1 waz “ara aT Fe — (i) emrer ReteRTA aera MA eS ah Te Te TC aera ETT a: Witenes cok laced half ag tet at Rect 1 Gi soatite Peer at ttre aftr aH, are arf efit fe sarafere Weare Sat tere : ii) sonata Seta TaT a seen, savoir wenrer aA ator ae PR area 7 Pes THT acd)sitferatt Coetterrg ) : ot. raat aan at ( were WeT-Ut) | 51 Gv) MIG ee ware fires Ct aaa seat Sh ad #1 Fa RTE a aT STR eas Be rater aE Peer a STATE AITERT a forme SIAN WHT st ten, Weta ah aie ae Fink awe | rer TGP va fae ret ANY Te SeeT STB, eH Hey saree Vieia at sea ho StS, tt eng a afte alee weg Ht we Ct El ae Sat was om hte @ sot age Hr ay Fae 8 aga ae ee A oe her 1 ga Sa A AT arirent a tect oat 6 Hea EI Gi) Sot aor Se vr, Aaa RetagiA a raise HEA fare afte Sa BAA waa hee af sraftit SARA FT REA mn aaa ve, a crafts Rag St afte aft oat dmv? =hv-> (1) Ung a TREAT $= hg RT Vo Veet orga E ora: welt (1) a, fon? = ho hoe a jm? =h(o-%) = w(4-1) 2) atten (2) sree ae were Page ater eee | B) wires St Taga wre BH SAR we Wa X Paella GH iat Pett vere (Sark) 1 srafte ther &, at watftta faRacr F a saa va F— @ srifatia fata fraat ated orafia fatter & war det & cer sh srafat fafenco sat fen AF weet een 1 Gi) Stata faferer fraat worded orate fata at corded S vara eet Bi Teed STAG See veatehs SOT aSA ASAT VT S| ST AAT at HST Wars ae EL Fare frrerd aan se ie wales orate eis, A are ge oat eT wate 8 gaa eelagia ot seaisia at & fare der @, fered ween Vela at oat ge aaT ‘He aa Sone S sree wetter ah Tees ae eB (@ Pret art o die at faire sen—facaer fara & aren die at wenftaar fafine sen Fea (= 3R) tet 81 afar wait gre een eT fis ae Prae eae wI a e arate feng ae er ara aT eA re-ae Tonheas Pafine son oft aedt 8 ter Ter WH eae A ot es She By 1907 F sre A aan frees Bre ERAT ET a ea dha & ote gery sh GH Fifvas sngfa oar fafa onett afer arn forrat ‘wat ho Favey aT ART DTH Bret B 1 Wr 9. aimed wa aot S ? fg wife fen ¢ SOT UT tT a fore ates wera d= -con) ae, wet wetted at are aarT gL 0 (AG 2005, 08; FATA 06, 17; ART 12, 16, 18; ALG 12, 13, 15, 17)52 | Taare Uta aT wet CINE 2g __Asing (Prerray 2014; Taq 2 (06 = Theos Meme : eat wate Ter Baar ae TAF 2 eat Tera fore aise Preah) | ( farerragr: | seat q femutt faftac—aitemer wT! (Tray: awat | watemes wore ea 2 wale Farah eT gaa SAT Sel a Ag 2 eal Stor afar) (yt2023 ‘waniftfe x Percoll A St wear &h fafncor Sit Ei ea at a forws cites aroha Tented a aa AE sie Rta fiw ante, oraft aie a artes Ca E ge ver a TET Tay @ WH hy sgh a Vets ered a yaa getagIT S ca Sat ae He sal yagi HT WA attr 8 ara: watch ora Well at oat sreren orgha orraftra fafeeer st orgta sal | Crt ta wate at GiereT watcha Hed EI ‘ Y \Y see ey sara viel am eatin * et fa are fee tet X Fee & ara heer fe eT Rar RATS TTT raft at zat a] en S| ora: Sot eT & fara a dag & yd oot = cage & ara sat ho+0= hot (m—mmy)c*viftrat (wettarrg ) : aft. carat. quite et ( wert WET) | 53 ho-ho'= (m-mec? Al) a sara Pre at Pee eaer Greer am A (x Reem argh) hw _ hw! Ow Ecos 8+ mvcosp c 22) mveosg = A?! ag ec wat var Y een & arate =e sin mw sing c a mvsing= "sing 3) ‘write (2) 5 (3) at at Heh TSA we, o 2 . 2. my -(B-Bone) +(@sne) ccs € mvc? =h*(v—v'cosoy + h?(v'sin 6) a ree =h?(v? +0200" cos) (4) wetter (1) 8, me? = (ho—ho'+ myc”) (me*? = {hv— hot mye? }? nic = (v—vl + mc! +2h(v—v'ymgc* = (ve? -v?—2vv')+ mac! +2h(v—v)mgc* wn(5) artteaco (4) ¥ 8 (5) HEAR, myc? — mirc! = i? 2wv'(\-cos0)—mic* -2h(v—v'mge* Al 2h vv'(\—cos 6) —2mgc7h(v—v') = mgc* — mi? “(-3] a it h- mi (-5)-8 2h? vv'(1—cos0)—2mpe"h(v-v)=0 tat —cos6) me ve Z vv54 [Fae atta ae a (a-ay=—4 (10088) (me") . Sos aaieerre 9 Ada aoe cos) j BRE Baia ifs gra atoms wa aA mare a oT et rea fe we Wee 7 ‘wiafarer qetagin wt fen ater (2) a (3) @,_ fe sing weet 4] WICH UAT aise ch area ferkaw ae FH SET a MAT UTES TTA & faa n et an at fren sat nat Gam A scat at Saat aT aa Parr aT ‘FAA HT WATT ATS (Bohar's atomic model) THE A STF aA Ta Wa 8 are Prenat 3 ore ae Tey aare a are ae a fore wa aise fer sabre a arate Sparen are ere Eve A fires Bo ae Site eT Sera PTA Waa teil wr 4 Sal seals ee em? | rae saat oat vec orenh, Firaa qa TET were Ae WT, Sraes Tea A eT eT BTS 4 Bra Bae Hiser Tey a ere Sra SH a st eT ae THT Se Lea, aan sit wih wer feast 9 quan art F ya wa t ora: ae wi ongfa at Age paata att satis ae warm 8 fara Terry gre Scahsia were aT aT Bag BT TY areaferanen Y qeaTy @ tReet aobseH wre Shen G1 sata spferigel oar Prrarcr atet A asian faraia at wer TH Hise BTU Feral ‘isa & sqaR— @) ergs, ate at sik qe faire eneit Yet ae cert fore cart eT % stem wait Ft ad gh, Sal srahhta aT eee E Gi) Wee Frere Se Hest FH gH Tere Perey afi ahha: Sere sO BAT ah (2) ar ge poner Sha Et (ret A eater Preian S Pare aT h = 6-6 x LO RT ar | Bre 1) sea ecagia a atota =m(n-2)itera ( aretererg ) aft. wea-ait. Geter ak (were EA=UH ) [55 th rave = Qn wo) wet mm FeTTo ant at Bee a y see an tin ue gore et fa waren TET HET Eh Gi) a Reg Sea Sal eS Fr Sat ere arate or at ae Pg ETAT fafrer Ss oo sat alia at ei oa Fre Sl area see at ered oer ase free waa faftacr & wo F oat sraetfit eat aft Teg nat ae SoH (E,) B p Bt ewer seal (E,) ort (et n> p) arava fafa at sngia va am Fr that t— ,-E, =ho wn(2) Go) ete art A a Gon Retaghs a afin A te eM aren oreo ae et Ate APL | 3 fae creas aftesta aa ver eee sre m* 1 Gale) r ney Wel Ze = afi we TT e= wag Tae --G) niet aT St FSM AT mn KOTATT Se STRAT a FARIA (Ze) omer aT safes As aT rave = ia. : 2nmr atte 3), got ot oe + Ane, 1_ Ze = Maat me erie (4) Fv aA Ta, ty Lz 2amr) ~ 4x6) mr _Anegn™h? _ sor! 2 TO gmae ort: net amen at Berar enh " amZe Sit r fan at net wen A va a EH Ter ST ata (1) a, 242 ame (4) (5)56 | Faate Wie ae tae (5) 8 are t fis, 0? WRSNA Wy & fae Z=1,n=1 WIT fal —— = a met Gay 1 Ny 5 =053x10° Hex A= 66x10 =053A m=9x107 wher e=16x10¥ any =4q = 212A 1 94, = 4ST A oseee STAR rat Rar at Satna sea eee at Sat = The Sat + fg Rats oat elgg? et ake) a Rage = item 3) a, we r 4x App? et a! 2” Ges Or ‘orden arr at aH (6) Hwa, ebm A "Ane, Or Amey Fr _. 7 “As Or net Soe Ft Fare a A THT (5) B TAT - ___1_ Ze°amie? "Arey Degn?h? : __ mates a Ea wet fe nw AM as NEA AEM a Z=1 an=1% fae sem we FE a et 4 me’ 7 Bae ag Bagh? =-136eV, (1eV=16x10 ieMirah mettre ) sat. pe, yet ee (wm weA-TH ) | 57 +(8) cael Resort Freier p= —22'me! Gre,Feh =Hx10"7 ect net rent at St -n(9) n=l fa n=25 fe E,=-15ev Ey =340V £E, =-136eV RST RATE] =H Saat HA TTL ara ate (2) 8, E,-E, =ho a a cg oa: (10)var ery, (3) frat fever a Fre 1g Fert ee a, eH Fey TO sare area & 1 Perce, wifes gre erthetta Faved (saa, aret) eel we aT aH AT for gece grr eon wep 8, a fs ait Per aH or men aE TET | at (-4) attinder at él -aotteren (10) 8 p Be orerr-arer art Se fee arerr-areeT Ara arr Ta le il). wager soh_7 -tea{t-4] ET N= 2,3, ser ae Sot wadrt da FT ora Tee ae dot gee da A wre ttt 1 ft _1)_. aR But—5 => -a{5-4} WT n= 4, 5, case ae doit oreat Ga re Ut F1 ave aot 0b REI) 25,6, ae Sut ay cae Oa A ora eT eas Se n=? eat ash n=l fan, aga sat ar ont ag tant, a Wer 11. Farrer vita at areata oe om Prete fetta care 200 Sere ecerrre aif a saree Tet Bt fe Si FrmA— (1) sree aT Fey, @) amr ae |Mifare Cette): ah ra Geter et (were WEA) | 59 at gertta wore ft, serra ef a te Rath ae Mik weer at net at stor wactt ven fren -gerata Gat onaon a ait, rt ee mein ernie meee oa BRT at ST wat 1 frat 2h ora Fa geri af fate ae at on ant B— Sieg ae ore Pe Oe (2) oral, erGTa a st wt orn a @) dra at faire Serf are & ar afta (4) Fer Rvs fatter a aor (5) Hea aT SoSH Te ore a 1 Bitte Bre were Ferge, wee, aire wT TT wa HY fetrarn oi aet St oT Tat : cee, eat re aA ee TERT ea a ha a ree eT aT aT st retreat Fr we rho ey rae tee Ta fart air on ae 3-f-x(1-4) Al) a ny Mm set b= worden, R= feat Fracia wT n, ny TE: WR TE sitet Sat ERE -aathereen (1) 35 ny 3s eerr-sreae aT Bs ery sree Afi wre whe | BUTE 3 fea, He ny = 1, 2, 3,4 HS Br a wa Pres Aire rer het F— aon at: 3=8(3—F), af 2,34, care ait: o=n(5-4)} 2 Whe 4 5 = i. 4 i uet aot: V=R FH) eT n, = 4, 5, 6... arent: Den p-e} | Wne8.6 7 ; ys Bat: o=n( 5-5) wet m6, 7,8. m seca Aird & gre har ee regs aH Seis eT Fate oe cee a Fre gear fare araila eer, Fy 3 HHH eee ere & Pre we, Fork Fee, Tifa & aise F wae TT eT f _* ree eee frend rege # fs Recor aie erer ener ore IST A fedhaey get a ar wet B1-ge a weTT w raet Feeteen Freer ira ore ae A Gat ee eer ers rae fe 8 Pare ee ecified at pa ren at aes iBT 1 | : Fo Ra va, State Prag TAA free wi Pere aifaet one we Preah oe Prewat gta seg Te RA, oa Pree fr wee fre re ter erent 2s saree errata BH EB ——————j ON SSR SS SO a 60 | Tact Ute AT fARRTUT (Black Body Radiation) — det a Fey BT ATF TST ang ceqd Treen Ca eet nn eae ntel go A) oer SAR er, rT are er aT Lumme nd Penge) ger REA m “saa sai Perce at a sre a UT FA Pret wea Fee 7 — a () en Fwy Faeroe A rst an Pare RATA WT ChAT FAA Say era HA THT (oo) TH A ITAA wT wT Cah Gara eH TTT FHT fs ay safer eter 1 saftia cat B, ara age & wer ait crag & ete ar fea E, ar settee Ct oan, Fa ST TET hard ara agA w seahets Sat A BA TTT eT Gi) FA Fes a TTT werT GTB 48-33 sftera sot ine Te 4, STAT Tee PTT S| aaftranre oot 8s cin aor ereng a, Froese aoe wt B, SH: Ay eH AT = P| ae dit a reat Fer seem $1 Gy) TT a anh an rae & fea E, aA ag ame () 7a fies 8 srafiia wage faferer st frus ae eH ara age ore Se BATT ee Som: Boe Tt oh fe te a rem e1 Ecc v St: B= ho, Wei Khe wie Prete (6-6 x 10-9 x Baws) wisn p= cc Wenner ait et fren aM 3 x 10° Hteveeros erat 1 4 ‘Shr att fafire sete area t fee 1 revered aan °C wert fae sre at rar sa vere ait faire sen secrete | vere a Pairs sen Pra et cect afew aT Swe aaa € 1 te ener fare a wee tte ory ah wee cara Bt AE vo rot FAT hit arene Se 8 Fre eae at ae Wht a earaa at feat IN Sit IN Test st ger Sat (aft Sat + fears sat) Ee, B=3NLATISNIKT = 3NKT=3RT ara: Vora 8 fer Sra Faire Sa & _(@B) _@ o-(32) = FRORD =3R aa: dhe 3 faire orem Fram (= 3.R) Shi wd ae are Pink act art Bae Sheet Aree a Sea Tet Fe fee ea EF aT Vy, aT aa Be TET Sta aAfeat Costierng ) sai eat, qatar at (ere ETT ) | 61 fafire Sen Tent Esta: ere t fe che wh fe en ame we Pink wa tO Be rer at Coren Paar Fra grr ART Ct on wae 1907 8 OME ae en Fr Ps che a Set EA Be we A ATT, fret ucts aH omega o 8, sre otter oat are are afied SY Sher oe He EAT a fafean srg oar Pattee sre etter ar Parma rat hw aarver ar aT TH Cit f Tea cory a Aer Tart Tei st Te aie a 7 Chee I eT Sra KT 3 ta, (et) err arf 3h ae oS to ery ___3Nhv at Sete way st oat (gee hy 2 wees fre atc, = (22) 7 ee OT), etre ay os an (hoy minvtentgrtann ere _ 4) ST TC Teer Perfere He I SETS SAT diya atin at oy fate ag dhe at fafre wen a feds at aaa oT eae Q) fam T50% (¥) TR WAM o & aA ST ho ferkT QvaIMTooR, (#) SRST TS CHET AT Te ERs AA 1 eau erm ga Raft FC, =3R ert ae epi We a frat 1 (hwy amt: C= Raer(F) (5) fare AM TW 0 R Ya Frme SoTL : Sie ar rR oftre orgie & ars sate ae OA ort: Fears 3 1912-9 sR feara 4 dgier ax aor fre ora Pare Soon (C,) TORTS & oH (1) & arpa Ute sala C, cT?. Wet 12. Staite ae at aAeTOT eH STATA A ANY Ase ait tare eeraS ET aareit at caren afer! aerat fag aifine fer Unftntta ataa a cig aor at Bat sae aaTVS EAA we S| Sat eh-aiirett at er ToT sree Be ara Pere are Pret Y Seer eae way sara ett © Taser Tey F sade —ak Tey Hise Fh qER Wag fat wT “ea est 9 aier Bea otc ev & re fire gia or ato a (2) = piaae tent sratq,62 | Faaner wate AT waar ar sta a mora Zh n= 12,3. “Sheath at ron ae arranger eae ae TT BATT AF TT at rented an ot os eet ate sata, Qar=nd ee P P- nh nh dar oy mr Qn arheren (1) 8 Q) 8 ere fier vin at ener dfs To Hise TTA i Gi) Wee Stare 8 Sq HOT at Sat Hea m FEMI HT GH FT a TATE Fl | frie aaa ae teria sfx =0 M Wax =a Kea a TTI Shai at sauna aga weet Frat wile (1) 3 re t fe ao at hat Ho feftad Sot sree ot ie EI wis TET WEL Ue FeraetT aT ATS x 10TH AS feraaN Barca 0-01% F saa ae at AFAR ATA A HAASE | (os = 91 x 10 PAT, fe = 6-6 x 10 -AATS) Get: eeagT a GAT p= mv = (9-1x 107!) x (3x 104) =2-73x10 famivibferat C urcfterrg ) : of aah, galt ae (were weA-T ) | 63 om: Tala BaF shift 0. p= Ph 273 10% = 2-73x 10° fen weg estat & sfifrara fram a, Axdp = ea 66x10 a MSD adp Dx 4x2 BxlO™ ene areata, Rearfe are A St srPafreaeT 3-85 x 10° fee Shit sat WEA 2. (a) WH 1-25 fencit ace ier a waht saagts Bi St-atoht aise Bt TOT aaa! ( FaCATAGT 2012, 14, 22; ATS 16, 19) eat: Vas a cafes ectagis St ahr Sot =e p=2meV orn: Staite wena n= = : p V2meV he 6-6x 10-4 . = 2 (9-110) x (1-6 107) x (1-25 10") =3-46x 107! sftex = 0-346A. re Wet2. (0) [fact ace ra a afta getagtr at St -aitrett aie ai ora aT (m= 91x10" kg, h= 66x10 JS, e= 1-6x107 ¢) (RAE 2022) wt: safer wer BHAT 2(a) Ht vif eet EL WET 3. 28-8 eV sath Ia was atectt atrtet aft aor ater (RTT aT RTA = 1-67 x 10°?” Ferra) (Tage 2018) ea agin 8 wae Sait ait 7 6:6x10-* Tink Pea 67 x 10°27)(28-8x 1-6x 107?) = 0-532x 107! Het = 0-0532A. aT wet 4. as Hatred antes ara rife (PATA 2013; ART 16) h h wa: Gaia Tet near ink : eran & fr K=1-38x107 Bevan, = 6-6 x10 IE-SHS, m, =1-67 x 107 fem, ‘ H=27°C=(27+273)K = 300K.64 | eter eta ATT Sa aia a ari ae _ 66x10 “px 67x10 x 1-38 10 x 300 = 18x10 fet = 18A. Wer 5, Fetaata ai walter waea BR Feroreee T HET TANT aT aenged aT ATT OSA TT? (FRETATTT 2016; Te wet ae agi aH ahee Faves a waa fra ort hoa weaS Shai a n= fa a WRATAR, 2=0:5A,V =? eae 2 v 150 a y= 120__ 600 oF diet Wet 6. saat at Sot eV A ara afer free St ate io tA We ArT aga a ht Sot KS a, ere Sarah Tee nm m= 167x107 kg VamK 6-6x10* 1x10" =: 2xt-67x107K a - (6-610)? 2% 167x107 x (1x toy” ~ te ve 0-0815eV. wer 7. ae fare HR arOT SA Raker aaPafveaaT Tea eS TTT aT =1-3x10™ Ft wr: fmt: Ax=h, a peo my astral & afifranm fircia 4, Ax.Ap=h, h k 1 a = eal a Aveo a ana afifrarn dyes waa atMier Corte ) se cer-att. aefer ael (ree Wea) | 65 wei 8. fe antiea fe Us setae aaa ar area, Wag aera ae erat eae eT He HOT aa AT TT tks AH aA Hae AGT 2005, 17; FAeTAGT 16; THT 23) Re E=p'/2m wm a TAS Sarat weed bh deste penn ae afer (aa a0 a are) a aoe “mA m(h/ mv) =v(ea Aa)! fragt Wer 9. fg athe AEAtz h/2. Ra: aie or at Thr Gat EF, ar Badin? 2 a AE = mvAv = (mAv)v a AE =(Ap)v, (Ce may = dp) a ap A ay ™ Ax =vAt -Q) «HL 1) aQ)a, dxAp= va AE AE.At Threat & safafcare erat 8, Axdpz h/2 AE.At > h/2, fragmra 66 | aa after ATE (c=3x108 HAL, b= 66x10 Fete. ) (Prereng , War: Tinta} A = 4000A = 4000x107" m aaah am p= z __ 66x10 4000x107 =F firm Heveeros =165x10~ farm Hevaavs | he wat B= hw =“ 7 _ 66x10 x3x108 4000x107! _ 66x107S x3 4000 = £83,193 4 =495x10" J=309eV. WRT LL. 4 = 6000 A aitted welt at Hat cer sa a TOT BATT (c= 3x10" TA,, b= 66x10 FTX.) BA: A= 6000A=6000x10-!m ‘ h co pat =-56x10™ _ 66 27 So00x107 6 LO Pam steve p=11x10~” fem HeydenMert (ter ) = aa eta at (mee WEA-TT ) | 67 WHT 12, 100 BB Berd eae Sa ReMTA aA He a aay A-aiteh e a ae ar APS Tee a et Rc et Sa, ae 7 TTT ATEN (Prerargy 2015) : =5um = WA: WENTAR m= SF 7000 ‘frm. v=100 %Y @. 2 Be aire wine a mv : 56x10 66x10" i To00*100 = Sato a132.10 she ot ifs ae wited, Hie & sree at Ger A oraes , ora: ae ToT welt Uw ar frortt aeT ct B1 Wer 13. Hired free at aor aioe ale UH Vets, gaa fear gaat a aaeS Hae 60H ator ae vata eta 1 * 2 aie fire age Tat: FT AA _ ‘cos g) ___ 66x10" Sax xaeg 8") ‘ =1213x107? Feed at wer 14. frag anfae fin ates ventoia H aaftrnet dined gore 0-045A Stat C1 Wa: ser ee Aaza-a=—Lq-cose) mmo Fegan, siftrary wars & fare 9 =180° ET! Lh oa: (Brn = eg (t=c0s180") _ 2h ___ 266x104 “mee (91x10) x(3x10") = 0048x107 Het =0-048A. fawn ‘Wer 15. feargu fes— Olspl=0 Wp) =a Gil) [EyoL,] = ink, () [L,L,1=-inl, (9) (2,L,1=0. (Paetrerge 2022) BG) fs pyly=bp,-P,7lv68 | eran thet ATT oped] ay oninx eH +itx¥ 20. yy Gi) Db, py]v =bp,-P,ylv o(o} {ge oy =-tty Ec iny tty Emin ’ ” ba plain. fee Gi (sly ]= il, (L.L,W [LL -LyLw = Lw-hLw 6 \af_ a a towel ee S aa) 2 We Ag 2 witwer, [L,,L.y=W joe So S4d pun Zly Ub cHy2-a8} . ) [LypL_}=—inl, (yee W =U, LL, mabe) (tall ~~ bala) rab eo3(S)“tat Cotten): Ah wat, ‘iter end (mam wer-Ta ) | 69 wooneltis RHE) (Ase *SbsrZolgp Lesh) =—W? {24,8 (y,L,] #{adaxd} ©) (P,2,]=0 (11-12 +2 +2,2,) = L 180142, 24] a (bl LaL] =LlLysLg]+ [Le Lylb, =0 (2 Lel=1B L142, E6] Wy Ly LHL LyLy] = Ly [Ly sig] + [Lys Lg Mey + Le[Les Lg] + Leg ig ir [1,,L,]= inl, wr U,,L.]=-in, UsoLg] ily [Lp,L,]=—ihL, (2 L.1=L,[-inL,]+ (inl, IL, + LyfihL,]+[iML, IL, =0- fap WET 16, Se TT at Sea a OTA SAAT SH 4-4 & 10" sec! Recht sgh ATT ang 8 a afer sat ar getaela seattle wee AeA | (2022) Wt: WEITER, Balas at aft Sat E, = 0. vy = 44x10" Set oR atten E, = ho-$ 8 hw=g a We at oat = archers 6 = hv,= (66%10"*)x (44x10!) = 2904x108 FR ar leV =16x1079 3 ‘ 2:904x1078 weit st gat =O ey 16x10 =182eV. WHT. 100 Vole 8 afta ast at wate area WH: V tee Ramen a fia eaagia (oma = e) at afta Sat =e” FH p= JImer or: Chath aintel a= P 2meV : 2 34 = 2 66x10" spxonao™ x16x10" x100 66x10 —__6-6x10-4 ae =. v2912%10°% —53-96x107% = 012x109 =1-2x10? m S124. Wer 18, Bist car aareheTT 5-26 x toe apt eet Ret aint aa i203 WA FRI BH, J = 5-26x10- a > Ivy = 5-26x10719 aaa, 09 =0°797 x10! BavS WF c= a4 ’ ore: te = _3x108 see @ “0-797x10% 764x107 Hex = 3764x107! sex 764A.a (tte): at, at eter ae (re WET) | 74 WHT 19. TH WITS x 107 steers safe aes eer at a aa pevanfere! (@t2023) et: MR eI afte: 85 sige ore oA A ween Bom: siete at Rear A eater cafifircrrt (8%) pnax = 20 = 2x5x 107 sax = 10x10 atez =107 aHtex resent & afta firgia & agar, h Andp => 2 SF sare afar h Peis = ~_ 66x10 66x10 2x314x10" — 628x10"* =1-0509x10™ finan Hare | a ee Bars 3 qav|en atfarcat aa aria wer Wer 1. Gort wera aT 7 RR saver aise & ara, af ang aor forest oat ER, Vyas cer a Ses Fore ait 8 carr & at ar at rat Ear APT wre St Sard a ae OA at eT oe Sa at wearer aa eT eS afew offre BS | ge sala Sa STAR (Vy—E) TET rR a Sarg aH POR wat bea feratta Frere aaah sre E < Hye aT WA wae at Re afer wrath S carer TTP wae a Pere wre aT TT TT FA Set HHT HEA E | arte + Trafea eT